• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.149-165
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• 2020

Purpose - This study investigates how employee personality traits affect psychological contract breach. Also, our study examines how Guanxi, a unique socio-cultural characteristic of China, moderates the relationship between personality traits and psychological contract breach. Design/methodology/approach - To test our ideas, we constructed a survey questionnaire based on the literatures on personality traits, Guanxi, and psychological breach. The questionnaires were distributed to Chinese employees, and then we conducted a regression analysis using 378 questionnaires. Findings - We found that neuroticism is positively related to perceived psychological contract breach. We also identified support for the prediction that the positive link between neuroticism and psychological contract breach becomes weaker when employees' awareness of Guanxi is high. Research implications or Originality - This study provides several theoretical and practical implications. First, this study elaborates the personality traits-psychological contract breach relationship by incorporating Guanxi, a critical contingency factor of China. Second, given that the relationship between neuroticism and psychological contract breach can be affected by employees' perceptions of Guanxi, managers should administer Guanxi to function as a lubricant within the organization.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.236-245
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• 2021

This study aimed to characterize the morphological variations in the vegetative and floral traits of 73 wild Lilium amabile plants from six habitats in Korea. It was observed that L. amabile is distributed nationwide at any altitude from 300 m (Mt Mangdaeam) to 1550 m (Mt Halla). The majority of the natural habitats of L. amabile were found on mountain slopes, and some were found in rugged mountain regions. The down-facing flowers of this species not only had many blotches but also dense trichomes, and the flowering time was found to be from mid-June to mid-July. ANOVA revealed significant variations in vegetative and floral traits among the six habitats, indicating that the environment has substantial influences on the various growth parameters of L. amabile, such as plant height; number of leaves, bracts, papillae, and flowers; leaf angle; and lengths of the anther, longest blotch, and nectary of the petiole. In addition, the vegetative and floral traits were found closely correlated with each other under the direct impact of the environment. These findings will facilitate to find the appropriate environmental conditions for the conservation and development of L. amabile population as future lily-breeding materials.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.527-534
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• 2021

This study investigated the possibility of performing selection using 30-month carcass traits by estimating the genetic parameters of 24- and 30-month carcass traits. Data used in this study were the carcass traits of 13,151 heads slaughter at the age of 24 and 30 months. As a result of the study, the heritability of backfat thickness, carcass weight, eye muscle area and marbling score at 24 months of age were estimated to be 0.588, 0.354, 0.467 and 0.587, respectively. The heritability of backfat thickness, carcass weight, eye muscle area and marbling score at 30 months of age were estimated to be 0.498, 0.577, 0.505 and 0.530, respectively. The ranking correlation was 0.516 between the carcass selection indices of 24 and 30 months of age. By providing a 30-month selection index, it is possible to use semen suitable for farm profits, and more semen information can be provided to farms than previously. Furthermore, studies on a selection index based on 30-month carcass traits are needed to provide highly accurate information.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to i) investigate genetic performance for linear type traits of individual Holstein dairy cows, especially focusing on comparative traits, and to estimate genetic variances for these traits using actual data, and ii) compare genetic performance and improvement of progeny by birth country of the cows. Linear type traits defined with five comparative traits on this study were general stature composite (GSC), dairy capacity composite (DCC), body size composite (BSC), foot and leg composite (FLC), and udder composite (UDC). These traits were scored from 1 to 6 with 1 = poor, 2 = fair, 3 = good, 4 = good plus, 5 = very good and 6 = excellent. Final scores (FS) were also included in this study. Data used was collected from the years 2000 to 2004 by the Korea Animal Improvement Association (KAIA). Only data of more than five tested cows by herd appraisal date and by sires having more than ten daughters were included to increase the reliability of the data analyses. A total of 30,204 records of the selected traits, which was collected from 26,701 individuals having pedigree information were used. Herd appraisal date, year of age, lactation stage (grouped by month), and time lagged for milking (in hours) were assumed as fixed effects on the model. Animal additive genetic effects considering pedigree relationship and residual errors were assumed with random effects. Year of age at appraisal date was classified from one to nine years of age, assigning the value of nine years of age for animals that were greater than or equal to nine years of age. From our results, the estimate for heritability was 0.463, 0.346, 0.473, 0.290, and 0.430 on GSC, DCC, BSC, FLC and UDC, respectively. The estimate for FS heritability was 0.539. The greatest breeding values for GSC were estimated for Canada, with the breeding values for American lines increasing for 10 years starting in 1989 but tending to decrease after that until 2004. For DCC, the breeding values for American and Canadian lines showed similar patterns until 1999, after which the breeding values for the American lines declined sharply. For BSC, data from Korea, Canada and the USA followed similar trends overall except when the breeding values of the American lines decreased starting in 1999. Overall, the methods used to evaluate genetic performance in this study were acceptable and allowed for the discovery of differences by country of genetic origin, likely due in part to the American use of selection indexes based primarily on milk yield traits until methods for evaluating other traits began to emerge.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.151-164
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• 2002

Genetic variance and covariance components of the linear traits and the ordered categorical traits, that are usually observed as dichotomous or polychotomous outcomes, were simultaneously estimated in a multivariate threshold animal model with concepts of arbitrary underlying liability scales with Bayesian inference via Gibbs sampling algorithms. A multivariate threshold animal model in this study can be allowed in any combination of missing traits with assuming correlation among the traits considered. Gibbs sampling algorithms as a hierarchical Bayesian inference were used to get reliable point estimates to which marginal posterior means of parameters were assumed. Main point of this study is that the underlying values for the observations on the categorical traits sampled at previous round of iteration and the observations on the continuous traits can be considered to sample the underlying values for categorical data and continuous data with missing at current cycle (see appendix). This study also showed that the underlying variables for missing categorical data should be generated with taking into account for the correlated traits to satisfy the fully conditional posterior distributions of parameters although some of papers (Wang et al., 1997; VanTassell et al., 1998) presented that only the residual effects of missing traits were generated in same situation. In present study, Gibbs samplers for making the fully Bayesian inferences for unknown parameters of interests are played rolls with methodologies to enable the any combinations of the linear and categorical traits with missing observations. Moreover, two kinds of constraints to guarantee identifiability for the arbitrary underlying variables are shown with keeping the fully conditional posterior distributions of those parameters. Numerical example for a threshold animal model included the maternal and permanent environmental effects on a multiple ordered categorical trait as calving ease, a binary trait as non-return rate, and the other normally distributed trait, birth weight, is provided with simulation study.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.767-776
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• 2006

Corresponding author:Deukhwan Lee, Department of Animal Life Resources, Hankyong National Univ. Seokjeong-dong Anseong-si Gyeonggi-do, Rep. of Korea 456-749Tel: 031-670-5091, Fax: 031-676-5091, E-mail : dhlee@hknu.ac.krGeneral performance with including environmental and management effects on linear type traits in Holstein cows were investigated. 115,646 valid records measured from cows over 1 yrs of age by Korean Animal Improvement Association from 2000 to 2004 were used for this study. Farm, appraisal year-month, appraisal person should affect linear type and scoring traits. Most of type traits and scoring traits would be significantly affected by parity and lactation stage after absorbing farm-appraisal year-month-person effects. Otherwise, some traits such as traits related to udder would be affected by registration criteria. However, interval of appraisal time and milking time would not affect these traits. The scores related to udder, teat placement and foot angle would be positively related to parity. Final score would be optimized at cows of 2nd and 3rd parities. Dairy form, front teat placement, rear udder height, rear udder width and final score would show similar to pattern of lactation curve at lactation stage. Dairy capacity composite index would also show similar to lactation curve. This result would be indicated that more concise standardizing system for linear type scoring rules would be needed. Furthermore, correcting system for parity and lactation stage would be needed because this factor should affect physiological status, specially, udder status.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1395-1403
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• 2008

The objective of the present study was to estimate genetic parameters for economic traits in Markhoz goats. Data collected from 1993 to 2006 by the Markhoz goat Performance Testing Station in Sanandaj, Iran, were analyzed. The traits recorded as body weight performance at birth (BW), weaning (WW), six month (6MW), nine month (9MW), yearling (YW) and yearling fleece weight (YFW) were investigated. Least square analyses were used for estimation of environmental effects. Genetic parameters were estimated with single and multi trait analysis using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) procedures, under animal models. By ignoring or including maternal additive genetic effects and maternal permanent environmental effects, five different models were fitted for each trait. The effects of sex, type of birth, age of dam and year of birth on the all body weights were significant (p<0.01), but had no effects on YFW except year of birth. Age of kids had significant influences on WW and 6MW (p<0.01). A log likelihood ratio test was carried out for choosing the most suitable model for each trait. Total heritability estimates for YFW and growth traits varied from 0.16 for YFW and WW to 0.41 for YW. For all traits, maternal heritability was lower than direct heritability, ranging from 0.06 for BW to 0.01 for 6MW and 9MW. The magnitude of $c^2$ was more substantial for BW than the others, and relative importance was reduced from 0.12 for BW to 0.04 for 9MW. The direct additive genetic correlations estimates were positive and varied from 0.21 between BW-YW to 0.96 between WW-6MW. Direct additive genetic correlations between YFW and body weight traits were positive and ranged from 0.14 between BW-YFW to 0.67 between 6MW-YFW. For all traits, the corresponding estimates for phenotypic correlation were positive and lower than genetic correlations. The maternal additive genetic correlations between various traits were varied and ranged from -0.19 between 9MW-YFW to 0.96 between 6MW-9MW. The estimates of the maternal permanent environmental correlations between various traits were positive and ranged from 0.33 between WW-YFW to 0.93 between WW-6MW. Also, the environmental correlations between various traits ranged from 0.01 between BW-YFW and WW-YFW to 0.70 between 9MW-YW. Estimates of genetic parameters for various traits in this study confirm that selection should be applied on WW for genetic improvement in Markhoz goats.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.643-649
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• 2018

Objective: POU class 1 homeobox 1 (POU1F1) mediates growth hormone expression and activity by altering transcription, eventually resulting in growth rate variations. Therefore, we aimed to identify chicken POU1F1 polymorphisms and evaluate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and growth-related traits, and logistic growth curve parameter traits (${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$, and ${\gamma}$). Methods: Three SNPs (M_1 to M_3) were used to genotype 585 $F_1$ and 88 $F_0$ birds from five Korean native chicken lines using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Results: Single marker analyses and traits association analyses showed that M_2 was significantly associated with body weight at two weeks, weight gain from hatch to 2 weeks, and weight gain from 16 to 18 weeks (p<0.05). M_3 was significantly associated with weight gain from 14 to 16 weeks and from 16 to 18 weeks, and asymptotic body weight (${\alpha}$) (p<0.05). No traits were associated with M_1. The POU1F1 haplogroups were significantly associated with weight gain from 14 to 16 weeks (p = 0.020). Linkage disequilibrium test and Haploview analysis shown one main haploblock between M_2 and M_3 SNP. Conclusion: Thus, POU1F1 significantly affects the growth of Korean native chickens and their growth curve traits.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.598-608
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• 2020

The present study was aimed to verify the mediating effect of mentalization and mindfulness in the relationship between secure attachment and borderline personality traits. To this purpose, a self-reporting survey were conducted to universities and general companies in Seoul and Gyeonggi, so the final 358 data were used for analysis. Questionnaires including attachment type, mentalization, mindfulness and borderline personality traits were administered. A data was analyzed by a descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, and a structural equation model using SPSS and AMOS statistic program. A summary of the research results are as follows. First, in the results of the correlation analysis on the primary factors, secure attachment, mentalization, mindfulness and borderline personality traits had a significant correlation. Second, a dual mediation effect of mentalization and mindfulness was shown in the relationship between attachment and borderline personality traits. An secure attachment effect on the borderline personality traits through mentalization and mindfulness. Lastly, the significance and limitations of this study was discussed, as well as proposals for future research.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.1081-1085
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• 2017

Objective: Previously, we reported quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting backfat thickness (BFT) traits on pig chromosome 5 (SW1482-SW963) in an F2 intercross population between Landrace and Korean native pigs. The aim of this study was to evaluate glutamate receptor-interacting protein 1 (GRIP1) as a positional candidate gene underlying the QTL affecting BFT traits. Methods: Genotype and phenotype analyses were performed using the 1,105 $F_2$ progeny. A mixed-effect linear model was used to access association between these single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and the BFT traits in the $F_2$ intercross population. Results: Highly significant associations of two informative SNPs (c.2442 T>C, c.3316 C>G [R1106G]) in GRIP1 with BFT traits were detected. In addition, the two SNPs were used to construct haplotypes that were also highly associated with the BFT traits. Conclusion: The SNPs and haplotypes of the GRIP1 gene determined in this study can contribute to understand the genetic structure of BFT traits in pigs.