• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2000년도 전력전자학술대회 논문집
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• pp.548-551
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• 2000

The battery charger for high speed trail car is very important power source for the purpose of safty and system stability. it provides control power of VVVF, CVCF, DC/DC converter and inverter for traction motor. This paper included power circuit of the ZVZCS type battery charger for high speed trail car and battery included power circuit of the ZVZCS type battery charger for high speed trail car and inverter for traction motor. This paper included power circuit of the ZVZCS type battery charger for high speed trail car an battery charging algorithm. Also the optimum parallel operation of 50Kw battery charger for high speed trail car and charging control method of Ni-Cd battery illustrates validity and effectiveness through the experiments.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제66권
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• pp.53-59
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• 2023

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has no effect on normal cells, but selectively can induce apoptosis in tumor cells. Gartanin, a xanthone compound in mangosteen, has been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth by arresting the cell cycle and inducing autophage. In this study, we revealed that gartanin can sensitize TRAIL-induced human liver cancer cell death. We also found that gartanin enhances DR5 expression, a death receptor for TRAIL. This effect appears to be related to CHOP activation associated with the response of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Gartanin treatment also inhibited p62 protein expression and cleaved LC3 to activate autophagy flux, which is related with TRAIL-induced cell death. Pretreatment with autophagy flux inhibitor, LY294002, inhibited gartanin-induced DR5 expression. In summary, our results reveal that the combined treatment of gartanin and TRAIL can be a valuable tool for cancer treatment.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.405-412
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• 2013

본 연구의 목적은 대도시 생활권 숲길이 갖고 있는 접근의 편의성에 비추어 인근 지역의 주민과 원거리 방문자의 숲길에 대한 방문동기와 만족의 차이를 파악함으로써 대도시 생활권 숲길을 효율적으로 관리할 수 있도록 이용자 측면에서의 기초자료를 제공함에 있다. 대구숲길을 이용하는 이용객을 대상으로 설문분석한 결과, 대구숲길 이용자는 휴양, 치유 방문목적으로 숲길을 이용하고자 하는 동기가 가장 높은 편이며, 이용자 집단 간의 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 또한 만족도와 관련하여 대구숲길 이용자는 전반적으로 숲길 이용에 만족하는 것으로 나타났으며, 마찬가지로 집단간의 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 다만, 숲길 시설과 관련하여 30분 이내 인근 생활권 이용자는 다른 집단에 비하여 유의한 차이로 불만족하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 숲길 인근 지역주민에게 적합한 휴양, 치유 목적의 잘 정돈된 시설과 프로그램을 정비하는 것이 우선적으로 고려되고 추진되어야 할 것으로 정책상 제안되었다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2005

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a well-known inducer of apoptotic cell death in many tumor cells. 1RAIL is expressed in human placenta, and cytotrophoblast cells express 1RAIL receptors. However, the role of TRAIL in human placentas and cytotrophoblast cells is not. well understood. In this study a trophoblast cell line, JEG-3, was used as a model system to examine the effect of TRAIL. on key intracellular signaling pathways involved in the control of trophoblastic cell apoptosis and survival JEG-3 cells expressed receptors for 1RAIL, death receptor (DR) 4, DR5, decoy receptor (OcR) 1 and DeR2. Recombinant human TRAIL (rhTRAIL) did not have a cytotoxic effect determined by MIT assay and did not induce apoptotic cell death determined by poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage assay. rhTRAIL induced a rapid and transient nuclear translocation of nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B(NF-{\kappa}B)$ determined by immunoblotting using nuclear protein extracts. rhTRAIL rapidly activated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) 1/2 as determined by immnoblotting for phospho-ERK1/2. However, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and Akt (protein kinase B) were not activated by rhTRAIL. The ability of 1RAIL to induce $NF-{\kappa}B$ and ERK1/2 suggests that interaction between TRAIL and its receptors may play an important role in trophoblast cell function during pregnancy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.4849-4852
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• 2015

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been investigated as an effective agent to treat various cancers. Cancer stem cells are resistant to TRAIL treatment, but the mechanism of TRAIL resistance remains unknown. In this study, brain cancer stem cells were isolated by CD133 magnetic sorting, and the number of CD133 positive cells detected by flow cytometry. The self-renewing capacity of brain cancer stem cells was examined by a neurosphere formation assay, and the percentage of cell death after TRAIL treatment was examined by an MTS assay. Expression of DR5, FADD, caspase 8 and BCL2 proteins was detected by western blot. The amount of CD133 positive cells was enriched to 71% after CD133 magnetic sorting. Brain cancer stem cell neurosphere formation was significantly increased after TRAIL treatment. TRAIL treatment also reduced the amount of viable cells and this decrease was inhibited by a caspase 8 inhibitor or by the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD (P<0.05). Brain cancer stem cells expressed lower levels caspase 8 protein and higher levels of BCL2 protein when compared with CD133 negative cells (P<0.05). Our data suggest that TRAIL resistance is related to overexpression of BCL2 and low expression of caspase 8 which limit activation of caspase 8 in brain cancer stem cells.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 1998

이용강도에 따른 충남대학교 교내 연습림의 산책로 훼손상태를 조사하기 위하여 3개의 주요 산책로를 선정하였다. 산책로의 훼손상태조사 항목은 산책로폭, 나지노출폭, 최대깊이, 산책로물매였고, 훼손이 발생한 지역에서는 훼손의 형태를 뿌리노출(Root-exposed), 종침식(Deeping), 암석노출(Rock-exposed), 노폭확대 (Widening), 분기(Diverged), 등의 항목을 조사였다. 전체 산책로의 훼손유형을 조사한 결과 노폭확대, 암반노출, 근계노출의 순서로 나타으며, 산책로의 훼손된 지점의 경사도와 최대깊이는 훼손지와 비교하여 뚜렸한 차이를 보이는 것으로 조사되었다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2010

This study carried out to develop barrier-free certification program in forest trail. It is done to provide the certification system presented about certification organized, certification standard and indexes, evaluation method and operation plan. In order to develop certification program in forest trail, detailed measurement index must be developed earlier based on an accessbility, a stability, a preservation and a walking continuity. The suitable forest trail for weak pedestrian was investigated that running slope should be 1/20(5%) maximum, cross slope cannot exceed 1/50(2%) maximum and clear tread width should be above of minimum 90cm. In addition, the trail type is designed as a mixed trail system which is a combination of the loop and the line form and its distance should be 225~675m. Finally, forest trail should be manage sustainably by having regular monitoring and evaluation.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.39-50
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• 1998

The object of this study was to examine and analyze the environmental deterioration of three major trails and around peak area of Moaksan Provincial park in 1996. Trails are mostly made up at ridgeline and the slope of them is gentle. Mean trail width is 3.6m, and total length of branch trails is 982m in survey area. The environmental deterioration is derived from trail extension. Maximum eroded depth and cross-section area loss are 89cm and 14,050cm2 respectively, and gully erosion type appears at many sites. The environmental deterioration of trails is very heavy at the sections from Khui to Moaksan peak and from Moakchong to ascent part around the peak. The entire width, branch trail, maximum depth, cross-sectional area loss and surface roughness, as the indexes of trail conditions, are significantly greater at the more heavily used trails. Amount of erosion is influenced by eroded depth, longitudinal slope, runoff influence and entire width in descending order as well as the amount of use. Safety and protection facilities on the trail such as stone and soil stairs, rope handrail, stone channel and soil ditch work are built, but they are very deficient. Bared lands about 4,900m2 and fill slopes are caused and formed by recreation activities and constructions around peak area. It is required to carry the recess system and to conserve and rehabilitate the destroyed trail sites and bare fill slopes as soon as possible, before the environmental deterioration becomes critical because of increased used amount in consequence of construction of recreation parks.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.63-68
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• 1990

속리산 국립공원의 등산로 훼손과 주연부 식생에 대한 이응영향을 파악하기 위해 1990년에 조사를 실시하였다. 등산로폭, 나지노출폭 및 최대깊이는 이용강도에 따른 차이가 인정되었고, 전체 52개 조사지점에서 관찰된 훼손형태는 매우 다양하였으며, 훼손된 지점의 등산로 상태 중 등산로폭, 나지노출폭, 최대깊이와 등산로물매는 건전한 지정의 상태와 유의한 차이를 보였다. 등산로 주연부의 상충수관에 있어서 우점수종은 해발이 높아짐에 따라 중사자암코스에서 졸참나무$\longrightarrow$굴참나무, 소나무$\longrightarrow$신갈나무, 비로산장코스에서 소나무, 굴참나무$\longrightarrow$신갈나무로 바뀌고 있으며, 국수나무, 노린재나무가 중사자암코스에서 높은 상대우점치를 나타내고, 생강나무, 쇠물푸레나무가 비로산장코스에서 높은 상대우점치를 보이고 있다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.316-321
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• 2011

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)에 의한 트립토판 대사체의 생성은 T 세포에 강력한 억제효과를 미치지만 여전히 그 작용기전에 대한 연구보고는 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구자는 트립토판 대사체 3-HAA가 선택적으로 활성 T 세포의 사멸을 촉진시키는 효과가 있음을 확인하였고, 이는 세포주기 억제와는 관련이 없었다. 3-HAA 처리 시 활성 T 세포에서 TRAIL과 그의 수용체의 발현이 현저히 증가하고, 이들 상호작용을 차단하였을 때 3-HAA-매개 활성 T 세포사멸 효과가 유의하게 낮아졌다. 본 연구를 통해 트립토판 대사체 3-HAA의 선택적 T 세포 억제 효과가 TRAIL-유도 세포사멸과 관련됨을 알 수 있다.