• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.891-899
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• 2022

This study investigated whether an educational program could alter students' perceptions of the causes of and solutions to climate change. On October 23, 2020, a 3-hour climate change educational program was provided to 400 high school students in Suncheon City, (Jeonnam Province, South Korea). According to the program, climate change represents a social dilemma, or tragedy of the commons; it also asserts that collective action aimed at strengthening government policy is the optimal solution to climate change, and concludes that motivated citizens should convey their opinions directly to the government through political action. After the program, the students made and shared placards calling for policy-based responses to climate change. Questionnaires completed by the students before and after the program revealed that their perceptions of the causes of and solutions to climate change changed significantly. This case study indicates that education programs have the potential to alter students' perspectives and promote actions aimed at mitigating and adapting to climate change.

• Bulletin of Korea Environmental Preservation Association
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• s.400
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• pp.5-7
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• 2012

미국의 생물학자 G.J.Hardin은 1968년 12월 13일자 "사이언스"에 기고한 논문 "공유지의 비극(The Tragedy of the Commons)"을 통해 공공재(公共財)가 가지는 태생적 비극을 간파한 바 있다. 합리적인 개인은 공공재를 사용함에 있어 비용보다는 이익이 크기 때문에 공공재가 소멸될 때까지 사용할 것이고, 모든 사람이 그렇게 행동한다면 결과적으로는 개개인을 포함한 공동체 전부의 피해로 귀결될 수 밖에 없다는 것이다.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.15-17
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• 2016

Purpose - During the past twenty years, China has developed rapidly in economy. Meanwhile China's economic development has brought great many problems. Sustainable development is to achieve coordination in the ecological, economic and social aspects. Among them, the environment and resource issues are the most critical issues which affecting sustainable development in China. With China's rapid economic development, China's ecological environment is facing the most serious threat in water pollution, air pollution, solid waste pollution and the destruction of forests and biodiversity, resulting in a significant loss of the national economy. This research aims to examine whether the tragedy of the commons has hindered the sustainable development of China's economy or not. On the other hand, we try to analyze a solution to improve this situation. Research design, data, and methodology - Theoretical background study, finding optimization models, and data analysis. Results - In the case of a clear definition of property rights, the air will have a market price. The market price will coordinate pollutant emissions. Conclusions - The tragedy of commons has hindered the sustainable development. The model of China's Economic development should be changed.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.458-476
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• 2023

This study analyzes previous research on 'The Self-Governance of the Commons' to overcome 'The Tragedy of the Commons', and derives elements for successful commons management. These factors are compared and analyzed with the social and economic attributes of the Jeju Haenyeo community, a successful community self-governance model. In addition, in the recently changing environment, it is revealed whether this internal community mechanism can be useful in the future. The goal is to reveal what social and economic factors will help the sustainability of the Jeju haenyeo community in the future. As a result of analyzing the internal operating mechanism of the Jeju haenyeo community, the production and distribution system that improves trust and reciprocity, the inherent sense of community, the division of roles between formal and informal organizations, and the institutionalized explicit and implicit norms within the organization served as internal and external strengths of community sustainability. However, the closure of the network, the crisis of productivity, the weakening of homogeneity, and the emergence of new subjects acted as internal and external weaknesses. In conclusion, for the sustainability of the Jeju Haenyeo community, it is necessary to reorganize the reproductive function of labor using the haenyeo school, to maintain clarity on the subject of livelihood and cultural transmission, and guarantee the income of Haenyeo.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.67-86
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• 2013

This study first provides a stylized model that captures the essential features of the SC (Social Commerce) business and the competition process. The model focuses on the relationship between key decision issues such as marketing inputs and market value. As more SCs join the industry, they are inevitably faced with fierce competition, which may lead to sharp increase in the total marketing and advertising expenditure. This type of competition may lead the industry away from its optimal development path, and at worst, toward a disruption of the entire industry ecosystem. Such being the case, another goal of this study is to examine the possibility that the ToC (Tragedy of the Commons) may occur in the SC industry. We build game models, each of which assumes homogeneity and heterogeneity of SC providers, respectively, and derive explicit equilibrium solutions from both models. Our basic analysis presents Nash equilibria in both models and shows that SC providers are inevitably faced with fierce competition, which may lead to sharp increase in the total marketing expenses. We also compare the game outcomes with one with a hypothetical social planner who determines the total marketing level that optimizes the entire market value. Then, ToC can be defined to describe the situation where the total marketing efforts exceed the socially optimal level of marketing efforts. In both models, we examine the possibility of the ecosystem disruption and specify the conditions under which ToC may occur. However, the chance of avoiding ToC is higher with heterogeneous players than with homogeneous players. To supplement our analytical results, we develop a simulation model which incorporates a market dynamics based on the gap between actual marketing efforts and socially optimal marketing level. Simulation experiments present some lessons and insights which also confirm out findings from equilibrium analysis. For example, heterogeneity in SC providers alleviates the severity of ToC and makes it faster for survivors to escape from the ToC trap. As a result, the degree of industrial concentration tends to increase, which also explains the 'rich-get-richer' phenomenon observed in some empirical studies on the SC industry. Lastly, based on our analytical and experimental results, we come up with some measures to avoid ToC and overcome the shortcomings intrinsic to the current business model. And further discussions provide strategic implications and policy directions to overcome the possible trap of ToC in this ecosystem, and eventually help the industry to sustainably develop itself toward the next level. To name a few examples of policy measures, regulations on the marketing activities so that the overall marketing expenses cannot go beyond the socially optimal level; institutional guidelines and rules to straightening up the distortions in the way that SC providers view the marketing costs (the current marketing costs are underestimated, thereby encouraging SC providers to increase marketing expenditure); and so on.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.169-178
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• 2017

Our society has been dominated by the Dilemma Theory that rational individuals cannot get out of the 'Tragedy of the Commons' without helps from state or market. However, many empirical researches have discovered cases that common pool resources could be managed by cooperative methods of community. Based on the possibility of managing common pool resources by residents' cooperation/solidarity revealed by the recent case researches, this study aims to seek for the theoretical basis to prove it. Generally, public policies are carried forward based on the theoretical basis of the relevant social issues. The objective of this study is to suggest the new direction of policies related to domestic common resources through the researches on community's role in managing local common pool resources represented as "scenic spot". For this, it aims to reveal the influence of community activity on behavioral intention of local common pool resources, by drawing/quantitatively measuring measurement items of local residents' community activity on top of attitude, norms, and behavioral control suggested by the existing Theory of Planned Behavior. The results of this study are as follows; 4 factors such as attitude toward behavior, subjective norm, perceived behavior control, and community activity were all factors that influenced intention to manage.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.5-24
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• 2016

This study structurally analyzes major inefficiency of Korea's healthcare delivery system by utilizing the systems thinking. In particular, the phenomenon of patient's concentrated visits to large hospitals, waste of resource due to competitions between clinics and large hopitals, and the structure of oversupply were visualized using the causal loop diagram. The inefficient structure of healthcare delivery system can be understood more clearly by utilizing the major system archetypes of 'success to the successful', 'tragedy of commons', 'escalation' and 'limits to growth'. This study also finds solution from archetypal structure suggested by Wolstenholme. The inefficient status of healthcare delivery system might be explained by the 'out of control' archetype. In conclusion, the public resources such as the national health insurance need to be acknowledged as the entire achievement. All the participants should cooperate with each other in order to improve the inefficiency of the healthcare delivery system. In addition, the arrangement of incentive system for cooperation, acceleration of health information technology, and development of innovative business models make the sustainable healthcare delivery system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.12 no.2 s.25
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• pp.115-123
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• 2006

The policy regime of ocean is changed from ocean liberty paradigm to ocean management paradigm. Ocean resources have the characteristics of weak excludability and strong rivalry. Therefore, they need rational ocean management so as to curb the tragedy of commons. The important ocean issues and policy regimes today is ocean pollution, coastal management, sea-level rise, fishery, whaling, ocean jurisdictions, deep seabed resources, military security, piracy, ecological environmental security and so on. This paper aims at reviewing these major international ocean issues, the policy regimes for them, and the desirable tasks of ocean policy regimes in the future from the macro perspective of international ocean politics or policy-making.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
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• 2008.10b
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• pp.547-550
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• 2008

인터넷 서비스가 차별화 되어야 한다는 논의는 인터넷이 본격적으로 상용화된 1990넌대 중반부터 꾸준하게 제기되어 왔다. Tragedy of commons 라고 불리는 인터넷 혼잡현상은 지속적인 기술발전으로 인해서 상당부분 해결되었으나, 최근 들어서는, Web 2.0의 등장을 통해 동영상 파일이 차지하는 비중이 늘어나면서 P2P를 통한 파일교환이 전체 인터넷 트래픽의 상당 부분을 차지하면서, 또한 실시간 미디어, VoIP 등의 인터넷 응용 프로그램 등에서 전송상의 지연을 포함한 QoS 보장을 요구하게 되면서, 또한 통신사업자의 망중립성에 관한 논의가 진행되면서, 인터넷 서비스를 차별화하고, 통제하려는 연구의 중요성이 증대되고 있다. 본 연구는 인터넷 서비스를 차별화하기 위한 수단으로 기존에 제시되어온 자격과 우선순위라는 2개의 차원에서 그리고 가격제도로서 종가제와 종량제의 차원에서 배경을 검토해본 다음, 우선 대기열 이론과 혼잡성 제어 이론을 통해서 차별화된 서비스가 전체 시스템에어떤 구체적으로 효익을 가져오는 지를 검토하며, 우선순위와 사용시간에 따라 차별화되는 종량제가 현실에서 발견되지 않는 이유에 대한 이론적인 근거를 제시하고, 종량제를 채택했을 경우에 발생하는 문제점과 종량제 사용에서 발생하는 한계들을 논의하면서, 현실적으로 종량제와 차별가격을 도입할 때 발생할 수 있는 문제점들을 밝혀본다.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.151-161
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• 2022

As Internet traffic surges due to global CPs, a request to share network investment costs has emerged in the industry. This has significantly changed the issue of the principle of network neutrality from accessibility to network fee. Some of the academic researchers had a negative view to network fees in the Internet space. However, in the industry, a number of disputes have occurred and some have escalated into court battles, and attention has been focused on the court's decision. The courts began to accept fee-for-service under network neutrality, and the government responded quickly by revising regulations. However, it still focuses on service stability, and there is no regulation that directly stipulates payment of network fee. In the study, changes in network neutrality were verified by analyzing cases of disputes between operators, court judgments, and improvement of regulations. And referring to the tragedy of the commons, the restoration of the correct price signal based on the principle of beneficiary pays was suggested as the most important solution. The payment of network fee by CP is one of the solutions.