• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2022

Recently the use of personal mobility devices is rapidly increasing, and the businesses related to personal mobility devices are quickly growing as well. Although the use of personal mobility devices provides convenience for short distance movements, many problems occur due to the lack of safety devices and the absence of associated road traffic laws. The number of accidents caused by using personal mobility devices continues increasing every year, and the injuries or deaths are seriously happening with those accidents. When using personal mobility devices, there are basic safety precautions such as wearing a helmet, prohibiting boarding with more than two people, prohibiting boarding with more than 100kg, prohibiting using after drinking alcohol, and so on. However, it is exposed to traffic accidents because there is no way to check before using the system. Therefore, to ensure the user's safety in using the electric kickboard among personal mobility devices, this paper proposes a system that can check the user's safety state before using the electric kickboard. It is possible to safely use personal mobility devices and prevent accidents by proposing a system structure of the electric kickboard that can be used after checking for the use of more than two people, overweight, wearing a helmet, and drinking alcohol.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.101-107
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• 2014

Purpose: Recently, the population of elderly people has been increasing rapidly all over the world. The social activities of the aging population have increased, which has also increased the number of elderly patients injured in traffic accidents. Thus, we analyzed the characteristics of elderly patients involved in traffic accidents. Methods: This study was conducted retrospectively from July 2008 to March 2009 among trauma patients involved in traffic accidents who visited Wonju Severance Christian Hospital. Patients under 18 years of age and pregnant patients were excluded. We divided the patients in two groups, a geriatrics group and an adult group on the basis of an age of 65. We compared the types of traffic accidents, the locations of the accidents, the behaviors of the patients at the times of the accidents, the use of seat-belts, and alcohol consumption between the two groups. We calculated the Revised Trauma Score (RTS), Injury Severity Score (ISS), and Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) for each group. Results: Total number of the included patients was 903, and the number of elderly patients was 181 (mean age: $71.7{\pm}4.9$ years old). There were no significant differences in the initial vital signs, GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale), and RTS between the two groups. There were differences in the types and the locations of the crashes, the behaviors of the patients at the times of the accidents, the use of seat belts, and alcohol consumption between the two groups (p<0.05). The average ISS of the geriatric group was higher than that of the adult group ($9.66{\pm}10.11$ vs. $6.59{\pm}8.99$, p=0.004). The mortality was higher in the geriatric group (n=17,9%) than in the adult group (n=23,2%) (p=0.004). Conclusion: The numbers of mortalities and surgical procedures were greater within the elderly group than the adult group. The average ISS was higher in the geriatric group than in the adult group. The severity of injuries due to traffic accidents was higher in the geriatric group than it was in the adult group.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2020

대형 교통사고는 많은 인명피해를 동반한다. 교통사고를 효율적으로 대처하기 위해선 하루 동안 발생할 수 있는 최대 교통사고 수와 사망자 수, 중상자 수가 정량적으로 제시되어야 한다. 본 연구는 교통사고분석시스템에서 제공하는 2005년부터 2018년까지 전국에서 발생한 일 최대 교통사고 수, 사망자 수, 중상자 수 자료를 사용하여 15년, 30년, 50년에 한 번 발생할 수 있는 최대값을 제시하고자 한다. 지역별 교통사고의 특성을 살펴보기 위해 수도권, 충청권, 경북권, 호남권, 경남권으로 구분하여 일반화극단치분포(GEV분포)에 적합시켰다. GEV분포의 모수는 L-적률추정법으로 추정하였고, Anderson Darling 검정과 Cramer-von Mises 검정으로 분포의 적합성을 확인하였다. 분석결과 50년에 한 번 발생할 수 있는 일 최대 교통사고 수는 수도권 401건, 경남권 168건, 경북권 455건, 충청권 136건, 호남권 205건이다. 인구수와 자동차 등록수가 많은 수도권에 비해 경북권은 면적이 넓고 산지지형이 많으며 산업공단으로 인한 물류이동이 많아 교통사고 수가 상대적으로 높게 나타났다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.150-158
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• 2006

Purpose: There are two theories about the relationships between facial fractures and cranial injuries. One is that facial bones act as a protective cushion for the brain, and the other is that facial fractures are the marker for increased risk of cranial injury. They have been debated on for many years. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between facial fractures and cranial injuries. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 242 patients with facial fractures. The data were analyzed based on the medical records of the patients: age, gender, cause of injury, Injury Severity Score (ISS), alcohol intake, type of facial fractures, and type of cranial injury. The patients were divided into two groups: facial fractures with cranial injury and facial fractures without cranial injury. We compared the general characteristics between the two groups and evaluated the relationship between each type of facial fracture and each type of cranial injury. Results: Among the 242 patients with facial bone fractures, 96 (39.7%) patients had a combination of facial fractures and cranial injuries. Gender predilection was demonstrated to favor males: the ratio was 3:1. The mean age was $36.51{\pm}19.63$. As to the injury mechanism, traffic accidents (in car, out of car, motorcycle) were statistically significant in the group of facial fractures with cranial injury (p=0.038, p=0.000, p=0.003). The ISS was significant, but alcohol intake was not significant. No significant relationship between facial fractures and skull fractures was found. Only maxilla fractures, zygoma fractures, and cerebral concussion had a significant difference in cranial injury (p=0.039, p=0.025). Conclusion: There is a no correlation between facial fractures and skull fractures, which suggests that the cushion effect is the predominent relationship between facial fractures and cranial injuries.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2014

Purpose: Trauma is one of the most common causes of death for children, and identifying severely injured children quickly in an overcrowded emergency room (ER) is difficult. Therefore, severe injury must be prevented, and the severity of injuries in children must be determined easily from their general characteristics and pre-hospital factors. Methods: Injured children younger than 15 years of age who visited the ER from June 2011 to May 2013 were enrolled. According to the revised trauma score (RTS) of the patients, the study population was divided in two groups, a severe group (RTS<7) and a mild group ($RTS{\geq}7$). The general characteristics and the pre-hospital factors were compared between the two groups. Results: Six hundred seventy-three children were enrolled, their mean age was 8.03 (${\pm}4.45$) years, and 476 (70.73%) patients were male. Of these patients, 22 patients (3.27%) were in the severe group, and 651 patients (96.73%) were in the mild group. Fewer males were in the severe group than in the mild group (50.00% vs. 71.43%, p=0.030), and children in the severe group were younger than children in the mild group (3.50 vs. 8.00 years, p=0.049). In the severe group, toddlers (54.55%, p=0.036) were the most common age group. Severe injuries occurred more often in spring (32.81%) and summer (54.56%) than in autumn (9.09%) and winter (4.55%) (p=0.026). The most common places of injury in the severe group were roads (50.00%, p=0.009), and the most common mechanisms of injury in the severe group were traffic accidents (50.00%), followed by falls (31.82%) (p=0.011). Most severely injured children were transferred by ambulance (72.73%, p=0.000). Conclusion: The results of this study may be helpful for identifying severely injured children quickly in the field and the ER. To prevent severe pediatric injuries, precautions and policies based on these results should be established.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.151-160
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• 2020

Background: Blood stasis (BS) is commonly used for pattern identification in traumatic injuries, including traffic accidents (TAs). Various studies have identified the efficacy of Korean medicine treatments for TA patients, but studies focusing on the BS-based herbal medicine (BSHM), including Tongdo-san (TDS), are rare. Methods: This was a single-center, prospective observational study, conducted from August 24^th, 2018 to December 27^th, 2018, which included 40 TA patients. Participants underwent routine Korean medicine treatments including acupuncture, electronic moxibustion, cupping, physical therapy, and herbal medicine. In the herbal medicine treatment, participants took BSHM with more than 3 days including taking TDS. The primary outcome measures were the scores from a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS) and numerical rating scale (NRS). Secondary outcome measures included scores from EuroQol-5 dimension (EQ-5D) and EQ-VAS questionnaires, the BS and cold/heat indices, and safety assessments. Results: There were significant improvements in the VAS, NRS, EQ-5D, EQ-VAS scores, and BS index after treatment. In the sub-analysis, VAS, NRS, EQ-5D, and EQ-VAS scores were higher in groups with a higher BS index. The moderate and severe BS index groups showed more improvement than the minor BS index group, and there was a significant difference in the EQ-5D scores. There was no significant differences observed in cold/heat index groups scores. Conclusion: BS is associated with TA-related symptoms. BSHM, including TDS, may significantly reduce BS, pain, and discomfort.

• 대한추나의학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2005

Objectives : The purpose of the study was to find out the characteristic of patients admitted in Oriental Medical Hospital We to traffic accident and to promote the superiority of oriental medical treatment on the sequelae. Methods : 84 inpatients were analyzed statistically according to medical charts, hospitalized from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2004. Results and Conclusions : By gender, males accounted for 38.1%, while females 61.9%. By age, most incidences occurred in the forties (25%), thirties (22.6%) and twenties (16.6%) in order. With regard to the interval from occurrence of accidents to hospitalization, 26 cases (31%) were found to be hospitalized 41 days after the accidents, followed by 21 cases (25%) in $11{\sim}20$ days and 17 cases (202%) in $1{\sim}2$ days. Most cases tumed out to be minor injuries with 40 patients from cervical sprain (47.6%) and lumbar sprain (37%). The mean duration of hospitalization was $36.58{\pm}48.30$ days Inpatients of paralysis of extremities (sequelae of ICH) numbered the longest stay $(121.00{\pm}75.57\;days)$, cervical sprain that recorded $11.28{\pm}6.52$ days hospitalized. Most of inpatients were treated with acupuncture(100%), moxibustion, cupping therapy (97.6%) and herbal medication(96.4%), chuna Manipulation therapy was chosen selectively with sprain, HIVD.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.270-274
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• 2018

Background: Nasal bone fractures occur frequently because the nasal bone is located at the forefront of the face. The goal of this study was to examine the cause, change in severity, change in incidence, and demographics of nasal bone fracture according to today's lifestyle. Methods: A total of 2,092 patients diagnosed as having nasal bone fractures at our department between 2002 and 2017 were included in this study. We retrospectively examined patients' medical records to extract information regarding age, sex, cause of injury, combined facial bone fractures, and related injuries such as skull base fracture, spinal cord injury, brain hemorrhage, and other bone fractures. Fracture severity was classified by nasal bone fracture type. Results: No statistically significant difference was found in annual number of patients treated for nasal bone fracture. The proportion of patients who underwent closed reduction was significantly decreased over time for those with nasal bone fractures caused by traffic accidents. However, it was not significantly changed for those with nasal bone fractures due to other causes. The number of patients with combined facial bone fractures increased over time. Incidences of severe nasal bone fracture also increased over time. Conclusion: The study suggested that there is a decrease in the frequency and increase in the severity of nasal bone fracture due to traffic accident. Many protective devices prevent nasal bone fractures caused by a small amount of external force; however, these devices are not effective against higher amounts of external force. This study highlights the importance of preoperative thorough evaluation to manage patients with nasal bone fractures due to traffic accident.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.30-38
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• 2022

회전교차로는 지난 10년동안 대형 교통사고 예방과 안전하고 원활한 통행을 도모하기 위하여 2020년 기준 1,564개소가 설치되어 운영되고 있으며 한국교통연구원에 의하면 사고건수는 연평균 43.8% 감소하고 사망사고가 50%, 중상사고가 48.1% 감소한 것으로 나타나 안전성에 관한 효과가 검증되고 있다. 그러나 초등학교 부근 등의 어린이보호구역과 같은 보행량이 많은 교차로는 대부분 신호교차로를 운영하고 있으며 회전교차로가 설치된 경우 보행자들의 안전성 확보가 취약한 실정으로 이에 대한 개선이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 보행자 중심의 회전교차로 설치방안에 대해 연구를 수행하기 위하여 VISSIM 프로그램을 통해 시뮬레이션을 수행하였으며 분석된 주요 결과는 회전교차로 교통량이 적정할 경우 도시부나 어린이보호구역에 위치한 회전교차로 횡단보도에 신호등을 설치하여 운영할 수 있고 보행자들의 통행 우선권 확보가 가능하며 이로 인해 안전한 통행을 도모할 수 있는 것으로 연구되었다.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.93-102
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• 2012

도시지역의 교통사고 중 교차로와 관련한 교통사고가 교통사고 건수와 교통사고 심각도에서 가로구간이나 횡단보도 관련 교통사고에 비해 높게 나타나고 있다. 특히 교차로에서 신호위반으로 인한 교통사고는 다른 교통사고유형과는 달리 중상과 경상에 관련된 교통사고비율이 높은 것으로 나타나고 있다. 이에 우리나라는 물론이고 많은 외국에서 신호위반으로 인한 교차로 교통사고를 줄이기 위하여 교차로 신호위반 단속카메라를 설치하고 있다. 이와 더불어 교차로 신호위반 단속카메라의 교통사고 감소에 미치는 효용에 대한 연구가 계속 이루어지고 있으나 신호위반 단속카메라만의 효과를 분석하기란 쉽지가 않다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 미국 Illinois주 Chicago시의 다운타운의 교차로 관련 데이터를 이용하여 SPF모형을 개발하고 개발된 모형을 활용하여 EB방법으로 교차로 신호위반 단속카메라의 효용에 대하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 목표로 지정한 교통사고 유형(측면직각추돌, 후방추돌, 같은 방향 측면추돌, 반대 방향 측면추돌, 회전시 추돌, 그리고 정면충돌)과 전체 교통사고유형 모두가 교차로 신호위반 단속카메라의 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 전반적으로 신호위반 단속카메라 사망사고가 약 26% 감소한 것으로 나타났으며, 전체 사고는 5.49% 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 대물교통사고의 경우 3.23% 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 목표로 한 사고유형에 대한 교통사고효과 분석에서는 사망사고는 약 38% 감소한 것으로 나타났으며 전체 사고의 경우 1.46% 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 대물교통사고의 경우 1.16% 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.