• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.78-88
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• 2018

As the traffic environment gradually changes to autonomous driving and intelligent transport systems, vehicles are becoming increasingly complicated and intelligent, and their connectivity is greatly expandinged. As a result, attack vectors of such vehicles increasing, and security threats further expanding. Currently, various solutions for vehicle security are being developed and applied, but the damage caused by cyber attacks is still increasing. In recent years, vehicles such as the Tesla Model S and Mitsubishi Outlander have been hacked and remotely controlled by an attacker. Therefore, there is a need for advanced security technologies to cope with increasingly intelligent and sophisticated automotive cyber attacks. In this article, we introduce the latest trends of autonomous vehicles and their security threats, as well as the current status and issues of security technologies to cope with them.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.51-58
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• 2018

Natural and social disasters, such as typhoons, floods, earthquakes, volcanoes, fires, explosions, and traffic accidents occur frequently around the world. In Korea, a vicious cycle of large-scale accidents caused by natural disasters and insensitivity to safety is repeated each year. In particular, the tragic sinking of the Sewol ferry in 2014 and strong earthquakes with a magnitude of 5.0 and greater in Gyeongju and Pohang in 2016 and 2017, respectively, threw the entire country into a state of shock, increasing the public anxiety regarding disaster preparedness. This paper discusses the trends in broadcast emergency alert systems used to minimize damage from a disaster by delivering urgent status information quickly and accurately through a broadcast network, and to provide information regarding disaster risk and emergency evacuation procedures.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.76-85
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• 2018

In recent years, automobiles have evolved from simple transportation to convergence devices, and have combined the Internet of things, high-speed communications, and artificial intelligence technologies to provide people with social and cultural benefits. To provide services such as a smart traffic analysis, autonomous driving, and unmanned driving, automobiles applying these technologies are required to perform various types of sensing and image analyses for vehicle recognition and distance measurements. addition, there has been a rapid increase in the need to introduce an automotive Ethernet, that can provide a wide bandwidth to support. such technologies. In this article, we survey the latest trends in automotive Ethernet based automobiles and their security threats, and analyze the status and prospects of security technologies applied to cope with them.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.24-33
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• 2018

In the age of IoT, in which everything is connected to a network, there have been increases in the amount of data traffic, latency, and the risk of personal privacy breaches that conventional cloud computing technology cannot cope with. The idea of edge computing has emerged as a solution to these issues, and furthermore, the concept of ultra-low power edge intelligent semiconductors in which the IoT device itself performs intelligent decisions and processes data has been established. The key elements of this function are an intelligent semiconductor based on artificial intelligence, connectivity for the efficient connection of neurons and synapses, and a large-scale spiking neural network simulation framework for the performance prediction of a neural network. This paper covers the current trends in ultra-low power edge intelligent semiconductors including issues regarding their technology and application.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.36-46
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• 2023

This paper presents concepts, policies, industry trends, and related issues in urban air mobility (UAM). UAM will contribute to transportation by mitigating traffic congestion and environmental problems in the future. Accordingly, governments of major countries are promoting UAM policies and demonstration projects as well as preparing laws and certification standards. In UAM, overseas startups lead airframe developments, and major companies from the aircraft, automotive, and information technology industries are also participating. In addition, startups and major companies are building the corresponding infrastructure. For the development of UAM, issues related to technology, regulation systems, and infrastructure still need to be resolved.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.47-58
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• 2018

PURPOSES : Seoul introduced public bicycles to reduce environmental pollution and create a healthy society. Because the use of bicycles is highly weather dependent, and bicycles are rented by the people, member characteristics and seasonal influences should be considered. This study analyzed bicycle traffic characteristics considering seasonal and member characteristics and highlighted some implications. METHODS : The Yeouido and Sangam districts, which have multiple business districts, were taken as the areas of interest. In order to reflect seasonal and membership characteristics, the traffic volume, time of use, and characteristics of each zone were categorized by season (spring, summer, autumn, winter) and membership type (season, daily, group). In addition, we analyzed the pattern of traffic volume and usage time according to the traffic purpose after separating rental locations into residential, business, subway, and park, reflecting the land characteristics. RESULTS : The results revealed that seasonal characteristics were high for bicycle traffic, time of use, and occupancy rate for park locations in spring and autumn. In terms of membership characteristics, group and daily users appeared as major visitors for park locations, and the trends of commuter pass users showed that bicycle use meets the purpose of introducing public bicycles. CONCLUSIONS : Traffic characteristics differed according to seasonal and membership characteristics. It is necessary to involve and extend the users of the commuter pass. Situations in which commuter pass users cannot function as a group or in which daily users monopolize bicycles (especially near parks, near subway stations, etc.) must be avoided.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.73-85
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze efficacy and safety of Korean Medicine treatment for traffic accidents during pregnancy. Methods: We investigated the studies on Korean Medicine treatment for traffic accidents during pregnancy via searching through PUBMED, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, and domestic search engines and a total of 6 studies were selected. Results: The major complaints of traffic accidents during pregnancy were low back pain, neck pain and gastrointestinal symptoms. And there were vaginal bleeding and pruritus vulvae in the complaints. All of the studies were given acupuncture treatment for symptom relief, and chuna, herbal acupuncture and cupping were administered. Herbal medicine was also performed, and the most prescribed herbal medicine was Antaeeum-gamibang. All cases reported as traffic accidents during pregnancy showed a reduction in symptoms, normal pregnancy maintenance and delivery, and no miscarriage were reported. Conclusions: Korean Medicine treatment is an effective and safe treatment option for traffic accidents during pregnancy. Further systematic studies are needed to establish the basis for Korean Medicine treatment for traffic accidents during pregnancy.

• Current Industrial and Technological Trends in Aerospace
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.143-153
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• 2008

This paper describes the current research trend and future development direction of autonomous flight of the aircraft. The autonomous flight means that aircraft control system recognize and cope with the emergency situation confronted during the flight by itself. Current research for autonomous flight technology is mainly performed for the application to unmanned air vehicle. Considering advent of future air traffic management system and increasing demand of the unmanned air vehicle application, however, autonomous flight technology required to be combined with future air traffic management system. In this paper, the current air traffic management system and anticipating change in future air traffic management system was investigated and research activities of autonomous flight technology was described as well as future prospect.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.31 no.5 s.121
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• pp.353-359
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• 2007

Effective plan and operation managements can be established in advance if the traffic volume of container ship will be forecasted in the trend for container port's cargo volume to increase. At the viewpoint for marine traffic the number of incoming and outgoing container ship can be presumed in the long run and organised rational plan to deal the demand of marine traffic on the basis. Therefore, the paper estimated the future traffic volume of incoming and outgoing container ship for Busan, Gwangyang, and Incheon port on a forecasting data basis of container volume suggested in the national ports base plan. The trends of volume per ship on container were estimated with ARIMA models and seasonal index was computed. Thus the traffic volume of container ship in the future was estimated computing with volume per ship in 2011,2015, and 2020 respectively.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.293-299
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• 2004

Traffic represents one of the largest sources of primary air pollutants in urban area. As a consequence, numerous abatement strategies are being pursued to decrease the ambient concentration of pollutants. A characteristics of most of the these strategies is a requirement for accurate data on both the quantity and spatial distribution of emissions to air in the form of an atmospheric emission inventory database. In the case of traffic pollution, such an inventory must be compiled using activity statistics and emission factors for vehicle types. The majority of inventories are compiled using passive data from either surveys or transportation models and by their very nature tend to be out-of-date by the time they are compiled. The study of current trends is towards integrating urban traffic control systems and assessments of the environmental effects of motor vehicles. In this study, a model of vehicle emission calculation by using real-time traffic data was studied. Traffic data, which are required on a street-by-street basis, is obtained from induction loops of traffic control system. It is possible that characteristics of hourly air pollutants emission rates is obtained from hourly traffic volume and speed. An emission rates model is allocated with a high resolution space by using geographic information system (GIS). Vehicle emission model was developed with a high resolution spatial, gridded and hourly emission rates.