• Journal of Korean Medical Ki-Gong Academy
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.109-126
• /
• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of inpatients who were admitted to Korean medicine hospital due to traffic accident. Methods : We analyzed statistical study in 137 patients, who had admitted to M korean medicine hospital, in Gimpo city, Gyeonggi Province from January 1st, 2017 to June 31th, 2017 according to medical charts. Results : 1. In distribution according to age and sex, people in their 50s numbered the most. The 137 inpatients comprised of male (46.0%) and female (54.0%). 2. In distribution according to types of accident, Rear-end collision accident numbered the most (34.3%), followed by Frontal collision (21.2%) and Lateral collision (14.6%). 3. In distribution according to duration of treatment, most (54.7%) patients discharged within 1 week, followed by 1 week to 2 weeks(37.2%) 4. In distribution according to mean elevation of symptoms, Neck pain was the most (75.9%) symptom, followed by Low back pain (67.2%), Shoulder pain (46.0%) and Headache (37.2%). 5. In distribution according to treatment results, symptom improvement was the most (62.8%), followed by excellent (19.7%), mild improvement (14.6%). 6. In distribution according to duration of treatment, Most frequently prescribed herbal decoction was Tongdosan (45.7%), followed by Dangguijakyaksangagam (29.6%), and most frequently prescribed extract powder was Yunkyopaedocksan and Ojeoksan (12.7%). Conclusions : This study shows that aftereffects from the traffic accident tend to occur with various symptoms in various age groups. Korean medicine treatments are effective in patient who were admitted to Korean medicine hospital due to traffic accident.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
• /
• 2018.06a
• /
• pp.49-49
• /
• 2018

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.285-295
• /
• 2001

We consider a queueing system under overload control to support bursty traffic. The queueing system under overload control is modelled by MMBP/D1/K queue with two thresholds on buffer. Arrival of customer is assumed to be a Markov-modulated Bernoulli process (MMBP) by considering burstiness of traffic. Analysis is done in discrete-time case. Using the generating function method, we obtain the stationary queue length distribution. Finally, the loss probability and the waiting time distribution of a customer are given.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.163-173
• /
• 2012

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to check the possibilities of traffic pattern analysis using MatSIM for urban road network operation in incident case. METHODS : One of the stochastic dynamic models is MatSIM. MatSIM is a transportation simulation tool based on stochastic dynamic model and activity based model. It is an open source software developed by IVT, ETH zurich, Switzerland. In MatSIM, various scenario comparison analyses are possible and analyses results are expressed using the visualizer which shows individual vehicle movements and traffic patterns. In this study, trip distribution in 24-hour, traffic volume, and travel speed using MatSIM are similar to those of measured values. Therefore, results of MatSIM are reasonable comparing with measured values. Traffic patterns are changed according to incident from change of individual behavior. RESULTS : The simulation results and the actual measured values are similar. The simulation results show reasonable ranges which can be used for traffic pattern analysis. CONCLUSIONS : The change of traffic pattern including trip distribution, traffic volumes and speeds according to various incident scenarios can be used for traffic control policy decision to provide effective operation of urban road network.

• Journal of IKEEE
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.140-149
• /
• 2009

Traffic anomaly detection is one of important technology that should be considered in network security and administration. In this paper, we propose an abnormal traffic detection mechanism that includes traffic monitoring and traffic analysis. We develop analytical passive monitoring system called WISE-Mon which can inspect traffic behavior. We establish a criterion by analyzing the characteristics of a traffic training set. To detect abnormal traffic, we derive a hyperplane by using Fisher linear discriminant and chi-square distribution as well as the analyzed characteristics of traffic. Our mechanism can support reliable results for traffic anomaly detection and is compatible to real-time detection. In addition, since the trend of traffic can be changed as time passes, the hyperplane has to be updated periodically to reflect the changes. Accordingly, we consider the self-learning algorithm which reflects the trend of the traffic and so enables to increase the pliability of detection probability. Numerical results are presented to validate the accuracy of proposed mechanism. It shows that the proposed mechanism is reliable and relevant for traffic anomaly detection.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2000.10a
• /
• pp.267-271
• /
• 2000

Traffic analysis during past years used the Poisson distribution or Markov model, assuming an exponential distribution of packet queue arrival. Recent studies, however, have shown aperiodic and burst characteristics of network traffics. Such characteristics of data traffic enable the scalability of network, QoS, optimized design, when we analyze new traffic model having a self-similar characteristic. This paper analyzes the self-similar characteristics of a small-scale mixed traffic in a network simulation, the real network Traffic.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.101-120
• /
• 1991

The Subject of this research work is to study the driver's vision and eye-movement ch-aracteristics under the diffrent condiction of road traffic and driving. The analysis of this investigation was conducted spatially or temporaly into three parts'eye-mark distribution, viewing-time percentage and fixation duration. This dissertation focuses on analysis of dr-iver's visual characteristics to improve road circumstamces. In this study driver's ch-aracteristics are measured with eye-mark recorder and analyzed statistically The main features of this study are : 1st Duration distribution of fixation point is significant in 87% at 5% of the significant level in Gamma Distribution. The average of fixation duration by road are 0.33sec on streets 0.45sec on Roads and 0.86sec on highways. The average of fixation duration by visual objects are 0.4sec on road surface 0.26sec on road shoulder 0.49sec on traffic sign 0.37sec on warning sign and 0.67sex on gwide sign. 2st Moving anglrs of a fixation point are fit in the Exponential Distribution. The average moving angle is appeared to be 3.85。 on streets 2.81。 on roads 2.73。 on highway and 5 。 on intersecyion. 3st As a result of examining alignment of guide and warning sign in traffic signs cxisting foundation methods are less affected by lane than by apeed of a vehicle.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
• /
• v.32A no.8
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 1995

In this paper, we consider the leaky bucket parameter dimensioning problem in the presence of the cell delay variation(CDV) which arises at the customer premises network dud to the multiplexing with other traffic streams. We consider an ATM multiplexer in which a single CBR stream and several heterogeneous VBR traffic streams are multiplexed. Choosing an MMPP model for the bursty traffic streams, we derive an (MMPP+DD)/D/1/K queueing model for the evaluation of the CDV experienced by the CBR stream. We first evaluate the equilibrium queue length distribution embedded at tagged-cell arrival-time instants, based on whcih we calcuate the inter-cell time distribution and the distribution kof the number of tagged-cell departures in an arbitrary interval. Then we apply the analysis to the dimensionging problem of the leaky bucket parameters, examining how the employed traffic model affects the determination of the bucket size. Through numerical examples, we confirm that the Poisson traffic model can underestimate the bucket size, thus causing a considerable blocking probability for compliant use cells while the MMPP model can optimally design the bucket size which keeps the blocking probability under the target value.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.103-111
• /
• 2000

The objectives of the study are to know the strain distribution and modal dynamic behaviour of steel bridge girders by actual traffic load. The live load effect depends on many parameters including the span length, gross vehicle weight, axle weight, axle configuration so on. For the estimation of static and dynamic characteristic, strain data caused by moving loads and traffic characteristics of passing vehicle under actual traffic load have measured using Bridge Weigh in Motion. To confirm the reliability of BWIM system, strain data measured using the $120{\Omega}$ strain gauge under the same condition. It is considered that the data acquired from BWIM system have reliability through the analysis and comparison between stress measured by strain data from BWIM and computed by FEM. Additionally according to the measured strain data of up-line and down-line on the highway, the up-line bridge grows more faster than the down-line bridge and girder 4 and 5 carry more load when vehicles pass the inner line and girder 2 and 3 does when vehicles pass the outer line as this case(the bridge composed with 5 girders).

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
• /
• 2006.11a
• /
• pp.599-617
• /
• 2006

A network model and a Genetic Algorithm(GA) is proposed to solve the simultaneous estimation of the trip distribution and traffic assignment from traffic counts in the congested networks in a logit-based Stochastic User Equilibrium (SUE). The model is formulated as a problem of minimizing the non-linear objective functions with the linear constraints. In the model, the flow-conservation constraints of the network are utilized to restrict the solution space and to force the link flows meet the traffic counts. The objective of the model is to minimize the discrepancies between the link flows satisfying the constraints of flow-conservation, trip production from origin, trip attraction to destination and traffic counts at observed links and the link flows estimated through the traffic assignment using the path flow estimator in the legit-based SUE. In the proposed GA, a chromosome is defined as a vector representing a set of Origin-Destination Matrix (ODM), link flows and travel-cost coefficient. Each chromosome is evaluated from the corresponding discrepancy, and the population of the chromosome is evolved by the concurrent simplex crossover and random mutation. To maintain the feasibility of solutions, a bounded vector shipment is applied during the crossover and mutation.