• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.659-671
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• 2013

Through Korean traditional opera (changgeuk) Medea, composer Hwang Ho-jun showed eclectic music idiom by 1) writing music (jakchang) on manuscript paper and score, 2) introducing the "song-through" format, 3) including various solo melodies, 4) maximizing the effect created by a singing narrator (dochang) with the chorus master and a mixed chorus, 5) seeking an interplay of tension and release by using both discord and chord, 6) achieving the effect of kil-bakkum, the Korean traditional method of modulation, through modulation and borrowed chord of Western music. In Medea, instrumentalists adopted suseong-banju (Korean traditional accompaniment) which does not spoil the voice of singers. Hwang adopted song for the way how singers express various hidden sides of play among song, aniri (narration) and balim (gesture) and introduced the Sung-through format in which the play is comprised entirely of song. In Medea, oral sounds expressing wail, lament, cheer, sneer and scream are often used and various solo melodies appear that fit for personalities of characters, clearly showing what bunchang (singers' singing songs divided according to characters) is all about. And discord and chord are effectively used according to the development and mood of play. Hwang also achieved successfully the effect of kil-bakkum by abandoning the traditional modulation method and boldly introducing modulation and borrowed chord of Western music.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2016

While the difficulty of the music can be classified by a variety of standard, conventional methods are classified by the subjective judgment based on the experience of many musicians or conductors. Music score is difficult to evaluate as there is no quantitative criterion to determine the degree of difficulty. In this paper, we propose a new classification method for determining the degree of difficulty of the music. In order to determine the degree of difficulty, we convert the score, which is expressed as a traditional music score, into electronic music sheet. Moreover, we calculate information about the elements needed to play sheet music by distance of notes, tempo, and quantifying the ease of interpretation. Calculating a degree of difficulty of the entire music via the numerical data, we suggest the difficulty evaluation of the score, and show the difficulty of music through experiments.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.19-34
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the empirical elements of non-Korean traditional musicians in the process of Pansori music listening. 5 non-Korean traditional musicians who are not professionally trained Korean music were participated in this study. The data were collected in depth interviews and analyzed from modified ground theory method. The findings showed that the elements of performer's voice, Chang-bub, contents, Gosu's buk sound and Gosu's role evoked various physical, emotional reponses and thoughts in all listeners. Through these responses the listeners awared internal issues related to inner problems and positive intervention aroused inner feelings. Also, emotional responses and awareness were reorganized their negative emotion and resolved through the different dimension of Pansori music.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.241-246
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• 2021

Ladysmith Black Mambazo is a group of men influenced by South African traditional Zulu a cappella and American black music. The Jubilee Choir of the United States came to South Africa in the 1870s and influenced South African music while performing. Ladysmith Black Mambazo's music can be the result of the combination of the indigenous Zulu a cappella and the American Jubilee music style. This group participated in Paul Simon's album "Graceland" and became world famous. The album won a Grammy Award for sales of millions of copies. After that, they released their own albums and won 5 times Grammy Awards (nominated 15 times) They inherited and developed Zulu music under the philosophy of "preserving musical heritage". As a samely non-Western country, with hope their spirit, inheriting old one and innovating new one, gives positive inspiration for Korean music, I investigated how their music, 'Black Is Beautiful', 'Homeless' are influenced by the western music and inherited their own traditional music in it.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.605-611
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• 2022

This study excludes how to define the concepts and categories of the Ah-ak(雅樂) and Sok-ak(俗樂). In the process from the early Joseon Dynasty to the late Joseon Dynasty, the aesthetic appreciation system of the Ah-Sok(雅俗) in traditional music, which is consistently projected on court music and folk music centered on Pungryubang, was revealed through specific historical records. Through this study, we were able to examine as follow : In the early Joseon Dynasty, the aesthetic of music related to the the Ah-Sok(雅俗) was mainly projected on the court's ritual music and Yeonhyangak-music for korean court banquet-, and in particular, the aesthetic thoughts of Geomungo[玄琴] was at the center. As we descend to the late Joseon Dynasty, the aesthetic of music related to the Ah-Sok(雅俗) has been expanded to the private sector, reflecting the aesthetic of Pungryubang music, and it can be seen that the aesthetic thought of Geomungo[玄琴] was at the center.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.180-190
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• 2022

This study reviews the current status of Korean traditional creative music groups that have entered the North American World Music market. It also explores some success factors and strategies behind the artists' sustainable activities in the region as well as improvements needed for the Korean government's support. For the purpose of realistic suggestions, music groups that have entered the North American World Music market and experts in artists' global activities have been interviewed for analysis. The interview questionnaire consisted of the following items: 1. how the music groups reached the North American market, 2. what made them successful, 3. what strategies they used to perform in the region, 4. what challenges they faced, and 5. how the government support could be improved. The study found the following success factors: the groups' participation in Korean and international music markets, existence of a local agency, uniqueness and popularity of Korean music, and possibility to organize workshops. It also identified the following challenges: absence of lucrative touring plans, complicated visa issuance, and limitations of networking. It is hoped that this research will provide useful information for music groups planning to enter the North American World Music market and that it will make some meaningful policy suggestions to relevant organizations.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.146-161
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• 2004

There have been always some difficulties in target setting and conditioning of acoustic performances of the Korean traditional music hall due mainly to the lack of the information on the sound radiation characteristics of Korean musical sources. In this study, the radiation characteristics of four typical Korean traditional musical sources were investigated in precision and their usage was demonstrated: The selected musical sources were Gayageum (string), Daegeum (woodwind), Jango (drum), and Pansori Chang (vocal performance). Each sound source was located at the center of a semi-anechoic chamber and the directivity was determined by the measured sound pressure levels in every 10° angular position, for both vertical and horizontal directions. The directivity pattern of Gayageum varies from a uniform to a complex pattern having many side lobes with the increase of frequency. The main radiation of Daegeum is toward the upward direction. The directivity pattern of Jango is clearly a side-oriented one and the left direction intensity is sharper than its right side at low frequencies. For the Chang, the directivity pattern change from a uniform pattern to a frontally directed one as the frequency goes high. Measured directional and spectral characteristics of traditional Korean music sources were implemented into the computation of architectural acoustic measures for the Busan National Korean Traditional Music Hall which is under construction. Parameters such as RT, SPL, C80, IE, STI were calculated at two receiver positions by using a ray tracing technique. Significant differences in the acoustic measures at receiver positions were observed between the results in using the omni-directional source and the directional one. It is thought that the suggested source data and design method can be used as a basic reference in the future acoustic design of performance halls for the Korean traditional music.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1997년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집; 한국전력공사 서울연수원; 17-18 Oct. 1997
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• pp.652-655
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• 1997

An exploration for an intelligence paradigm has been delineated. Artificial intelligence and artificial life paradigms seem to fail to show the whole picture of human intelligence. We may understand the human intelligence better by adding the emotional part of human intelligence to the intellectual part of human intelligence. Emotional intelligence is investigated in terms of composing machine as a modern abstract art. Various algorithmic composition and performance concepts are currently being investigated and implemented. Intelligent mapping algorithms restructure the traditional predetermined composition algorithms. Music based on fractals and neural networks is being composed. Also, emotional intelligence and aesthetic aspects of Korean traditional music are investigated in terms of fractal relationship. As a result, this exploration will greatly broaden the potentials of the intelligence research. The exploration of art in the view of intelligence, information and structure will restore the balanced sense, of art and science which seeks happiness in life. The investigations of emotional intelligence will establish the foundations of intelligence, information and control technologies.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2005

This paper proposes an automatic genre classification system for Korean traditional music. The Proposed system accepts and classifies queried input music as one of the six musical genres such as Royal Shrine Music, Classcal Chamber Music, Folk Song, Folk Music, Buddhist Music, Shamanist Music based on music contents. In general, content-based music genre classification consists of two stages - music feature vector extraction and Pattern classification. For feature extraction. the system extracts 58 dimensional feature vectors including spectral centroid, spectral rolloff and spectral flux based on STFT and also the coefficient domain features such as LPC, MFCC, and then these features are further optimized using SFS method. For Pattern or genre classification, k-NN, Gaussian, GMM and SVM algorithms are considered. In addition, the proposed system adopts MFC method to settle down the uncertainty problem of the system performance due to the different query Patterns (or portions). From the experimental results. we verify the successful genre classification performance over $97{\%}$ for both the k-NN and SVM classifier, however SVM classifier provides almost three times faster classification performance than the k-NN.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.239-245
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• 2020

The Ewha Music Database (EMDB) is an online database comprised of primary source materials related to music education from East Asia during the modern era (1880 to 1945) when Korea, Japan, and China were geopolitically and culturally intertwined. We developed the incipit search in EMDB as an embedded tool. This is the first attempt in Korea to implement a unique search function of musical data using alphabets of musical notes. Unlike in traditional search system that uses general literature information search conditions, such as author, title, publisher, year, number of pages, etc., it offers a new way of searching a musical piece/work and sheet music. This study confirms that digital information technology is an important methodology for research of music culture as a field of humanities.