• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.51-61
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the economic value of Multi-functionality Roles including landscape and so on, which traditional stone fences in Korea possess, using Dichotomous Choice Contingent Valuation Method (DC-CVM). The stone fences is life cultural heritance of regional residents. It has functions like Development of Favorable Landscapes, Maintenance of Cultural Heritage, and Recreation/Relaxation. Expectation from regional visitors shows that the existence and inheritance value of the stone wall is higher then we expected. According to the research that we had done from the people that had agreed to contribute the stone wall. moreover the public commercial value of regional tradition stone was not only 2,900 billion won but also it will increase an economic gain in every year. Therefore, preserving the stone wall that has Multi-functional Roles and values can lead to huge economic value in the future. But farmhouses in the stone wall conservation area are being supported 9 billion won in every year. This is only 0.03% of the income that farmhouse earns per year. Thus, stone wall preservation policy and plan can raise green-tour commercial value of inland area as a long-term inside measurement. Those will have to be propelled continuously.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.249-256
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• 2015

Islands are often habitats to unique species because they have different environmental conditions from the mainland and other islands. Another characteristic of islands is their limited natural resources, which has led island residents to heavily rely on traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) and use resources sustainably. The so-called "Maeul landscape" shows the interrelationship of biological species and people's use of natural resources. Shinan-gun is an administrative district located in the southwestern part of Korea that forms an archipelago with huge tidal flat areas. Since long ago, people's use of these tidal flats shows a high degree of biocultural diversity. Maeul landscapes also show humans' adaptation to the natural environment. For instance, strong winds blowing mainly from the northwest have led people in Shinan-gun to create "Ushil," a windbreak forest with stone blocks to block wind from their villages and agricultural fields. At present, the transfer of TEK to future generations is at stake due to socio-economic changes that cause island populations to shrink and age rapidly. Islands are often regarded as good destinations for tourism, but attention should also be given to sustainable development due to the environmental characteristics of islands. International organizations are making efforts to curb the threats of global environmental problems especially on small islands. Their activities are aimed at seeking solutions that stress the central role of biocultural diversity in establishing the sustainable use of natural resources on islands. Joint efforts oflocal people and government authorities to protect and conserve the Maeul landscape should be encouraged.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.9-15
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• 2011

Many Korean palaces such as Deoksu Palace and Kyungbok Palace are located in downtown Seoul. Modern high-rise buildings around the palace have been the background scenery of traditional architecture in it. In this case, such landscapes mixed with traditional images and contemporary images can give a negative impression to visitors watching from inside the palace. In this study, we analysed the correlation between landscape image of Deoksu Palace and trees' view blockage of buildings around it with three independent variables. The first variable is completely blocked view of buildings around the palace by the trees. The second variable is half-blocked view of buildings around the palace by the trees. The third variable is the view of buildings around the palace that is not blocked by the trees. The analysis showed that there were some significant correlations between landscape image of Deoksu Palace and trees' view blockage of buildings around it. It also showed that the view blockage ratio by the trees has positive correlation with improvement of landscape image of the palace.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.83-93
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to investigate consumer perception and importance of food tourism properties and performance of the properties in Sangju province of Gyeongsangbuk-do. The study has found that persons who have food tourism experiences (75 persons, 50.7%) had slightly more than not experience persons (72 persons, 48.6%). Additionally, most of the respondents were usually satisfied with the local foods. Also, it was found that food tourism had been taken 1-2 times per 6 months (48 persons, 64.0%) on average, and 135 persons (91.2%) had intention of experiencing food tourism. According to the result of Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) on consumers' food tourism properties, high importance was on 'There are attractive landscapes.' ($4.52\;{\pm}\;0.56$), 'Accommodations with reasonable price.' ($4.18\;{\pm}\;0.80$), and 'The food of the area is famous.' ($4.15\;{\pm}\;0.73$); and the properties such as 'There are local specialty shops or markets selling local produce.' ($3.03\;{\pm}\;0.83$), 'The climate is temperate.' ($3.03\;{\pm}\;0.87$), and 'There are attractive landscapes.' ($3.02\;{\pm}\;0.98$) showed average performance. A factor analysis about consumers' importances to the food tourism properties shows that the factors were divided into four kinds and each of the factors were named as 'convenience-stable propensity', 'valued-oriented propensity', 'adventurous-aggressive propensity' and 'traditional-active propensity'. Variance ratios of each factor were 22.319%, 10.286%, 8.723% and 6.239%, respectively. According to the result of a reliability analysis, Cronbach's alpha value was 0.8621, implying that reliability of each item was very high. Therefore, it is considered that development of food tourism products and promotion strategies therefore should be designed based on the importance of food tourism properties hereafter.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.71-83
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to find out the characteristics of landscape details in representing symbolic images in memorials on the themes of war, tragedy, and the democratization movement. In considering the characteristics of memorial landscapes, the researcher divided the characteristics of landscape details into 3 analysis categories. They are the symbolic application of landscape elements, the embodiment of landscape details, and the organization of landscape details to represent symbolic images, for example, memory, mourning, reflection, healing, glory, and identity. Among details in 24 memorials designed in or after 1970. 133 symbolic details were selected including 64 items in Korea. The analysis revealed that among 30 elements used by designers for memorialization, walls, ponds, sculptures were used more often than other elements in representing the meaning of mourning, reflection, and healing that are the basic function of memorial. In regard to detail form, the designers used basic shapes like circles, squares and rectangles, horizontal and vertical lines to heighten the symbolic effect of shapes in confined form. Stone and water utilized from nature were also used as main materials because of their materiality meaning of death, eternity, life, and healing. The techniques of using lighting, fire, and sound were introduced to make details more effective. Details were organized in harmony and repetition to represent the flew of time and space in symbolic images. The study identified the following characteristics of memorial landscapes in Korea that were different from other country first, in designing memorials, most designers in Korea have been more focused on the organization of space than the details in memorials, and so, they have been neglecting to deliver symbolic image through detail design, while depending mainly on the introduction of art works. Lastly, because they introduced traditional elements which have little relation with the symbolic image needed, there have been many details which inaccurately represent symbolic meanings.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.34
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• pp.60-79
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• 2001

We can infer from collections of prose in Cho-sun period that the main period is from King Se-jong's reign to King Yoeng-jo's or between the 15th and the 17th century. The ideological background and the dignity of the rock garden is derived from Taoist hermitism and Nitze and Jeng-je's quietism. The representation of the rock garden as tri-god mountain comprising Bong-lai, Bang-jang and Young-ju is based on the tradition of making the tripartite rock garden in a pond practiced in the three north-eastern countries, Korea, China and Japan. And it's the representation of quietistic world of eternal life that had been sought by the taoism. Making a pond in which they plant lotus and made rock garden. they enjoyed watching immaculately pure lotus flower bloom even in the mud. It is compared to the confucians' seeking for virtue even in the profane or defiled world. Another motive of intellectuals to make rock gardens is their love of nature and its landscapes and their preference of recluse and temperate life to attaching to high public office, which was the tendency of the learned, established by the influence of taoist and quietist tradition. The essays portray the fountain water, ponds, waterfalls. the hilltops, the mountain pass over the ridge. winded lanes, valleys, caverns, and other architectural elements. The technic of building rock gardens includes those of harmonizing each elements of landscapes in the water, that of irrigation, building formation, and those of piling up the mountains and hills. With some comments on planting trees, grass and flowers. The original location of rock garden, esp. in case of taoist Chae-su's rock garden with waterfalls, is Ian-ri, Ian-myon in the city Sang-ju. Since no relics of rock gardens are to be found in any examples of Korea's traditional gardening, the study of rock gardening by analyzing the prose collections of Cho-sun period can be significant for the study of designing water space that has been considered the center of a garden space.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.43-50
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• 2023

This study is an architectural and landscaping analysis view to rural landscape paintings painted by Vincent van Gogh in the late 19th century. The purpose of this research is to discover the expressive techniques of Western art that Van Gogh's landscape paintings have, and to understand the characteristics of the architectural object in his landscape paintings from February 1888 to April 1889 in Arles, southern France. The method of this study is to analyze the landscape paintings of Van Gogh painted during 15 months in Arles. Among the total paintings in Arles, 47% of the paintings he made were landscapes. The following conclusions have three views. First, Vincent van Gogh was born into a Protestant family in the Netherlands and become an artist in his late twenties. While living in Arles, he painted prolific landscapes. Farming, farmers, and rural area related to normal living are the main subjects of paintings. It can be seen as showing the view that everyday life is sublime and should be included as a unitary value. Second, Gogh's rural landscape paintings were painted with linear and aerial perspective with other the expressive techniques, and plane painting structure that leads to two dimension. Third, from an architectural point of view, Van Gogh's paintings depicted simple vernacular architecture such as traditional rural house, mas, thatched houses, and mills in southern France. This means the normal value of the rural landscape through the eyes of the painter.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.171-182
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• 2016

Since FAO introduced the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS) in 2002, 36 sites of 15 countries so far have been listed on GIAHS. This study aims to find the important agricultural heritages of Korea and to prepare the methods for them to be selected as GIAHS. We have analyzed the proposals of the 36 GIAHS listed in order to study the characteristics of their components of the agricultural heritage which worked for being selected. To analyze the components of the agricultural heritage first, agricultural heritage was classified into 13 types and 42 components in light of GIAHS criteria. Then central themes were set to analyze the relevant contents in the proposals. They were, the type of GIAHS Site, significant agricultural landscape, the agriculture-forestry-fisheries-livestock linkage systems, the multi-layered, inter-cropping, circulation cultivation systems, the soil and water management systems, the conservation of agrobiological diversity and genetic resources, the history of the agricultural heritage, the succession of traditional farming techniques, the cultural diversity and so on. Most GIAHS are located in mountains, grasslands, rivers and coasts, desert than in plains, through which GIAHS assure us that it is the heritage of human challenge to overcome the harsh geographic environment and maintain a livelihood. In these sites the traditional farming techniques are carried on, such as mountain clearings, terraced rice paddies, and burn fields, and the unique irrigation systems and agricultural landscapes are well maintained, and the eco-friendly traditional farming techniques utilizing abundant forest resources and agriculture are well handed down. The origin or home of crop growing, a variety of genetic crop storage, the world's largest crop producer and preserving cultural diversity are also important factors for the selection.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.106-113
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• 2013

This study aims to establish the identity of traditional Korean gardens and develop a universal way for overseas Koreans and foreigners to have an appropriate understanding of traditional Korean gardens, as part of efforts to distribute and promote the overseas establishment of traditional Korean gardens. The focus of this study is on developing planning and design guidelines to ensure that traditional Korean gardens have individuality when they are established overseas and on establishing directional rules for planners. Although traditional Korean gardens may vary in form according to their purposes and spatial scales, the most important thing is that they should incorporate emotions that are well-matched with Korean landscapes and that their design language should be easily recognizable and understandable to everyone. The basic spatial types of traditional Korean gardens for overseas establishment, which are presented in this study, include the exhibition(fair) type, the garden type and the park type. These basic types serve as prototypes that correspond to the purposes of the gardens. In consideration of the spatial scale, the exhibition(fair) type is set as the minimum unit for composition, and suggested basic facilities include trees, a well, a pond and an island in the pond, flower beds and fences. The results of this study have significance as basic information for planning and designing traditional Korean gardens for overseas establishment.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.465-495
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• 2012

This study aims to propose the policy direction for agriculture and fisheries heritage system in Korea. The agriculture and fisheries heritage system is defined as traditional agricultural activity systems and landscapes which should be preserved, sustained and handed down and evolved from the co-adaptation of a community with its cultual, agricultural, biological environment. The key characteristics of the agriculture and fisheries heritage system of Korea are as follows; Firstly, this system designates software and hardware factor of heritage in integrative manner. secondly, this system seeks to preserve and utilize such heritages simultaneously. Thirdly, this system intends to strengthen the role of people in rural area. Fourthly, this system makes use of new engine of growth in agricultural community. This system is designed by comparing and reviewing several related domestic and foreign systems including FAO' GIAHS.