• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.13-26
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• 1975

Seven aspects of attitude toward marriage in Korea are examined to better understand present and future marriage patterns. Also, various facets of current marriage practice are compared with attitudes. The study comprises three groups of roughly 600 women each, selected by random sampling from a rural, an urban, and a semi-urban area. A carefully designed and pretested questionnaire was checked for reliability by a reinterview in a 15% subsample. The great majority of Korean women support traditional attitudes that one must or should marry. The small group who recommend that one should not marry are mostly the very young or the never married, whose attitudes still may change. However, there are important and probably predictive shifts in favor of more individual decision, especially among the better educated, the young, and the more urban. Traditional reasons for marriage such as "custom" and procreation are ranked first by a majority, but there is a large shift to more contemporary or liberal desire for companionship and love, also primarily among the better educated, the urban, the young, and the never married. The traditional attitude that parents should have the sole or major role in mate selection is still held by a bare majority; the educated, urban, young, and never married are more liberal. Only 6% opt for each of the two extremes: That the parent alone or the respondent alone should decide. The remainder prefer one of the two middle-of-the-road positions where parent and child together decide. The proportions of respondents who classed specified criteria as moat important for selecting a husband, arranging the criteria in order from traditional to contemporary were: Lineage, etc., 23%; personal attributes, 40%; health and education, 27%; and love, 10%. The changing attitudes are suggested by the fact that love was ranked first by only 3% of the poorly educated rural poulation versus 23% of urban college level and 31% of the urban never married. There has been a substantial rise in the ideal age of marriage over the past twelve or more years, but there also is evidence that the ideal age is at or near a ceiling. Knowledge about legal age of marriage is minimal; the implications of this for proposed legislation are discussed. Three-fifthes to four-fifths of all respondents married husbands of the same religious, residential, and economic backgrounds as themselves. Almost all of them married men of the same or higher educational level. These evidences of traditional influences in mate selection are contrasted with the low priority given some of those items in earlier questions on reasons for marriage and criterion for selecting husband. Contrary to the expressed attitudes as to who should select the husband, we find that marriages of the study sample were stated to be arranged by parents alone in 62%; and in another 23%, the parents made the decision but asked the respondent's views. Such arrangements were most frequent among the rural, the less educated, and the older respondents and less common in the urban and more educated. The implications of these and related findings are discussed.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2018

Changes in consumer purchasing patterns due to construction of large Western-style commercial buildings and introduction of new purchasing methods in South Korea in the 1990s led to a gradual decline in traditional markets. Under such a new environment, Yukgeori market, one of Korea's exemplary markets, has continued to develop and survive, while maintaining the traditional market form of Korea, both physically and operationally. Therefore, to find the characteristics of spatial configurations supporting the revitalization of traditional market, we deduced social attributes of spaces in street network of Cheongju city and the neighborhood including Yukgeori market by calculating the depths of nodes in the network using analysis models based on space syntax. The results illustrated that long street with the function to attract people and acts as a bridge of traffic and communication between highly modernized commercial area and traditional market can lead to continuous win-win development of both areas and the revitalization of traditional market through the promotion of social activities in the market. We expect that sound and sustainable development of contemporary cities, which lost tradition, will be achieved through the results of this study.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.151-164
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• 1984

The paper is intended to develop a typology of residential mobility and systemizes the many empirical analysis of reasons for moving. An integrated conceptual framework of decision making process for residential mobility is proposed. the traditional behavioral approaches were evaluated for its explaining power, and the results and constraints were testified. For the conceptual framework, the role of external opportunities and constrains on households was emphasized. Finally, it is suggested that the housing needs, housing constraints, and housing opportunities of urban households should be considered together form the integrated model.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.203-209
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• 1974

This study is intended to comparison of the recent ideal number of children and atrial approach for analyzing value system for children that form attitude affecting birth control with earlier study conducted 10 years ago. In general the traditional fertility pattern of Korea may be considered as 'early marriage and high fertility' backed by the confucian value system of a farming-oriented country. A selective attitude favoring sons contributes substantially to fertility. But Korea is now moving toward a late marriage and fertility pattern. This has been due to the repid introduction of western culture and a partial acceptance of western value systems, a relative weakening of traditional value systems, a gradual increase in infant and child servival rates thresh medicines, and a desire to avoid having too many children because of economic poverty. This study showed following results: Ideal number of sons and daughters in urban area was decreased by 0.2 respectively compared to earlier study. In rural area, the number of decrease of sons and daughters was 0.5 and 0.2 respectively. The conception concerning Happiness has changed to wealth from health in previous opinion. Regarding attitude toward having sons, 98 percent of them wanted to have sons positively, moreover 10 percent of them wanted two or more sons. Regarding reasons for the wanting sons, we see that economic and traditional considerations, such as dependance in old age, and inheritance of the family line, are a principle concern of about 56 percent in both areas. The rate of dependence in old age was decreased conspicuously compare to previous study while the rate of helding rituals was increased remarkably in rural area. Among reasons for limiting family size. 'for better living and for better education for their children were main rasons reted 46 percent in urban, 51 percent in rural areas. The rates were not changed compare to previous study. Regarding attitude of those who have no son or children, the rate of re-marriage with second wife was decreased remarkably in rural area and the rate of living without special behaivor for having son was increased compare to previous study.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.111-121
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• 2007

도시산업구조의 진단과 예측은 지속가능한 도시발전계획수립을 위한 주요한 과제이다. 지금까지의 산업관련 도시공간구조 연구들은 주로 도시산업체 자료나 총 종사자수 자료를 활용하여 산업유형별 공간분포의 측정에 집중되어져 왔다. 그러나 최근 비정규직 문제를 포함한 근로자의 종사상 지위가 중요한 이슈가 되는 시점에서 본 연구는 읍면동 단위의 1994년 및 2004년 종사상 지위별 자료를 수집하고 동 변화자료를 기반으로 공간분석 단위를 일치시킨 후 GIS를 활용하여 종사상 지위분류체계 자료를 활용한 도시산업구조의 질적 변화를 공간적 관점에서 해석하였다. GIS환경에서 부산시 산업구조의 종사상지위 유형별 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전통적인 노동집약적 산업이 한계에 부딪히고, 서비스업 및 도소매업은 영세한 생계형으로 진행되어 부산의 고용흡수력이 떨어질 수밖에 없었으며 통계상으로는 종사자의 수가 증가하였으나 비정규직과 비임금 노동자가 급증하면서 부산지역 일자리의 질이 하락하고 있는 것으로 측정되었다. 둘째, 전통적인 도심지는 쇠퇴하는 반면 신도시나 신흥공업단지가 형성된 지역, 제조업보다 서비스업이 발달한 지역이 일자리가 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 본 연구의 결과는 도시발전의 근간이 되는 산업구조의 행태적 패턴 뿐 아니라 종사상지위라는 질적 평가를 통한 장기적 차원의 산업발전계획안 마련을 위한 기초자료로서의 활용을 기대한다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 1997

This study provides the results of two different blasting methods applied at the H Telcon construction site in Yeon-dong, Cheju Island. One is the traditional blasting method without bottom-hole stemming and the other with bottom-hole stemming using the materials such as sand, polystyrene and sawdust in 5~10 cm lengths. The effect of these materials on vibration level was studied. Assuming that safety criterion of vibration level be 0.5cm/set, 95% confidence limit line of measured data shows that maximum charge weight per delay could be increased in the following order; traditional methed, polystyrene stemming, sand stemming, sawdust stemming.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.65-76
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• 2000

This study aims to clarify the characteristics of townhouse corresponding to the changing life style for the future, and suited to the small and medium urban areas of Korea(focused on Chongju area) from its traditionality and regionality's point of view. The results of this study are as follows; 1. The traditional design elements of Chongju area : 1) A court; a court of inner building - light, wind. 2) A balcony; intermediate space, cornice. 3) Eave line; a horizontal line for approach. 2. The regional design elements of Chongju area : 1) Maintenance of skyline which had the same building height as strip of road. 2) The formal spatial design elements to think about natural view. 3) Simple appearance and delicate detail.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2013

The Gongju Sanseong Traditional Market, the subject of this study, was formed in the early 1900's, and along with the development of Gongju, it has been constantly changed and expanded up until now. The Sanseong Traditional Market located in Gongju, the Korea's representative historic city, exhibits merits in the aspects as a city based on the symbolic significance of the city where it is located and historical characteristics; however, it also presents some problems as well in consideration of user convenience and accessibility. Thereupon, this study conducted literature review on traditional markets, field research with a field trip, and a survey in order to analyze the spatial characteristics of the market environment and grope for the methods of activation. The conclusion suggested through this is as written below: First, the changes of types regarding spatial use according to the modernization project of traditional markets are essential, so about the spatial use according to the spatial changes, it is needed to distribute it balancedly considering the central space of the market. Second, with the understanding of the spatial types of traditional markets, it is needed to build a plan for alternation in the types of physical space based on that. Third, it is necessary to suggest the methods of integrated spatial use among standing markets and 5-day markets. In particular, through the approaches from the aspects of architectural and urban design and through reasonable spatial planning, a systematic approach considering the convenience of the users and merchants using it as their living space should be prioritized. And lastly, it is needed to reorganize the space according to the physical and non-physical methods in order to figure out the methods of activating traditional markets in agricultural areas and minor cities. With the complex approaches above, we can grope for the methods of activating traditional markets.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2009

도시철도 수요를 일반적인 4단계 모형에 의해서 역별로 추정하는 경우에는 몇 가지 한계가 존재한다. 첫째 행정동 기반 사회경제지표를 토대로 하므로 행정동 단위의 도시철도 수요가 추정될 수밖에 없다. 그러나 각 행정동에 1개만이 아닌 2개 이상의 역이 위치할 경우 행정동 단위의 수요를 2개 이상의 역에 적절하게 할당하기가 쉽지 않다. 둘째 역별 도시철도 수요는 행정동보다 공간적 범위가 좁은 역세권 특성에 커다란 영향을 받게 된다. 그러므로 역세권보다 넓은 행정동 전체 특성을 기반으로 한 도시철도 수요 추정과 역별 할당에 의한 역별 수요 추정은 부정확할 수밖에 없다. 위와 같이 행정동을 기반으로 한 자료 사용의 한계로 도시철도 역별 수요를 제대로 추정하기 어려운 점이 존재하여, 본 연구에서는 크게 두 가지 방안을 검토하였다. 첫째는 행정동이 아닌 역세권을 기반으로 하는 사회경제지표 자료를 토대로 역별 수요를 추정하는 방안이다. 그러나 이 방안은 자료 수집과 분석에 너무 많은 시간과 노력이 소요되는 것에 비하여, 추정의 정확도는 크게 높아지지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째는 일반적인 4단계모형을 적용하되 역세권 특성을 반영하기 위해 행정동 센트로이드 위치 및 도시철도 역과의 커넥터 거리를 각 역별로 조정하여 역세권을 반영하는 방안이다. 행정동 센트로이드 위치 및 커넥터 거리를 조정하는 두 번째 방법을 적용하여 역별 수요를 추정한 결과를 실제 집계된 서울시 지하철의 역별 수요를 비교한 결과, 각 역별로 매우 근사한 결과를 나타내었다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.167-184
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate actual conditions of family/kin ritual transition and to find out relationships to socio-economic variables. For this purpose, 716 subjects of urban family were interviewed with questionnaires. The results of this study may be summarized as follows: 1. It was discovered the pervasive themes of family/kin ritual transition: westernization, commercialization, socialization, and cultural anomie. 2. In contemporary family/kin rites, traditional structure coexists with external westernized aspects under the influnce of industrialization and commercialization. The rites were continued to provide a place where participants reproduce the ideology of patriarchal family group, especially the strong parent-child ties and narrow kin relationships. 3. Respondents who support traditional ritual style are old, lower class, and Buddhist. 4. Respondents who support westernization and socialization of family/kin rites are young, higher class, and Christian. But family/kin rites are not affected by sex relatively.