• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1313-1320
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• 2014

Introduction: Although most prostate cancers initially respond to castration with luteinizing hormonereleasing analogues or bilateral orchiectomy, progression eventually occurs. Based on the exciting results of several randomized controlled trials (RCTs), it seems that patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) might benefit more from treatment withabiraterone. Therefore we conducted a systematic review to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of abiraterone in the treatment of mCRPC. Methods: Literature was searched from Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to July, 2013. Quality of the study was evaluated according to the Cochrane's risk of bias of randomized controlled trial (RCT) tool, then the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) System was used to rate the level of evidence. Stata 12.0 was used for statistical analysis. Summary data from RCTs comparing abiraterone plus prednisone versus placebo plus prednisone for mCRPC were meta-analyzed. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS), radiographic progression-free survival (RPFS) and time to PSA progression (TTPP); Pooled risk ratios (RR) for PSA response rate, objective response rate and adverse event were calculated. Results: Ten trials were included in the systematic review; Data of 2,283 patients (1,343 abiraterone; 940 placebo) from two phase 3 trials: COU-AA-301 and COU-AA-302 were meta-analyzed. Compared with placebo, abiraterone significantly prolonged OS (HR, 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66 to 0.84), RPFS (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.74) and time to PSA progression (HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.70); it also significantly increased PSA response rate (RR, 3.63; 95% CI, 1.72 to 7.65) and objective response rate (RR, 3.05; 95% CI, 1.51 to 6.15). This meta-analysis suggested that the adverse events caused by abiraterone are acceptable and can be controlled. Conclutios: Abiraterone significantly prolonged OS, RPFS and time to progression patients with mCRPC, regardless of prior chemotherapy or whether chemotherapy-na$\ddot{i}$ve, and no unexpected toxicity was evident. Abiraterone can serve as a new standard therapy for mCRPC.

• 대한암한의학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2011

Background and Objectives : This study is an observational study of nonequivalent control group based on time lag design in order to determine the effectiveness of gargling Hwangryunhaedok-tang (HRHDT) on stomatitis caused by chemotherapy. Methods : The study period is from July 1st, 2010 to September 30th, 2010. The subjects are 13 patients who fit the profile of the study and who are admitted in the tumor department of the regional cancer center of C University Hospital which is located in Chung-Joo City. When stomatitis occurs after chemotherapy, the level of stomatitis is assessed using oral assessment guide score and oral discomfort score. Then mix 5 g of powered HRHDT and 60 ml of distilled water, and 15 ml of the solution is given to patients 4 times per day to gargle for 1 minute. For the control group, 60 ml of Chlorohexidin gargling solution is used; everyday for one week, 4 times per day, 15 ml per gargle and gargled for 1 minute. Oral Assessment Guide score and Oral Discomfort Score are assessed at same hour everyday. Crosstabulation analysis $X^2$(${\rho}$) was used to examine the demographic characteristics and difference of the two groups by using SPSS/WIN 12.0. For mean and standard deviation, descriptive statistical analysis was used. T-test was used to determine the difference of the oral discomfort scores. Result : The study has shown that the Oral Assessment Guide score of the experimental group has decreased more with more regularity. On the third day, the score of the control group is 20.16 and the score of the experimental group was 18.75, which showed a statistically significant difference with the level of significance of p<0.05. Oral Discomfort Score of the control group's score was 13.60 on the first day and 6.80 on the seventh day and the experimental group's score was 13.00 on the first day and 2.25 on the seventh day. The experimental group's score 2.25 is statistically significantly lower than the control group's score of 6.80 with the level of significance of p<0.05. Conclusions : The HRHDT gargling solution showed more regular effectiveness compared to Chlorohexidin solution on chemotherapy-caused stomatitis. Therefore this study has shown that HRHDT gargling solution can be used as an alternative medicine.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.648-657
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• 2012

본 연구는 문제 생성 전략과 피드백 방법이 중학생들의 과학 성취도, 자기 효능감 및 수업에 대한 인식에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 대도시에 소재한 중학교 1학년 3개 반을 대상으로 비교 집단은 전통적인 수업과 교사가 배부한 학습지의 문제를 풀도록 하였고, 실험 집단 1, 2는 전통적인 수업을 받은 후 문제를 생성하고 동료에 의한 피드백과 교사에 의한 피드백을 각각 받도록 하였다. 수업 전 자기 효능감 검사가 실시되었으며 수업 후에는 과학 성취도, 자기 효능감 및 수업에 대한 인식 검사가 이루어졌다. 결과 분석을 위하여 공분산분석, 다변량 공분산분석과 t-검정을 실시하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 과학 성취도에 있어서 비교 집단과 실험 집단들 간에는 큰 차이가 있었으나(p<.01), 실험 집단 간에는 차이가 없었다(p>.05). 둘째, 실험 집단은 비교 집단에 비해 자기 효능감에서 우수한 효과를 나타냈으며(p<.01), 실험 집단 1은 자기 효능감의 하위 영역 중 자기조절 부분에서(p<.01), 실험 집단 2는 과제 난이도 선호 부분에서(p<.01) 통계적으로 유의미한 결과가 나타났다. 셋째, 문제를 생성한 후 교사에 의한 피드백을 받은 실험 집단 2가 동료에 의해 피드백을 받은 실험 집단 1에 비해 수업에 대한 인식은 더 긍정적인 것으로 나타났다.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.228-238
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine how an Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) simulation application via smartphone effects nurses' ACLS knowledge and learning satisfaction. Methods: The participants were selected from nurses in medical Intensive Care Unit (ICU), surgical ICU and emergency room. The experimental group consists of fifty nurses who were self-learned with ACLS simulation application via smartphone and the control group of seventy-one nurses who used traditional learning materials. Outcome variables included nurses' knowledge and learning satisfaction which were collected before and after the intervention. Results: The scores of ACLS knowledge were higher in the control group compared to the experimental group (p=.001) while learning satisfaction showed no statistical difference (p=.444). In learning satisfaction, the experimental group showed higher interest than the control group (p=.019) while the control group rated higher on the item, 'the contents of education was reliable' (p=.007). Conclusion: ACLS knowledge score was graded higher in control group that used traditional learning method than the experimental group that used the smartphone application. This study showed that training with the new material significantly increased nurses' interest in ACLS education. Hence, more applications for smartphones should be developed to provide self-learning environment for nurses and improve care quality.

• 지역연구
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.51-67
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• 2020

본 연구는 건축물대장, 주민등록대장 등 공공빅데이터의 활용성을 탐구하기 위해, 비교적 간단한 구조를 가진 맨큐-와일(MW)모형을 활용해 1인당 주거면적 추정을 시도하였다. 그 결과 공공빅데이터를 활용하여 정기조사 방식에 버금가는 모형을 수립할 수 있고, 기존 정기조사 방식으로는 어려웠던 기초자치단체별 모형수립도 가능함을 확인할 수 있었다. 공공빅데이터로부터 일반단독주택과 다세대주택 샘플을 판별하는 과정을 설계하여, 10세 연령대별 1인당 주거면적을 추정하고, 인구주택총조사, 주거실태조사 등 기존 정기조사 자료를 활용한 결과와 비교해 일치시킨 후, 서울시 25개 자치구별 1인당 주거면적을 도출하였다. 공공빅데이터는 지식영역을 확장시켜주는 장점이 있지만 본래의 작성의도와 다른 목적으로 생성된 자료를 활용한다는 점에서 근본적 한계는 존재한다. 또 개인정보 접근이라는 어려운 과정은 분석을 보다 신중히 진행해야 하는 부담을 주고, 비식별화를 거친 자료를 분석함에 따라 연구설계가 어려워지는 문제도 있다. 향후 공공빅데이터가 기존 통계조사를 보완하거나 대체할 수도 있도록 가공하는 방법 등에 대한 꾸준한 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.398-412
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• 2000

The purposes of this study are : (a) to investigate the attitude to various coffee and tea of women, (b) to analyze the characteristics of each classified group according to eating frequency, and (c) to abstract the factors which can influence the consumption of coffee and tea. Questionnaires were hand delivered to 1,200 women residing in Seoul. A total of 1012 was usable: resulting in 84% response rate. Statistical data analysis was completed using SAS Package program for the one way-analysis of variance(ANOVA), Duncan's multiple comparison test, factor analysis and analysis of covariance (ANOCOVA). (a) Instant coffee was most consumed(22.1 times a month), green tea in tea bag(8.7), Donggulre tea(8.3), Coffee (72) in order of frequency. Among Korean traditional tea Donggulre tea(8.3) and Yuja tea (2.0) were most prefered but still a minute quantity of Korean traditional tea was enjoyed. (b) Coffee and Black tea was regarded unhealthful but habitual, delicious and familiar beverage. Green tea was regarded good for health but not so habitual, practical and familiar. The consumer awareness can be grouped into 3 clases : Healthy factor, Habitual Practical factor, Familiar factor. (c) The sociodemographic characteristics of women influenced the beverage consumption. Women in their 30s and 40s consumed much of instant coffee and coffee. 10s and 20s consumed much of canned coffee. Working women drank much of instant coffee and green tea in tea bag. Women in highest income group$({\geq}\;4,000,000\;won/month)$ consumed much of coffee. (d) The factors which influenced the eating frquency of those beverages were various. The eating frequency of instant coffee was influenced by the age, familiar factor and habitual practical factor. And coffee were influenced by income level, habitual practical factor. The frequency of green tea in tea bag was influenced by habitual practical factor and familiar factor, green tea was influenced by healthy factor and habitual practical factor, Donggulre tea was influenced by habitual practical factor.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.487-497
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• 2014

Objective: This study aims to develop and evaluate a multi-purpose rollator, which may be used as a seat, as a traditional walker, or as a storage basket for elderly farmers. Background: The rollators on the market are not user-friendly designed and seen inconvenient for elderly farmers to use, although they are sold at considerably high price. Since they lack enough space to load stuffs and are not durable or stable enough, they do not seem to be suitable for elderly farmers to use in rural areas. Method: Two types of methods were used in this study. First, the survey consisted of 19 questions was conducted among elderly farmers in rural areas, after using the developed rollator, to evaluate the usability of the rollator developed in this study. Second, EMG experiment was conducted to compare the existing rollator and developed rollator quantitatively. Through this experiment, we tried to verify the differences of muscle responses, when using the traditional and the developed ones, which have their own brake system, in the ramp. Results: The developed rollator was highly evaluated in most of the questions in the usability survey, except for the 'Weight' category in which the opinions were divided into three different types (Worse: 31%, Similar: 30%, Better: 36%). The result of EMG experiment showed that the existing rollator (7.4%MVC) demands more muscle strength than the developed rollator (5.5%MVC) does. By statistically analyzing the results of upper limb and lower limb respectively, we found out that all the muscles except deltoid in upper limb showed statistically significant differences in muscle activity when using the existing and the developed rollator. However, there was no statistical difference in lower limb muscles. Conclusion: The developed rollator in this study has maximized the functionality of the brake system, the storage and the chair, which were pointed out as the weaknesses of existing rollators. Furthermore, the developed rollator is designed to be more user-friendly, safe, durable, and effective for elderly farmers to use in rural areas, where roads are rough and bumpy. Application: We expect that the emergency brake system developed in this study would be utilized for other convenience equipment, such as strollers and carts, and that it would be able to develop and produce more secure and reliable equipment in the future.

• 안보군사학연구
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• 통권5호
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• pp.241-280
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• 2007

This study examines the relationship of the industry-specific factors that effect innovation of manufacturing technology and the market share within the defense industry. Since the establishment of the basic defense industry framework in 1973, there were numerous interactions of the industry-specific factors of the defense industry structure with the technological innovation and market organization of the defense industry. During last three decades, the domestic defense industry has achieved the considerable level but the framework of the basic system has not developed much in areas of the military science and the defense manufacturing technology. Industry-specific factors were formed in the process and appeared in a variety of behavioral characteristics as subsystems. Currently, there IS a growing trend where the management of defense industry is gradually deteriorating due to limitation of the domestic industry-specific factor (e.g. defense technologies, amount of demand, etc.). If there is a prominent imbalance of the industry-specific factors. it can trigger the potential problem of conflict, lack of cooperation and control, slowing the growth of the manufacturing technology thereby diminishing the market and deteriorating the defense supply/demand relationship. In a research conducted by Joe S. Bain, Bain analyzed the relationship of the traditional industrial organization where industry-specific factor(S) not only impacts the conductor(C). And, conductor(C) influences the shaping of the performance(P) of relationship of the traditional industrial organization. Consequently, the researcher has identified the demand monopoly, barriers to entry, and market competition with comparison of defense industry issues. These defense issues were three industry-specific factors identified, which are 1) The demand monopoly and The entry barriers to new market competition, 2) the industrial technical factor to a production technical competitiveness and a market sharing competitiveness, 3) the probability factor to revolution for military affairs(RMA) and a R&D production. According to baseline with these factors, the following research model is established from the special companies group(Group A), the systematization companies group(Group B), and the general companies group(Group 0. The hypothesis is that if there are more industry-specific factors, then there will be more relationships of defense industry relation statutes. This research is an empirical study on the relationship that the industry specific factors effects the innovation of manufacturing technology and the shaping of the market in the defense industry. Moreover, the existing models to evaluate the industry specific factors of the defense industry IS much to be desired with the controlled statistical analysis of the result. It is vital to study on current situation with suggesting alternative strategy to the efficient strategy. The descriptive analysis approach analysis is conducted with SPSSWIN to conduct reliability test, factor analysis, correlation analysis, cross-tabulation analysis, one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. However, there were some limitations of the survey such as the rigidity of concept about the technical factors and various market management factors. The wishes is that the decision-maker could be utilized these defence industrial factors to formulate efficient defence policy and strategy in the future.

• 약학회지
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2014

Although Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are generally treated by western medicine, many of them strongly believe in the traditional oriental Sasang constitutional classification and depend on it for food, health supplements, and oriental medicines decision making. Sasang constitutional classification is a part of traditional Korean medicine that divides people into four constitutional types (Tae-Yang: TY, Tae-Eum: TE, So-Yang: SY, and So-Eum: SE), which differ in inherited characteristics such as appearance, personality traits, susceptibility to diseases, and drug responses. It is recommended for T2DM patients to control their blood glucose very well from early stages with drugs and diet. However, many T2DM patients respond differently to their drugs, even though they receive the same medicine. Therefore, the present study investigated whether Sasang constitutional type can explain the therapeutic differences between oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) therapy (mono, dual and triple drug therapy). Patients of 618 with T2DM diagnosis and Sasang constitutional type known who received both western and oriental medicine treatment in a hospital between April 2006 and April 2013 retrospectively studied. HbA1c (%) and blood glucose (mg/dl) levels before OHAs therapy and 3 month after were collected for metformin (MET) or sulfonylurea (SU) monotherapy, MET+SU dual therapy, MET+except SU (where was either alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, meglitinide or thiazolidinedione) dual therapy, and triple therapy, according to Sasang constitutional type. For statistical analysis, ANOVA was used and paired t-test by SPSS 19.0 where P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Pattern was similar levels of HbA1c and blood glucose and which was decreased in order of mono, MET+SU dual, MET+except SU dual and triple therapy. In all patients comparison, for the So-yang (SY) constitutional type, either monotherapy was less effective; for Te-eum (TE) type, MET+SU dual therapy was less effective while MET+except SU dual therapy was more effective and the triple therapy was less effective; and for So-eum (SE) type, the triple therapy was more effective. For the management of TE type it is recommended to use drugs except SU when dual therapy is needed, restrict triple therapy and consider dual and insulin therapy; for SY type it is recommended to follow current guidelines; and for SE type it is advisable to skip dual therapy and start the triple therapy early. Finally, the therapeutic response to OHAs is different among Korean T2DM patients with different Sasang constitutional types. Taken together, the choice of effective OHAs therapy for each type is necessary in order to minimize the poor control of blood glucose level, the risk of complications, and the costs from a failure of therapy.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2005

본 연구는 한방제제의 구성 약재인 마황이라는 천연한방소재로부터 미백효과가 있는 화장품 원료를 개발하고자 하였다. 본 실험에서 마황추출물의 tyrosinase 억제 효과를 확인하고 마황추출 과정을 세분화하여 methylene chloride 및 물분획물을 얻었으며 이들을 가지고 다시 tyrosinase 억제 실험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 수층부분에서만 $0.2\%$ 농도에서 $60.6\%$의 tyrosinase 억제 효과를 보여주었으며 이후 수층부분만을 농축하여 L-DOPA 산화억제 실험 및 B-16 melanoma를 이용한 미백 실험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 마황추출물 $0.5\%$ 농도에서 $87\%$의 L-DOPA 산화억제 효과를 보여주었으며, $0.75\%$에서는 $98.8\%$의 억제효과를 보여주었다. 또한 B-16 melanoma에서는 $0.05\%$에서 $70.2\%$, $0.075\%$에서는 $79.9\%$의 억제효과를 보여주었다. 그리고 수층부분만을 농축한 마황추출물의 in vivo상에서의 미백 효과를 검증하기 위하여 마황추출물 $0.5\%$를 함유한 제형으로 미백 임상실험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 마황추출물을 함유한 제형에서 10주 경과 후에 육안 및 기기평가 모두에서 미백효과를 보여주었으며 통계적으로도 유의한 차이(p<0.05)를 보여주었다.