• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.784-792
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• 2006

The Neo-Confucian study of the thee of ministerial fire(相火論) constitute of the rule of iung jung(中正), the principal of form and use(體用) and of real nature and emotion(性情) of human and ethic mind(人心道心). The present study is to evaluate a fundamental concept of the theory of ministerial fire, which is one of traditional medical ideology in China, through the Neo-Confucianism projects to The theory of ministerial fire. The theory of ministerial fire of Judange(朱丹溪) was recognized by ontological principal of Heaven-Human being-Earth, ontological structure of Form-Use and the structure that mind consist of real nature and emotion(심統性惰). The ethic and human mind(道心人心) of Judange and constancy and transition(常變) of seven emotion have relationship in the ontological structure of Form-Use. The real nature of human Doing consisted of apriority of Heaven rule is unitary constructed by Form-Use(체용) of inactivated real nature and activated seven emotion and then activated seven emotion shows dual form of appropriate(中節) and inappropriate(不中節). Emperor's and ministerial fire(君火相火) which has a relationships of Heaven-Human being synchronization represents all kinds of fire and classified to heaven fire(天火) and human fire(人火). The emperor's fire was triggered by inactivated fire and ministerial fire(相火) was triggered by activated fire. Inactivated ministerial fires have dual form of physiological ministerial and pathological ministerial fire. Regarding the forementioned analytic thinking, it was clear that manifest processing of One's real nature and the ministerial fire undergo the same principal and logics. Since maintained One's real nature that is inactivated seven emotion and appropriated activated seven emotion, ministerial fire can be stable and keep one's health and well-being in mind and body.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.13-29
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• 2005

An important characteristic of role-based access control model(RBAC) is that by itself it is policy neutral. This means RBAC articulates security policy without embodying particular security policy. Because of this reason, there are several researches to configure RBAC to enforce traditional mandatory access control(MAC) policy and discretionary access control(DAC) policy. Specifically, to simulate MAC using RBAC several researches configure a few RBAC components(user, role, role-hierarchy, user-role assignment and session) for keeping no-read-up rule and no-write-down rule ensuring one-direction information flow from low security level to high security level. We show these researches does not ensure confidentiality. In addition, we show the fact that these researches overlook violation of integrity due to some constraints of keeping confidentiality. In this paper we propose a RBAC model satisfying both confidentiality and integrity. We reexamine a few RBAC components and constructs additional constraints.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.373-388
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• 2013

This paper is to investigate how two elementary school teacher's belief mathematics as educational content, and teaching and learning mathematics as a part of educational methodology, and what the two teachers believe towards gifted children and their education, and what the classes demonstrate and its effects on the sociomathematical norms. To investigate this matter, the study has been conducted with two teachers who have long years of experience in teaching gifted children, but fall into different belief categories. The results of the study show that teacher A falls into the following category: the essentiality of mathematics as 'traditional', teaching mathematics as 'blended', and learning mathematics as 'traditional'. In addition, teacher A views mathematically gifted children as autonomous researchers with low achievement and believes that the teacher is a learning assistant. On the other hand, teacher B falls into the following category: the essentiality of mathematics as 'non-traditional', teaching mathematics as 'non-traditional, and learning mathematics as 'non-traditional.' Also, teacher B views mathematically gifted children as autonomous researchers with high achievement and believes that the teacher is a learning guide. In the teacher A's class for gifted elementary school students, problem solving rule and the answers were considered as important factors and sociomathematical norms that valued difficult arithmetic operation were demonstrated However, in the teacher B's class for gifted elementary school students, sociomathematical norms that valued the process of problem solving, mathematical explanations and justification more than the answers were demonstrated. Based on the results, the implications regarding the education of mathematically gifted students were investigated.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.23-38
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• 2012

There is a large difference between purchasing patterns in an online shopping mall and in an offline market. This difference may be caused mainly by the difference in accessibility of online and offline markets. It means that an interval between the initial purchasing decision and its realization appears to be relatively short in an online shopping mall, because a customer can make an order immediately. Because of the short interval between a purchasing decision and its realization, an online shopping mall transaction usually contains fewer items than that of an offline market. In an offline market, customers usually keep some items in mind and buy them all at once a few days after deciding to buy them, instead of buying each item individually and immediately. On the contrary, more than 70% of online shopping mall transactions contain only one item. This statistic implies that traditional data mining techniques cannot be directly applied to online market analysis, because hardly any association rules can survive with an acceptable level of Support because of too many Null Transactions. Most market basket analyses on online shopping mall transactions, therefore, have been performed by expanding the co-occurrence criteria of traditional association rule mining. While the traditional co-occurrence criteria defines items purchased in one transaction as concurrently purchased items, the expanded co-occurrence criteria regards items purchased by a customer during some predefined period (e.g., a day) as concurrently purchased items. In studies using expanded co-occurrence criteria, however, the criteria has been defined arbitrarily by researchers without any theoretical grounds or agreement. The lack of clear grounds of adopting a certain co-occurrence criteria degrades the reliability of the analytical results. Moreover, it is hard to derive new meaningful findings by combining the outcomes of previous individual studies. In this paper, we attempt to compare expanded co-occurrence criteria and propose a guideline for selecting an appropriate one. First of all, we compare the accuracy of association rules discovered according to various co-occurrence criteria. By doing this experiment we expect that we can provide a guideline for selecting appropriate co-occurrence criteria that corresponds to the purpose of the analysis. Additionally, we will perform similar experiments with several groups of customers that are segmented by each customer's average duration between orders. By this experiment, we attempt to discover the relationship between the optimal co-occurrence criteria and the customer's average duration between orders. Finally, by a series of experiments, we expect that we can provide basic guidelines for developing customized recommendation systems. Our experiments use a real dataset acquired from one of the largest internet shopping malls in Korea. We use 66,278 transactions of 3,847 customers conducted during the last two years. Overall results show that the accuracy of association rules of frequent shoppers (whose average duration between orders is relatively short) is higher than that of causal shoppers. In addition we discover that with frequent shoppers, the accuracy of association rules appears very high when the co-occurrence criteria of the training set corresponds to the validation set (i.e., target set). It implies that the co-occurrence criteria of frequent shoppers should be set according to the application purpose period. For example, an analyzer should use a day as a co-occurrence criterion if he/she wants to offer a coupon valid only for a day to potential customers who will use the coupon. On the contrary, an analyzer should use a month as a co-occurrence criterion if he/she wants to publish a coupon book that can be used for a month. In the case of causal shoppers, the accuracy of association rules appears to not be affected by the period of the application purposes. The accuracy of the causal shoppers' association rules becomes higher when the longer co-occurrence criterion has been adopted. It implies that an analyzer has to set the co-occurrence criterion for as long as possible, regardless of the application purpose period.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.47-54
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• 2007

Objection : A medicine which is patient-initiative and preventive is required in Korea, which is going to an aging society. On this, we started this study to make a new rule to diagnose and treat more definitely by linking traditional Oriental medicine to Sasang Constitional medicine, which thought to be suitable because of Sasang Constitional medicine has been valued on staying, diet and human's nature which means preventive medical propensity. Methods : On this study, we discriminated Sasang Constition of 161 students, who is in college of oriental medicine, Wonkwang university, by using QSCCII program; and in those students, we checked 30 volunteers's five vicera's Back-su point on riging and depression, tenderness reaction, and color reaction after cupping treatment. Results : As a result of study of riging and depression of five vicera's Back-su point, we could confirm that defecient organ's Back-su point were more depressed than excess organ in Seum-in, Taeeum-in, Soyang-in. As a result of study of tenderness reaction of five vicera's Back-su point, we could confirm that excess organ's Back-su point showed stronger tenderness reaction than defecient organ in Seum-in, Taeeum-in; and excess organ's Back-su point showed weaker tenderness reaction than defecient organ in Soyang-in. As a result of study of color reaction after cupping treatment of five vicera's Back-su point, we could confirm that excess organ's Back-su point showed stronger color reaction than defecient organ in Seum-in, Taeeum-in; and excess organ's Back-su point showed weaker color reaction than defecient organ in Soyang-in. Those data suggest that there are close correlation between Sasang Constition and on riging and depression, tenderness reaction, and color reaction after cupping treatment of five vicera's Back-su point in treditional Oriental medicine. Conclusions : From this study, we can make a new rule to differentiate Sasang Constition by clearfy a relation between Sasang Constition and five vicera's Back-su point; and with this rule, we could contribute to popularization and objectification of Sasang Constition medicine and further more, Oriental medicine by making a Sasang Constition diagnosis instrument. With this, a trait of Sasang Constition medicine that is preventive and valued on character of individuals will contribute to building a patient-initiative and preventive medical system and will expend the domain of Oriental medicine.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.7
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• pp.531-543
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• 2022

Integrated water resources management (IWRM) has focused on efficient response to various water related disasters by climate change. In particular, more flexible usage of conventional water resources infrastructures is expected to provide an eco-friendly water management. Multi-purpose dams and water supply dams are well known as water management facilities for securing and supplying water in drought season. Recently, based on the report '2021 multi-purpose use of hydropower dams in Han river', contribution of hydropower dams on water resources management is becoming more significant beyond the traditional role of hydropower generation. In drought conditions, the dams control water supply depending on the pre-defined drought stages. In the case of multi-purpose dams, an operation standard during drought has been already prepared and applied; however, for the hydropower dams, specific standards are not fully prepared yet in South Korea. In this study, a method for calculation of standard water storage and discharge reduction of hydropower dams according to drought stage is newly proposed reflecting the characteristics of hydropower dams. The proposed method was applied to the hydropower dams in Han river, where six hydropower dams are located. A case study of the historical droughts occurred in 2014-2017 demonstrated that the proposed hydropower dam operation rule could improve the water supply stability under severe drought conditions compared to the conventional operations. In the future, the role of hydropower dams for water resources management is expected to become more important, and this study can be widely used for water supply planning such as drought response using hydropower dams.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.1156-1164
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• 2012

Hanok is a cultural heritage containing our ancestor's life style intact and breathing alive with us until now. As Hanok has been concerned as a echo-friendly architecture, a new methodology for efficient construction without damaging the traditional construction process comes into request. The goal of this research is development of a architectural design tool based on the BIM(Building Information Modeling) for satisfying these demands. It will be usable to support whole process of the traditional building from digital design to production and construction. Firstly, we take a consideration of the traditional architecture reflecting the spirit of the age and suggest efficient design method for architectural components. Each components is pre-fabricated as a template representing similar components. All pre-fabricated components are designed by object-oriented concepts so, many variations for a component can be derived from the pre-fabricated component. Our method is helpful for reducing design errors because that it considers combining rule between connecting components in the template design. Moreover it is plugged in the commercial architectural CAD, so it can supports digital design not only traditional architecture but also fusion style mixed with modern architecture.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2018

Changgyeonggung Palace, which was built in Seongjong Period in September 1484, is a tradition space that has been seen as a gateway to the Joseon Dynasty until it was demolished in 1907 at Changgyeongwon Garden. During the Japanese colonial rule, large greenhouses, museums, and botanical gardens were opened in Changgyeonggung Palace and traditional architecture and palace gardens were lost or changed. In 1984, the Changgyeonggung Palace maintenance plan was restored to the current status through the construction of the rebuild construction in 1986 to restore the traditional palaces. Since then, it has been maintained and managed in the shape of the mid-term plan of the 1980s for 30 years. The appearance of Changgyeonggung Palace(宮園) in the early 19th century shows the appearance of Changgyeonggung Palace in "Donggwoldo", and it is possible to confirm the prototype of the Joseon Dynasty through analysis of "Donggwoldo". The vegetation survey of Changgyeonggung Palace which started from 1984 was surveyed 4 times over 2005, 2010, and 2016, and the vegetation status of Changgyeonggung Palace could be confirmed based on the results of vegetation survey. By comparing and analyzing the results of the vegetation survey for 30 years and the analysis of the vegetation in Changgyeonggung Palace by the analysis of "Donggwoldo", we were able to confirm whether the vegetation status of Changgyeonggung Palace approached to the appearance of the Joseon Dynasty era.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.25-42
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• 2013

Recently various kinds of Information Technology services are created and the quantities of the data flow are increase rapidly. Not only that, but the data patterns that we deal with also slowly becoming diversity. As a result, the demand of discover the meaningful knowledge/information through the various mining analysis such as linkage analysis, sequencing analysis, classification and prediction, has been steadily increasing. However, solving the business problems using data mining analysis does not always concerning, one of the major causes of these limitations is there are some analyzed data can't accurately reflect the real world phenomenon. For example, although the time gap of purchasing the two products is very short, by using the traditional sequencing analysis, the precedence relationship of the two products is clearly reflected. But in the real world, with the very short time interval, the precedence relationship of the two purchases might not be defined. What was worse, the sequence of the purchase intention and the sequence of the purchase realization of the two products might be mutually be reversed. Therefore, in this study, an expanded sequencing analysis methodology has been proposed in order to reflect this situation. In this proposed methodology, the purchases that being made in a very short time interval among the purchase order which might not important will be notice, and the analysis which included the original sequence and reversed sequence will be used to extend the analysis of the data. Also, to some extent a very short time interval can be defined as the time interval, so an experiment were carried out to determine the varying based on the time interval for the actual data.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.641-649
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• 2020

As the usage of mobile devices extremely increases, malicious mobile apps(applications) that target mobile users are also increasing. It is challenging to detect these malicious apps using traditional malware detection techniques due to intelligence of today's attack mechanisms. Deep learning (DL) is an alternative technique of traditional signature and rule-based anomaly detection techniques and thus have actively been used in numerous recent studies on malware detection. In order to develop DL-based defense mechanisms against intelligent malicious apps, feeding recent datasets into DL models is important. In this paper, we develop a DL-based model for detecting intelligent malicious apps using KU-CISC 2018-Android, the most up-to-date dataset consisting of benign and malicious Android apps. This dataset has hardly been addressed in other studies so far. We extract OPcode sequences from the Android apps and preprocess the OPcode sequences using an N-gram model. We then feed the preprocessed data into LSTM and apply the concept of Information Gain to improve performance of detecting malicious apps. Furthermore, we evaluate our model with numerous scenarios in order to verify the model's design and performance.