• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.311-323
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• 2019

The number of newly constructed traditional Korean houses, i.e., Hanoks, and light-frame buildings is increasing. However, related research is limited owing to the lack of awareness regarding safety evaluations. Therefore, this study conducted an outdoor exposure test to accurately evaluate wooden constructions. Spruce, pine, and fir (SPF) material was monitored for a year, wherein the SPF material was artificially dried under 18% moisture content, and its physical properties and color differences were measured once a month. Large differences were observed in the material's weight and moisture content, which are indexes sensitive to daily range and rainfall; however, no significant difference was found for other basic properties in the pre and post test results. Herein, $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$ values represent color differences; these values exhibited a general decrease after the test. Such differences were attributed to the loss of lignin in the wood. The color difference value was high between the months of May and July, when the daily range and rainfall significantly fluctuated. Multiple regression analysis was performed on the $a^*$ value (redness indicator), daily range, rainfall, and ultraviolet index. The results indicated that the daily range influenced redness the most. According to the estimated regression equation, the daily range and redness are positively correlated. Based on the results, the types and influence of independent variables on color difference are expected to change as the wood's duration of outdoor exposure and the amount of data obtained both increase.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.29-38
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• 2018

This study aims to analyze the spatial characteristics of a group of samurai residences among other traditional Japanese villages and to accumulate the village-level sample data of a residential group, which can serve as the foundation for a wide range of discussions. Using data that had been gathered since 1989, this study draw up a prototype floor plans to analyze the indoor spatial features of the residences in the modern period, and sampled 35 samurai houses. The following are the results of this study. The general characteristics of traditional Japanese houses were found among many Izumi Fumoto samurai residences up until the early Meiji period. However, after gradually the floor plan became more and more simplified; connections between rooms were reduced, decreasing their flexibility; and there was a rise in the number of houses with a larger area devoted to the Nando, a room for women and family members. The access of a visitor involved changes in one's eye-level view and established physical and psychological boundaries, which this study conjectures was used as a method to ensure that the visitor recognized the authority of the patriarch and to raise the family's reputation. As their floor plan was simplified, Izumi Fumoto samurai houses established one's eye view, boundaries, and procedures as a way to enhance the authority of the man of the family and the family's reputation. In addition, while there was an increasing number of residences that expanded the area of the Nando, in which family members slept and used the space in a stable way, they maintained the exclusivity of private space and did not clearly show who would use it.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2024

This paper assesses the structural performance of the Daeungbojeon Hall of Magoksa in Gongju, a representative multi-tiered roof traditional timber structure from the Joseon Dynasty, under vertical loads. Employing midas Gen, a structural analysis software, we developed a three-dimensional analysis model closely resembling the actual structure. Static analysis was employed to evaluate the safety and serviceability of the main vertical and horizontal members under vertical loads. While all members met the safety and serviceability criteria, structural weaknesses were identified in the Daelyang of the lower floor, particularly as a transitional beam, necessitating improvement. For the evaluation of dynamic behavior characteristics, eigenvalue analysis was conducted, assuming a relative rotational stiffness of 5% at the main joints. The natural period was determined to be 1.105 seconds, placing it within the category of a Hanok of similar size. The first mode manifested as a translational movement in the forward and backward direction of the building.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.115-127
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of change in the composition of indoor spaces in Korean-style houses which have been repaired and improved extensively through the 'Bukchon Improvement Project' and are being utilized for public purposes. For this, we conducted a field survey through visiting the house sites from the 5th to the 26th of May, 2006. Conclusions drawn from this study are as follows. Bukchon Korean-style houses maintain centripetal space composition, in which the rooms surround the court. Centering on the court, the hierarchy of spaces is determined, and the hierarchy of spaces and the composition of internal layout are restructured centering on the court and the main hall without change in direction and position. The main hall is sometimes converted to a room, but it maintains an open space relation with other spaces centering on the court, and therefore, even after its use has been changed, it is still the most Korean-style space. In addition, with floor heating, the common sitting-style life is maintained continuously although the rooms have been converted and standing-style furniture is used. In this way, publicly promoted policies for Korean-style houses are allowed within the limit that the appearance is maintained and the internal spaces do not change the overall structure. However, in order to maintain the tradition of Korean-style houses and utilize them as various spaces, the following supplementations are necessary. First, the main hall and the inner court of a Koreanstyle house should be utilized actively. The court sometimes keeps individuals' privacy or expands the space by extending the view to outdoor spaces, and is sometimes used as an open space through interconnection between the inside and the outside of the house. Second, consideration should be given to vertical spaces. Horizontal expansion causes a change of floor plan. Thus, space should be secured using various cross-sectional changes, such as a kitchen and a loft over the kitchen. Third, structure should be changeable in order to adjust the size of spaces. Thus, through research on traditional windows, we need to develop changeable walls that can be installed and removed easily according to the use of spaces.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.12-23
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• 2016

This paper presents a novel concept of Disaster Prevention Design (DPD) and its derived subjects and topics for the safety of folk villages in both Korea and Japan. Nowadays, design concepts are focused on 'human-oriented nature' as a whole and this tendency fits to be appropriate for disaster prevention against real dangers of a future society, which is expected to have far more complicated features. On the other hand, convergences have performed with other areas in the field of Information Communication Technology (ICT) so that we can easily find examples like 'the strategy of ICT-based convergence' of the Korean Government in 2014. Modern content designs including UI (user interface) and USN (ubiquitous sensor network) have been developed as one of the representative areas of ICT & UD (universal design) convergences. These days this novel concept of convergence is overcoming the existing limitations of the conventional design concept focused on product and/or service. First of all, from that point our deduced topic or subject would naturally be a monitoring system design of constructional structures in folk villages for safety. We offer an integrated model of maintenance and a management-monitoring scheme. Another important point of view in the research is a safety sign or sign system installed in folk villages or traditional towns and their standardization. We would draw up and submit a plan that aims to upgrade signs and sign systems applied to folk villages in Korea and Japan. According to our investigations, floods in Korea and earthquakes in Japan are the most harmful disasters of folk villages. Therefore, focusing on floods in the area of traditional towns in Korea would be natural. We present a water-level expectation model using deep learning simulation. We also apply this method to the area of 'Andong Hahoe' village which has been registered with the World Cultural Heritage of UNESCO. Folk village sites include 'Asan Oeam', 'Andong Hahoe' and 'Chonju Hanok' villages in Korea and 'Beppu Onsen' village in Japan. Traditional Streets and Markets and Safe Schools and Parks are also chosen as nearby test-beds for DPD based on ICT. Our final goal of the research is to propose and realize an integrated disaster prevention and/or safety system based on big data for both Korea and Japan.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.93-102
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• 2011

Existing research for store has been localized in that of Seoul area, and research for the Japanese style store built under the rule of Japanese Imperialism has not been done properly owing to national sentiment. This research established Naju that inland pillage is available along Yeongsan River after opening of Mokpo harbor. I will compare modernization developmental process of building of Korean style store with that of Japanese Style store, so obviously try to make clear the activities of modernization by linking social and economical change with Joseon merchants' life. I will try to light up the position of korean style store in Naju area in history of architecture by analyzing two styles of stores into urban architectural element, putting process of change in order and translating it according to flow of age. The development process of Korean restaurant stores and that of Japanese counterparts are rather relative. Whereas Japanese accumulated wealth through oppression and exploitation of the people of Joseon the former dynasty of present day Korea, the people of Joseon could not but be oppressed and depressed. On the other hand, while the dynamic liberation movements of Joseon merchants managed to develop based on the vitality that was growing ever more, Japanese chose to back down to some degree by exercising appeasing policy. The efforts to take initiative by shattering off the submissive attitude can be found from the ability fostering movement, Gwangju students campaign and new construction or remodeling of hanok the traditional Korean house as commercial building in the 1920s. The changing phase of the people breaking away from subjugated relation to subjective attitude can be found in the commercial districts.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.74-88
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to explore university students' Hanbok rental behavior and to examine factors that influence their intention to rent Hanbok. Questionnaires were distributed in Universities in the Seoul metropolitan area, and the final 202 responses were used for data analysis. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, cluster analysis, t-tests, and multiple regressions analysis were used. Sixty-one percent of those who have experienced Hanbok rental said they rented Hanboks to experience tourism and 22 percent said they rented Hanboks to take pictures, and the main rental places are tourist attractions such as Jeonju Hanok Village. Respondents indicated that the design and color of Hanbok were important product attributes when they consider renting a Hanbok. They also indicated that the opinions of other users posted on the Internet/Social Network were their main source of information for Hanbok rental. The result of cluster analysis showed that there were two groups of Hanbok rental consumers based on clothing consumption values: novelty-seeking group and practicality-seeking group. The two groups were different in terms of few factors of the benefit sought of Hanbok rental, product attributes, and information sources. Regression analysis revealed that traditional culture perception, purpose-built Hanbok pursuit benefit, pragmatic pursuit benefit, attitude toward Hanbok, and the previous Hanbok rental experience significantly affected respondents' intention to rent Hanbok. Based on the results, this study summarizes the key features of each group and provides suggestion for developing strategic marketing activities.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.59-66
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• 2022

This study is to investigate the old buildings that have been built more than 50 years ago, targeting the areas of Seongan and Jungang-dong, the historic urban area of Cheongju. Their types and distribution characteristics are as follows. 1) First, the old buildings existing in downtown Cheongju account for 21.4% of 1,070 out of the total 5,000 buildings. Among them, wooden buildings before the 1950s accounted for 60% of them, resulting in severe aging. 2) Second, by use, 728 detached houses and 276 neighborhood living facilities account for 93.8% of the total, with 16 offices and 12 religious facilities. By structure, there are wood 65%, masonry 30%, and reinforced concrete 5% (54 buildings). By number of floors, the first floor 90%, the second floor 7.3%, and the third floor or higher 2.7% (30 buildings). The roof material is 51.6% of earthenware, followed by slate, cement, and slab. 3) Third, the old buildings are scattered all over the streets, and are concentrated in Namju-dong, Nammun-ro 1-ga-dong, Seoun-dong, and Sudong at the foot of Uamsan Mountain, a former refugee village. Also old buildings are distributed in Seoun-dong and Seokgyo-dong where hanok(korean traditional houses) are concentrated, in Namju and Nammunro 1 ga-dong blocks connected by alleys, and in cul-de-sac all over the place.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.110-118
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• 2012

This study aimed to research theoretical reviews of streetscape and to analysis the correlation between visual properties and preference of streetscape in Bukchon around Gahoe-dong which is a dense Hanok area. Therefore we analyzed a relation between visual quantities and preference intended Samcheong-dong 35 street, Gahoe-dong 31 street and Gahoe-dong 11 street the representative streetscape in Bukchon. Also we extracted common factors of images of the streetscape in Bukchon and figured out a relation between the visual image evaluation and the preference by regression analysis. The result of the analysis is as follows. First, it was the streetscape of Gahoe-dong 31 street which get more scores than any other streetscape in preference. And we figured out that the higher the ceiling and the visual quantities of planting the more preference. Second, streetscape in Bukchon was explained by 'aesthetics', 'amenity' and 'orderliness' in psychological view. And there was noticeable difference in aesthetics aspect between Gahoe-dong 31 street the highest preferred place and the Samcheong-dong 35 street the lowest preferred place. Third, as a result of regression analysis on preference and factor scores about psychological variables, we figured out that the factor which explains aesthetics effects most on the preference.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.224-232
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• 2020

This study aimed to verify the relationship of a city's history and identity through an architectural assets survey of Daejeon Metropolitan City. To achieve these purposes, the architectural assets survey was carried out, and the characteristics were reviewed. The results of this study are as follows. (1) The architectural assets are composed of 86.5% buildings, 7.4% space environments, and 6.1% infrastructure. (2) Of the architectural assets, 52.7% were constructed in the 1960s~1980s, and 25.0% were built before the Korean War. (3) The physical characteristics of the architectural assets are represented by the single floor, housing and religious facilities, traditional Korean roof tiles, and cement mortar and wood finishing. The characteristics of the architectural assets of Daejeon Metropolitan City are related to the allocation of public offices, banks, and government buildings after the relocation of Chungnam-Do Province Office in the 1930s, and reconstruction and revival around Daejeon station after the Korean War. In particular, the accumulation of Hanok for the shrine in Isa-dong and the townhouse for railroad officers in Soje-dong represent the regional and modern history of Daejeon Metropolitan City.