• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.54-65
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• 1985

Korean Landscape Garden may be described according to its stage of development. In the primitive agricultural era, the garden was preceded by vegetable yards and at this time rock arranging (Soo-Sok garden) was initiated together with the megalithis culture of dolmens, heavenly altars and tumuli. In the early Three Kingdom period palace gardens were built on a grand scale and toward the end of fourth century temple garden were introduced along with Buddhism. These gardens evolved to the flourishment of "HWAGE"(terraced gardens) rock arrangements of ZEN, early KOR-YO period. Especially since the middle of KOR-Yo period the "IM-CHUN"(forest and pond) garden became popular, while during Cho-Son period "HWAGE" in the back yard, pond and pool garden and "IM-CHUN" style country villa became fashionable. The Korea traditional Landscape garde may be characterized that first it is a nature Landscape style, which makes the maximum accomodation with the surrounding nature. Secondly, the Korean garden is built creatively by utilizing the elements of its climate and topography, Kogu-Ryo, Paik-Je great-Kaya and Sil-Ra had developed original a castle town plans and beautiful gardens rock arrangements which precede the equivalent style of China and set the prototype for Japan. The Landscape art of waterfalls and rock arrangements at An-Ap-Chi garden of 7th century has no equals in China and set the origin of pond style of Japanese garden.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.119-129
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• 1999

It may be said that ancient wild Chinese garden had been founded during Qin dynasty and completed through Han, Sui and Tang dynasties. At first used as hunting areas for kings, the ancient resort forests began to take forms of garden. They dug a pond in the garden and made a simulated mountains with the soil that came from the excavations for the pond and suc pavilions has Gyong, Ru, Gak etc. were built around the pond. The ponds were different in size from those in Korea, being of the lake-like size. they made three island in the pond, which were the islands of Taoist hermits with supernatural powers, called Bong-lae, Young-ju and Band-jang respectively. the traditional of making those islands began in the Qin era and were completed in the Han era, being descended to posterity as a traditional garden structure of 'three islands in one pond' garden style. Such style was brought to Korea and first appeared as Kung-Nam-Ji in Back-jae kingdom and then brought to Japan, becoming the tradition of constructing ponds from early Heian era. Those lake-like huge Chinese ponds constituted the core of ancient garden where various feasts took place. Such ponds were also placed at the center of the gardens and played the roles of feasting garden ponds. Through the above-mentioned studies of the ancient Chines garden, the origin of them and the influence of the ancient Chinese ponded garden upon those of Korea and Japan were investigated.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.12-20
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• 2015

Sujeong-Dong garden heritage is a unique, valuable villa garden constructed by Gosan Yoon Sun-Do during middle Joseon period. However, the site has been faced on damage risk because of the development of near quarry. The purpose of the study is to suggest careful maintenance plan for the valuable Korean traditional garden heritage. For the plan, the study conducts the interview of residents and experts, literature review, the investigation of historical materials, site survey, and the analysis of aerial photography. The results are following: Firstly, the paper divides the site into three types of an excavation area: core, recommend and investigation. Secondly, of remained Gosan's one and remains of unknown contents, it has the plan of vegetation maintenance, safety facilities, pathway maintenance, and service area. Thirdly, it also suggests pathway plan for authentic garden promenade according to the literature of Sanjungsingok(山中新曲), site survey, and interviews with residents and experts. The study has a special meaning for an insightful approach based on the accurate site survey, research, and the consideration of practical use.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.28-38
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• 2011

Dwelling reflects the continuance and change that, in general, expresses the era's cultural and social values. The yard of Korean traditional dwelling, although it is an exterior space, it is a companion space that is engaged with the main house. It operates many housing functions that were not achieved within the interior space. After the time of enlightenment, shape, function and the meaning of Korean traditional house yard along with the change of values and major living style has been changing. Therefore, to understand how the Chosun Dynasty's house yard is being used in modern days, this study is based on the research of 47 sites and conducted a study regarding the acculturation and division the house yards. Typical elements in the target garden site that are expressed in a way differentiated from the original form of the Korean traditional house yard were the materials and methods of planting, the use of garden ornaments, paving materials, the use of water, and changes in kitchen gardens. As the role of house yards changes, the modern division of the style of gardens occurred; the areas in a garden have been divided and the form of a garden has been differentiated according to the limit and initiative. The pursuit of ornamentality and practicality led to the differentiation of gardens' functions, while seeking after convenience resulted in the division of gardens' materials. The use of gardens has also been differentiated by adding commerciality and a concept of open garden in both symbolic and daily manners.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate how the three korean traditional gardens in France and Japan were representing the tradition by comparing and reviewing them. The concerns for analysing the korean garden made in foreign counties were focused on issue of a representation. Representing a Korean garden into three foreign parks depends on the manner of a representation. their objects and media. We found the characteristics through analysing the korean gardens that traditional elements such as a traditional pavilion, fence, madang, chosan and hwagye were generally chosen as essential elements for representing the korean tradition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.1022-1027
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• 2004

Soswaewon is one of the most representative traditional garden in Korea which has the highest reach of soundscape with the sounds and landscape components. This study aims to find out and to introduce the characteristics of soundscape in Korean traditional garden and to establish the basic data of soundscape research. Literature survey, of ancient poetry, acoustical survey on the sound itself and questionnaire survey to the visitors were carried out to analyse the relationships between the images perceived by the visitors and the characteristics of soundscape components in Soswaewon.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2020

This study aims to analyze restoration techniques of traditional garden sites targeted Korean, Chinese, Japanese palace garden. Restoration was divided into the restore foundation and restore individual elements depending on the residual state of the actual garden features. And derived characteristics that should be considered by conservation techniques. The results are as follows; First, the Wanfo Pavilion Area in Beihai Park where the foundation and foundation stones were restored based on the relevant literature and comparative analysis. The Archaeological Site in Gwanbuk-ri, Buyeo restored only the remaining structures of the ponds, waterways and large buildings among the areas where the excavation was completed. The Second Daigokuden Garden in Heijokyo Palace restored building sites and foundation, and installed poles and piles so that the area of the Second Daigokuden Garden could be known. Second, Donggung Palace and Wolji Pond, Gyeongju where the restoration of individual elements was made, preemptively restored the remains of traditional gardens based on pond garden estuaries and feedbacks that were confirmed through initial excavation. Huanghuazhen Area in Yuanmingyuan Garden was restored based on Western copper plate prints and related records, but further data found after the restoration confirmed that it was restored differently than it is now. East Palace Garden in Heijokyo Palace covered existing features with soil and restored buildings on them. Typical garden elements such as landscape stone and waterways were preserved and exposed. Third, foundation restore is a case in which the base is identified through the current state of the traditional garden site, it is important to restore the foundation first and secure the territoriality when there is no restoration plan for the elevation structure or size of the garden relics. Restoration of individual garden elements requires careful examination of the literature by limiting the restoration of objects that can be restored through the examination of the literature for each element, such as some buildings or facilities in the traditional garden site.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.149-159
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• 2018

The study is aimed at establishing basic data to identify the original forms of the garden in Unbo's House. Through interviews and related data comparison analysis the ideas and major events of the person involved in establishing a garden in Unbo's House. Also, derived the direct and indirect effects of these people on gardening. The results are as follows: First, Those directly related to garden in Unbo's House are representative figures of cultural heritage and traditional art in Korea. Based on their expertise and abundant experience in traditional spaces, they contributed greatly to the creation of Unbo's House as a traditional space. Unbo Kim, Gi-Chang who directly influenced Unbo's House gardening, which affected the site selection, location, and the installation of major garden plant plants and traditional landscaping facilities. Hyegok Choi, Soon-Woo recommended Wabon Kim, Dong-Hyun at the request of Kim Ki-Chang and was involved in the overall plan. Housing design, space design and design of major facilities such as pond were confirmed Wabon Kim Dong-Hyun. Second, Kim, Gi-Chang's wife Jeong, Rae-Hyun, who motived to construct a garden. Nosan Lee, Eun-Sang and Korean artist Lee, Seok-Ho were created a signboard and board of the Pillar to encourage simple life in paintings. The themes of the article motived image as creative. In addition, Kim, Hyeong-Sik and Kim, Wan who son of Unbo, has been with Unbo for a long time, watching and influencing garden changes in Unbo's House. Third, The main factors that influenced the garden by character are as follows. Unbo Kim, Ki-Chang had a thorough record-setting spirit and his longing for his mother and wife affected the selection of the site and setting the direction of the garden. His art world with the symbolic emphasis of traditional landscapes, including traditional facilities, and especially plant materials. Choi, Sun-Woo reflected his traditional consciousness and experience in the construction of Unbo's House. Kim, Dong-Hyun applied the basic framework of a traditional building based on Yeonkyongdang hall in Changdeokgung palace. He also reflected on the traditional landscaping design the facilities of ponds acquired through excavation of Donggung Palace and Wolji Pond, Gyeongju. Nosan Lee, Eun-Sang and Lee, Seok-Ho completed their unique place in Unbo's House. Kim, Hyung-Sik was involved in the process of changing, while Kim Wan ran the Unbo's House which he inherited from Kim, Ki-Chang.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 2020

There are remains of Japanese gardens in Korea which were built during Japanese occupation in 1910-1945. However, systematic database has not been established for location, quantity, nor types of remaining gardens. This study is aimed at defining current status of Japanese gardens built in Korea. By categorizing types of remaining these Japanese gardens, we also aimed to build a systematic data base for Japanese gardens in Korea. This study was co-conducted by researchers from Korea and Japan. The team identified 17 Japanese gardens remaining in South Korea and categorized them into 4 groups; 1) Japanese garden built by Japanese in modern Japanese house in South Korea, 2) Japanese garden built by Korean in traditional Korean garden and 3) Garden built by Japanese in temples in Korea. (at request by Koreans). This categorization reveals information about the inflow of Japanese gardening culture into Korea and deserves to be an important part of modern gardening History. And the rest are 4) Japanese gardens built at Korean residence, but with much damage and alternation. In this paper, we present the findings to serve as preliminary data for defining Korean traditional gardens and for utilizing Japanese gardens in Korea as historical and cultural infrastructure.

• Journal of recreation and landscape
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

Recently, growing emphasis has been placed on the installation of rain gardens. However, previous rain garden studies have mainly focused on physicochemical effects such as rainfall runoff management and water quality improvement. Therefore, this study aims to investigate general perceptions of rain gardens and landscape aesthetics among rain garden visitors. To achieve this goal, a survey of 100 rain garden visitors was conducted, gathering information about their general perceptions of rain gardens and landscape aesthetics at three pre-selected rain garden locations. Results showed that rain garden recognition was limited to 34% of the respondents, indicating that most people were not aware of rain gardens and were unable to notice differences between rain gardens and traditional gardens. However, stronger support for rain gardens was observed among those who were aware of the concept, those who recognized that rain garden planting types are differentiated from traditional gardens, and those who rated positively the landscape aesthetic value of rain gardens. The main findings are expected to encourage further studies of quantitative indicators by conducting a correlation analysis between aesthetics and functionality of rain gardens.