• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.228-236
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• 2023

Background: QiShen YiQi pills (QSYQ) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula, which has a significant effect on the treatment of patients with myocardial infarction (MI) in clinical practice. However, the molecular mechanism of QSYQ regulation pyroptosis after MI is still not fully known. Hence, this study was designed to reveal the mechanism of the active ingredient in QSYQ. Methods: Integrated approach of network pharmacology and molecular docking, were conducted to screen active components and corresponding common target genes of QSYQ in intervening pyroptosis after MI. Subsequently, STRING and Cytoscape were applied to construct a PPI network, and obtain candidate active compounds. Molecular docking was performed to verify the binding ability of candidate components to pyroptosis proteins and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) induced cardiomyocytes injuries were applied to explore the protective effect and mechanism of the candidate drug. Results: Two drug-likeness compounds were preliminarily selected, and the binding capacity between Ginsenoside Rh2 (Rh2) and key target High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1)was validated in the form of hydrogen bonding. 2 μM Rh2 prevented OGD-induced H9c2 death and reduced IL-18 and IL-1β levels, possibly by decreasing the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, inhibiting the expression of p12-caspase1, and attenuating the level of pyroptosis executive protein GSDMD-N. Conclusions: We propose that Rh2 of QSYQ can protect myocardial cells partially by ameliorating pyroptosis, which seems to have a new insight regarding the therapeutic potential for MI.

• CELLMED
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.18.1-18.16
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• 2012

An oncology-specific database called OncoRx (http://bit.ly/cancerRx) was previously set up in cyberspace to aid clinicians in identifying interactions of anticancer drugs (ACDs) and chemotherapy regimens with traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs). Since then, users have requested the drug-CAM interactions (DCIs) of 5 specific CAMs (cranberry, melatonin, co-enzyme Q10, huachansu, reishi mushroom) to be updated in the database. Pharmacokinetic properties (metabolism, enzyme induction/inhibition, elimination), TCM properties and DCIs of each CAM were collated with 117 ACDs using 9 hardcopy compendia and online databases as resources. Additionally, individual ACDs and CAMs were used as keywords for PubMed searches in combination with the terms 'anticancer drugs', 'drug interactions', 'herb-drug/drug-herb interactions', 'pharmacokinetic interactions' and 'pharmacodynamic interactions'. DCI parameters consisted of interaction effects, evidence summaries, proposed management plans and alternative non-interacting CAMs, together with relevant citations and update dates of the DCIs. OncoRx is also used as a case to introduce the "Four Pharmaco-cybernetic Maxims" of quality, quantity, relationship and manner to developers of digital healthcare tools. Its role in Hayne's "5S" hierarchy of research evidence is also presented. OncoRx is meant to complement existing DCI resources for clinicians and alternative medicine practitioners as an additional drug information resource that provides evidence-based DCI information for ACD-CAM interactions.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2012

Objectives : This study is set out to discover more about the treatment of anxiety disorder in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Methods : We searched the database-China Academic Journals(CAJ). For papers published since 2007-2011, which are classified in categories. Results : We have finally selected 23 articles, and the results were as follows: 1. Stages of Anxiety disorder are discussed in various aspects. 2. Diagnostic criteria and evaluation criteria were the same, especially, in the CCMD and HAMA was used most frequently. Adverse effects were reported using TESS. 3. There are various ways, such as Herbal medicine, acupuncture, electroacupuncture stimulation, acupoints injection, and abdominal massage therapy to treat Anxiety disorders in TCM. 4. Zizyphus jujuba, Poligala tenuifolia, Poria cocos are mainly used in herbal medicine. Sinmun(HT7), Sameumgyo(SP6), Naegwan(PC6) are mainly used in acupuncture points. 5. The treatment group, cured by herbal medicine or acupuncture, was similar in its therapeutic efficiency to that of the control group, which was cured by western medicine. In some cases, the treatment group was better off than the control group. Herbal medicines have been reported that they have less side effects and drug addiction than the western medicines. We predict that herbal medicine in the treatment for anxiety disorders will have an advantage. Conclusions : There are a wide range of approaches in the treatments for Anxiety disorders in TCM. In some aspects, herbal medicine is more effective than that of the western medicine. According to this study, we predict that herbal medicine in the treatment for anxiety disorders, has some advantage. Therefore, there is a need for more clinical research for this disorder in Korean traditional medicine.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.203-206
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• 2018

Objectives: There is an increasing number of complex diseases that are progressively more difficult to be controlled using the conventional "single compound, single target" approach as demonstrated in our current modern drug development. TCM might be the new cornerstone of treatment alternative when the current treatment option is no longer as effective or that we have exhausted it as an option. Orthogonal stimulus-response compatibility group study is one of the most frequently employed formulas to produce optimal herbal combination for treatment of multi-syndromic diseases. This approach could solve the relatively low efficacy single drug therapy usage and chronic adverse effects caused by long terms administration of drugs that has been reported in the field of pharmacology and medicine Methods: The present review was based on the Science Direct database search for those related to the TCM and the development of antihypertensive TCM herbal combination using orthogonal stimulus-response compatibility group studies approach. Results: Recent studies have demonstrated that the orthogonal stimulus-response compatibility group study approach was most frequently used to formulate TCM herbal combination based on the TCM principles upon the selection of herbs, and the resulting formulated TCM formula exhibited desired outcomes in treating one of global concerned complex multi-syndromic diseases, the hypertension. These promising therapeutic effects were claimed to have been attributed by the holistic signaling mechanism pathways employed by the crude combination of herbs. Conclusion: The present review could serve as a guide and prove the feasibility of TCM principles to be used for future pharmacological drug research development.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.187-197
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to find a reasonable solution to a current status of drug classification between the drugs of western conventional (allopathic) medicine and Korean medicine. A clear and distinct concept on the drugs of allopathic medicine and Korean medicine based on reasonable concepts and broad consensus is a pressing issue in Korea, and will facilitate the development of herbal medicinal products and pharmaceutical industry. Methods : Considering the issue of drug classification from domestic and international regulations, we reviewed the current Drug Law of Korea and China, Guidance for Industry, Botanical Drug Products of USA, Directive 2004/24/EC of the European parliament and of the council. Results : In Korea, the drug classification of allopathic medicine and Korean medicine is quite vague even though differential licensure system is enforced for the clinicians of allopathic medicine and Korean medicine field. According to the definition in the Drug Law, the scope of Korean medicine drug is so broad that even a drug made of single-compound material, as well as herbal extract of crude mixture, is regarded as a drug of Korean medicine, as long as the material may be separated from medicinal herbs, animal tissues, or mineral resources. Only new compound not found in natural resources are outside of the scope of Korean medicine drug. In USA and EU, medicinal products manufactured from herbs are approved by separate regulations for the herbs with special waivers. In China, the category of new medicine and the definition of allopathic medicine and traditional chinese medicine are clearly specified and classified. Conclusions : As medicines are validated therapeutic materials for efficacy and toxicity, we suggest that generally the concept of conventional medicines is based on a single compound that has been synthesized and individually validated and that of Korean medicines is based on a compound extracted from natural materials or a complex of compounds that has been validated as a whole in its totality.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.88-95
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• 1989

Traditional Chinese herbal drugs, namely, Atractylodes Rhizome and Atractylodes Rhizome White were identified by means of chemical analysis such as TLC and GC/MS. In Korea, the old-grown and the newly-grown rhizomes of Atractylodes japonica Koidzumi (Compositae) are used as the Atractylodes Rhizome and the Atractylodes Rhizome White, respectively. Both rhizomes contain the atractylon asa major spot on TLC. The content of atractylon in a newly-grown rhizome of A. japonica (Atractylodes Rhizome White called in Korea) appears to contain much larger quantity in comparison with that of an old-growon one (Atractylodes Rhizome). The TLC spot pattern analysis showed that rhizomes of A. japonica and A. macrocephala contain the atractylon as a major indicator spot, but no atractylodin (extreamly small amount). However, rhizomes of A. lancea De Candolle and A. koreana Kitamura contain the atractylodin as a major indicator spot.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.81-89
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• 2003

Polygoni multiflori Radix has been used as a tonic medicine. In Korea, Cynanchi wilfordii Radix have been used too. Their names are resembled, but their plant origines are different. Polygoni multiflori Radix is called 何首烏 or 赤何首烏, and Cynanchi wilfordii Radix is 白何首烏 or 白首烏. They are suggested that they had been confused using at the early days in drug history. Polygoni multiflori Radix is enclosed in the pharmacopoeias of Korea, North Korea, Chinese and Japan. The nomina of pharmacopoeias are 赤何首烏 at North Korea and 何首烏 at other countries; Korea, Chinese and Japan. Cynanchi wilfordii Radix is just enclosed in Korea and North Korea. It means that Cynanchi wilfordii Radix has been commonly prescribed in Korea and North Korea than other countries. The nomina of pharmacopoeias are 白首烏 in Korea and 白何首烏 in North Korea. The characteristics of 何首烏 in ancient herbal records are confused of Polygoni multiflori Radix and Cynanchi wilfordii Radix. But Polygoni multiflori Radix is fixed at 何首烏 later. In Korea (south and north) Cynanchi wilfordii Radix has been recorded to using in 東醫寶鑑 that was Korea traditional Medicinal book and wrote at 1613. The 白首烏 is named in chinese about 20 century, but 白何首烏 is in korea about 19 century. In these consequences, prescription of Cynanchi wilfordii Radix in Korea is earlier than Chinese and Japan, and more common consumption too. So the nomen of 白何首烏 is better properly than 白首烏 in Korean Herbal pharmacopoeia.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.421-447
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• 2014

Traditional medicine has been integrated into the national health system in many countries such as Korea, China, Taiwan, etc. Korea and China are most representative among them. The purpose of this study is to compare the policies on traditional medicine in Korea and China focusing on where it came from and where it is headed. In this regard, the study suggested the first analysis tool in the world for analyzing the policy of traditional medicine. The results of the study are as follows: First of all, the development process of Korean Medicine (KM) and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) shows the same pattern, that is, both are influenced by its own national policies. Secondly, the difference between the two countries is due to the gap in the development status or the different aspects in national heath system. TCM is more vitalized in health system and has larger category, and stays ahead in globalization compared to KM. TCM covers Chinese medicine, integrative medicine and ethno-medicine. Korea emphasizes the role of KM in the declining birthrate and aging society, and promotes the overseas patient invitation strategy. China, on the other hand, establishes the medical system for emergency medical treatment and preventive treatment of major diseases and promotes overseas expansion of TCM service. In addition, Korea stressed the safety and distribution of herbal medicine, and China emphasizes production technologies. Korea has a strong medical device industry along with the government's fostering policy; however, in China, medical devices are in the R&D stage yet. Even though both countries promotes the drug development from natural products, Korea focuses on developing herbal cosmetics in application industry, but China shows weakness in policies on application industry. China shores up the foundation for culture and theory of traditional medicine, while Korea doesn't have related policy. Korea places emphasis on promoting collaboration with international organizations and medical volunteer programs, whereas China is more interested in mutual cooperation and real trade with other countries.

• Journal of TMJ Balancing Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.12-20
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• 2020

Objectives: Tourette syndrome (TS) is a disease that occurs evenly in many social classes. Despite the long experience of drug treatment, the preference is low due to various side effects. The aim of this study was to discover herbal medicine resources through network pharmacology analysis predicted to be useful for Tourette syndrome. Methods: We used Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) to identify herbal medicines that can be used for TS by using network pharmacology research methods and to predict the mechanism of action. After evaluating compounds of each identified herb, molecular target proteins and mechanisms of action were analyzed, focusing on compounds that are likely to exhibit clinical activity in consideration of the pharmacokinetic parameters of these individual compounds. Results: Fifty nine ingredients such as atropine, veraguensin, and nuciferin among the compounds contained in 48 types of medicinal herbs such as Daturae Flos (洋金花), Salviae Radix (丹参), and Nelumbinis Plumula (蓮子心) act on the D(2) dopamine receptor, which is a protein involved in the development of TS. It has been found that atropine, veraguensin, and nuciferin are highly likely to exhibit activity by acting on the G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway. Conclusions: It can be used in conjunction with non-invasive treatment means such as FCST Yinyang Balancing Appliance with herbal therapy to bring about a significant therapeutic effect, and it will be possible to develop a treatment that can replace drug therapy used in Western medicine.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.124-142
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• 2017

Objectives: This study aimed to learn what should be considered in [Guideline of Clinical Trial with Herbal Medicinal Product for Gastric Cancer)] by analyzing the existing guidelines and clinical trials. Methods: The development committee searched guidelines for herbal medicinal product or gastric cancer developed already. Then, clinical trials for gastric cancer using herbal medicine were searched. The searched trials were analyzed in terms of inclusion and exclusion of participants, intervention, comparator, outcomes and trial design. Then, we compared the results of analysis with the regulations and guidelines of Ministry of Food and Drug Safety to suggest the issue that we will have to consider when making the [Guideline of Clinical Trial with Herbal Medicinal Product for Gastric Cancer]. Results: As a result, few guidelines for anti-tumor agent and clinical trial with herbal medicinal product were searched in the national institution homepage. In addition, 10 articles were searched by using the combination following search term; 'stomach neoplasm', 'herbal medicine', 'Medicine, Korean traditional', 'Medicine, Chinese Traditional', 'TCM', 'TKM', 'trial'. Most trials included gastric cancer participants with medical history of operation. The type of intervention was various such as decoction, granules, and fluid of intravenous injection. Comparators were diverse such as placebo, conventional treatment including chemotherapy and nutritional supplement. The most frequently used outcome for efficacy was quality of life. Besides, the symptom score, tumor response, and survival rate were used. Safety was investigated by recording adverse events. Conclusion: We found out some issue by reviewing the existing guidelines and comparing it with clinical trials for gastric cancer and herbal medicinal products. These results will be utilized for developing [Guideline of Clinical Trial with Herbal Medicinal Product for Gastric Cancer].