• Korea Trade Review
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.127-142
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• 2019

As Korea's steel industry exports 38 percent of its total steel production, the future management environment of the steel industry will change depending on the outcome of the FTA negotiations. The overall industrial structure of the domestic steel industry depends on the rules of origin, which are directly linked to the effect of concessionary tariffs. Therefore, negotiations on rules of origin are as important as tariff liberalization for Korea's steel industry. Korea's cold-rolled and plated companies are expected to be negatively affected as the country of origin standards of steel products have not considered the steel production processes in Korea. In future FTA talks, the country of origin rules should be agreed on a change of tariff classification basis. This result would secure a stable export market through increased predictability of steelmakers and reduce the risk of increased costs of oil and intangible products. In addition, the government should consider the structure of domestic supply and demand so that it does not impose constraints on the change of tariff classification. Finally, participants in the negotiations should consider the opinions of the domestic steel industry.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.338-349
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• 2020

This study was conducted to find ways to expand investment and seek cooperation measure in Cambodia. It is located on the Indochina Peninsula in East Asia, and has historically suffered a lot from social systems and politics. It is a politically constitutional monarchy and shows a neutral tendency in the form of a non-alliance of pro-Westernism. Cambodia recently recorded a high growth rate due to the economic liberalization promoted since the mid-1980s. It is also emerging as the next generation production base in Southeast Asia. The diplomatic relationship, which had been temporarily suspended with Korea, was resumed in 1997. Since then, it has been conducting mutual trade and exchange. Therefore, this study which is as unfamiliar and infrequent looked at Cambodia's economy, trade trends and support plan. In addition, various development possibilities were considered. In particular, in-depth research was conducted on local entry methods and participating projects. First of all, it was devised various ways to expand investment and human exchange, diversify public-private relations, and enter the logistics, distribution, and infrastructure projects directly. As such, this study was developed to serve as a basis for contributing to a part of the research on Cambodian economy and trade in the future.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.21-31
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• 2020

This study investigates the dynamic effects of economic development, international cooperation, electricity consumption, and political risk on the escalation of CO₂ emission in Vietnam. We adopted autoregressive distributed lag model and Granger causality method to examine the interaction between CO₂ and various economic and political factors, including foreign direct investment, trade openness, economic growth, manufacture, electricity consumption, and political risk in Vietnam since the economic revolution in 1986. The findings reflect opposite influence between these factors and the level of CO₂ in the intermediate and long-term durations. Accordingly, foreign direct investment and CO₂ emission have a bidirectional relationship, in which foreign direct investment accelerates short-term CO₂ emission, but reduces it in the long run through an interactive mechanism. Moreover, economic development increases the volume of CO₂ emission in both short and long run. There was also evidence that political risk has a negative effect on the environment. Overall, the findings confirm lasting negative environmental effects of economic growth, trade liberalization, and increased electricity consumption. These factors, with Granger causality, mutually affect the escalation of CO₂ in Vietnam. In order to control the level of CO₂, more efforts are required to improve administrative transparency, attract high-quality foreign investment, and decouple the environment from economic development.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 1995

The rural extension in Korea faces transient period since Green Revolution. The urban-centered rapid industrialization policies have initiated the changes in rural and agricultural sector. Nowadays, the World Trade Organization (WTO), newly established by the agreement of the Uruguay Round (UR), is accelerating the changes in rural areas. The rural structural adjustment program established in 1990, in order to cope with the internal and external changes encompassing rural Korea. The rural structure adjustment program is a political responses to reduce the development gaps among industries and regions within the country and to reinforce the price competitiveness of agricultural products toward trade liberalization. This study aims to apply the contents and principles of the rural structural adjustment program for the extension education. It argues that the rural extension should play a pivotal role to gather, process, and deliver the information related to the rural structural adjustment initiating rapid rural social changes. It suggests that the rural extension services should deal with the development of industries through introducing business management techniques and linking relevant laborers, and the education and employment guidance of potential employees as well as the technological assistance on farm management to farmers.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.243-266
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• 2015

This study does a case study of the electric-electronic cluster in Tamaulipas, Mexico. The purpose of this study is to investigate the development of industrial cluster in Mexico. The electric-electronics cluster in Tamaulipas, Mexico is MNC(Multinational Corporation) cluster. The number of MNC cluster increased after trade liberalization in Mexico. The result has demonstrated that the actual needs of maquila plants run by MNCs are the primary drivers for the formation and development of the cluster, which are related to education and human resource development. Overall, the electric-electronics cluster in Tamaulipas, Mexico is in its initial state, and the linkage between cluster members and local sectors such as Mexican suppliers is not strong. Finally, this study suggests the developmental ideas for the cluster.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.153-168
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• 2002

Korea's marine products trade is taking for phase that income exceeds export after 2000. According to external environment change of Korea and Japan fishery agreement and an import liberalization of marine products, import of live fish and fresh fish is increasing rapidly. This study investigates import view of Japan live fish and fresh fish. Live fish which is imported from Japan has red seabream and seabass, but it is in declining tendency because of the increase in import of cheaper croaker from the China. If see importer's trend, entry to import business of fresh fish is eased a little. If a circulation trend is seen, However, it is thought that a future import trend is influenced by economic trends of Japan and the grade of place-of-production development of a domestic trader. Circulation market outside is common and the district wholesale store has played the important role. The import view of Japanese live fish and a fresh fish will increase against the background of maintenance of domestic circulation organization, and upgrading of marine product consumption However, it is thought that a future import trend is influenced by economic trends of Japan and the grade of place-of-production development of a domestic trader.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.95-108
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• 1995

Localization trends in Korea and trade liberalization in the world are the important challenges to agricultural extension services in Korea, and strategic directions in terms of system, organization, programs and conciousness would be necessary for adapting to the new circunstances. Some of the measures to improve and activate agricultural extension services in Korea should include the following: 1) Modification of extension personnel appointment regulations to secure specialized extension agents by the provincial administrators and county directors at the provincial and county level rural extension services. 2) Flexible organization and operation of county level rural guidance offices to meet the specific needs of local areas. 3) Strenghening the central government's financial support for effective local extension services in terms of facility and manpower. 4) Expansion of agricultural extension programs for women and urban people and quality inservice training for extension personnel.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.248-265
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• 2001

Recently, agriculture in Korea is seriously depressed by economic globalization and trade liberalization because of low competitive power. Organic farming, which is favorable for small scale agriculture, is expected to be one of alternatives to boost agricultural activities in Korea. Organic agriculture requires systemic developments of new technologies considering the complex biological interaction within the system in connection with high quality and safety standard. The National Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology(NIAST) has been worked on the series of organic farming technologies, including bio-pesticides, pheromone, natural enemies as well as the testings of materials used in organic farming. NIAST will concentrate on the technological development for compromising to the conflict between commodity-oriented and ecological harmony. Research on systemic land and water use, management of plant nutrition, pest and disease control, post-harvest would also be important targets. Integrated efforts among researchers, professors, administrators, farmers, private sectors, and extension workers are substantial for fast technology development and its dissemination. Development and use of these technologies will homely enlighten the Korean organic farming although it may require quite a time and endeavor.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.61-84
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• 1994

The Fishery Household Concept is very important, because it furnish the basic information for Fisheries Policy Decision. But it is issued because the Established Fishery Household Concept is not fully reflected present Fisheries Situation. The Targets of Fisheries Policy in Korea can mainly classified Three, that is the stable Supply of Sea Food, Achievement of more high Fishery Household income, the Construction of more Comfortable Fishery Village. For Attainment these targets, the Criterion of Fishery Household Concept should be changed to 60 days from fishery working days,30 days. Also One of the Fishery Household Criterion should be inculuded Income Variable like Farm Household Criterion. This is needed to pay attention because it can provide against Trade Liberalization.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.127-150
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• 2005

Under the WTO system, the farm size expansion or the existing korean agricultural structure should be improved to cope with farm income decrease and to continue rice cultivation for food security in the future. This study is aimed at identifying optimum farm size under trade liberalization and import and export parity price system of inputs and outputs. The optimum farm size expressed the minimum point of long run average cost is determined as 15.1ha. The farm size to be equalized as urban laborer's income of 37,361 thousand won per year was revealed 30ha. Therefore the G't recommended farm size of 6ha should be changed to 30ha and the concerned policies for agricultural structure improvement also should be changed to more flexibilitiy.