• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.54
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• pp.99-122
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• 2012

According to the United Nations Convention on the International Sale of Goods, the Seller must deliver the goods, hand over any documents relating to the them and transfer the property the to the goods as required by the contract, and buyer must pay the price for the goods and take delivery of them as required by the contract. In particular, the seller provides the documents is important. If the documents are discrepancies in credit, the beneficiary may not receive the payment. So It is important to study on conditions of documents in international trade. Documents provided by the seller shall be determined by express terms. If there is no agreement on the express terms, it shall be determined by the implied terms or governing law terms. In practice Seller shall provide the documents are as follows, For example, transport documents, commercial invoice, certificate of origin, insurance policy, packing list, inspection certificate etc. As stated above if it can not be determined by express terms, it is determined by the implied terms. In international trade, leading to the implied terms is incoterms(R) 2010 and UCP 600. Incoterms(R) 2010 define the seller must provide the goods and the commercial in conformity with the sales contract and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract and UCP 600 are rules that apply to documentary credit. This paper, the practical utility between Incoterms(R) 2010 and UCP 600 is studied.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.65
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• pp.141-160
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• 2015

With the steady growth of our nation's economy, the purchase power of our domestic citizens has continuously enhanced. In recent years, online overseas shopping has rapidly warmed up, increasing number of Chinese people have started to purchase overseas products via internet. According to China's current legislation, the imported goods are divided into goods and items based on "profitability standard", and regulated by different rules of clearance supervision and import duties. Goods can't pass through custom and pay duties in the form of items, and the import duties burden of goods is generally much heavier than that of items. Goods of entrusted overseas shopping pass through custom and pay duties in the form of items, but goods of profitable purchasing are goods, not items. Therefore, the profitable-purchasing behavior is smuggling. Although goods of unprofitable purchasing are items, unprofitable-purchasing behavior may also constitute smuggling. The author concludes that causes of smuggling crime are: huge market demand for overseas goods, lack of customs supervision, law blank of petty foreign trade, and public's misconception of entrusted overseas purchasing are the major factors. The author proposes the corresponding preventive measures against the crime, such as to establish an one-stop service system in online Shopping Mall, to modify the Passengers' Baggage Declaration Form, to establish a relatively simplified clearance system of small cargo, to establish a relatively reasonable import duties of petty trade.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.1-22
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• 2018

Utilizing OECD-WTO's Trade in Value Added (TiVA) data, this study investigates the effects of economic integration (EI) on TiVA Empirical results obtained from structural gravity specifications reveal that EI increases trade between member countries, irrespective the types of exports in final goods and intermediate goods as well as foreign value added in total exports and domestic value added in total exports. The empirical results also reveal that EI does not decrease the share of domestic value added in total exports.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.165-176
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• 2021

The primary purpose of this study is to identify determinants influencing Vietnamese consumers' purchase intention towards Japanese convenience goods. The research model consisting of six factors affecting the dependent variable is proposed based on the Theory of Consumption Values and Theory of Perceived Value of purchase. This study employs a survey method in a convenient sampling method to collect data of target respondents. Data consisting of 180 samples was collected and analyzed using the SMARPLS3 software. The measurement model is assessed to confirm the validity and reliability of the construct, then hypotheses testing is performed with Bootstrapping analysis. The results demonstrated that five factors affect Vietnamese consumers' purchase intention towards Japanese convenience goods, including the price of the product, quality of the product, functional value, emotional value, and conditional value. Major findings of this study suggest that the functional value that consumer perceives about Japanese convenience goods has the most significant relationship with their purchase intention, followed by the quality of the product and the price of the product. Besides, emotional value and conditional value have a moderate influence on consumers' purchase intention. Whereas the influence of the epistemic value of the product on consumers' purchase intention is insignificant in this presented study.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.69-95
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• 1999

Internet EC accomplish to simply electronic business from all process integration of production, marketing and customer service. Also customers gain to goods information by one-line product reference, order, product information exchange and negotiate to low cost for high quality goods. Therefore, Purpose of this study is to introduce the building method of efficient EC, helping understand EC, and analysing its present state in the Korean enterprises and efficiency on international trade information.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.60
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• pp.195-209
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• 2013

South Korea, despite the financial turbulences has marked the trade volume of USD 1 trillion and marked $7^{th}$ largest exporter in 2013. Approximately 40% of the entire import of Korea was for export. In the South Korean trade structure, import and export are closely related, requiring proactive import financial assistance policies. Recognizing this, K-sure has made import insurance policy available on the market since July 2010. The K-sure insurance policy targets both financial institutions and importers. This is the reason why this research seeks to review the import insurance terms for importers and compare with foreign import insurance products to find out ways to improve. K-sure's import insurance for importers is to cover a loss of a policyholder when the policyholder or importer domestically addressed made a prepayment but cannot receive goods. The import insurance is applied to import transactions of goods or resources. K-sure's import insurance coverage needs to be expanded to intermediary trade and consignment processing trade, etc. In this sense, a more systematic educational program should be introduced about K-sure's import insurance.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.97-121
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• 2016

This study evaluates industrial competitiveness of 34 industries in the 41 countries in terms of several trade indices such as value-added RCA(VRCA) and value added intra-industry trade(VIIT). Conclusions are as follows: First, China is still showing week evidence to replace or overtake Korea in terms of VRCA. Second, it is not supportive of the assertion that the gap between Japan and South Korea had widened in the 1995-2011 period. Third, Korea's exports pattern in the manufacturing sector has shifted from the one featured by developing countries(re-exportation of final goods produced using imported intermediate inputs) to that of the developed (exportation of intermediate goods). According to dynamic panel analysis regressing the RCA gap on the IIT gap, intermediate-goods RCA and the market share gap, the estimated coefficient of the gap between value-added IIT and gross IIT is 0.253 and statistically significant at the 2% level. This implies that increases in IIT or intermediate-goods trade to sustain the global competitiveness are the main reasons for the gap between value-added RCA and gross RCA.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.163-185
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• 2016

The impact of global trade on developing countries is a critical subject. Especially in this country, under difficult conditions like political issues with North Korea, achieved a trade surplus of 90.2 billion dollars last year. While the service trade recorded a deficit of 15.7 billion dollars in the same period. According to WTO, services are either the result of a production activity that changes the conditions of the consuming units (transformation services), or facilitates the exchange of products or financial assets (margin services). To unify and compare with the trade and service statistics of countries, they assorted 12 classifications of services like Manufacturing service on physical inputs owned by others, Maintenance and repair service n.i.e., Transport, Travel, Construction, Insurance and pension service, Financial service, Charges for the use of intellectual property n.i.e., Telecommunications, Computer and information services, Other business services, Personal, cultural and recreational services, and Government goods and services n.i.e. Thus, this study is to estimate the international competitiveness of service trade between 2006 and 2015 in Republic of Korea, according to EBOPS 6th. As a result, total service volume of export and import has increased in the last 10 years. Its volume, recently, accounts for 22% of total goods trade. Also the Korean Government can make a supporting policy and decide a supporting business in terms of service trade. Finally, we can find a mutual connectivity within 12 service businesses and between Service and Goods.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.163-181
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to review the major issues of trade facilitation that have been discussing in relevant international organization such as WTO, WCO, UN/ECE, and UNCTAD In recent years the term, trade facilitation, has become extremely popular and, therefore, applied to an ever-growing number of activities. Trade Facilitation encompasses the simplification, standardization, harmonization and elimination of the procedures, data requirements and administration involved in an international trade transaction. The facilitation of trade procedures is seen by all major international business as vital for economic development. Several factors are fuelling the need for trade facilitation of which two are the globalization of international trade and the rapid IT-development. Another important factor includes increased economic integration by an explosion of regional and bilateral free-trade agreement that often feature complex customs requirements. Technological progress has also introduced faster and cheaper forms of transportation and transportation management techniques, such as the increased use of e-business and JIT. The Internet is also fragmenting containers of goods that could have been custom cleared on a single entry into dozens of individual shipments that each require separate customs documents and clearance procedures. This creates a challenge for express couriers who anticipate exponential growth in small shipments by individual consumers, as compared to shipment by wholesalers or retailers. These consumers expect goods to be cleared immediately. It is no wonder that express couriers are actively promoting, and participating in the trade facilitation agenda.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.201-216
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• 2019

At present, there are various standards used as the governing law of contracts for establishing, implementing, and resolving disputes between the parties to international sales contracts, called "Forum Shopping." Uncertainty and increased transaction costs, which may arise from these various norms, may hinder the activation of international commerce. This study examines the process of enacting and examining various international unification norms that have emerged through international organizations to eliminate trade barriers caused by choice of governing law concerning parties involved in the international sale of goods. Issues regarding the positive and negative perspectives are discussed to identify obstacles to international unification norms. In particular, by comparing and analyzing the differences between the regulations of the CISG and PICC, the representative international unification norms on international sales contracts, the possibility of unification of the norms on international sales contracts are reviewed. Direction for the establishment of a single international regulation is presented for reducing the transaction costs and uncertainties in the international sale of goods.