• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.137-144
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• 2017

A variety of customized marketing strategies are being implemented in the telecommunications market, including the offering of gifts to consumers, as competition in the market is being restructured with the focus on bundled products. However, the Korea Communications Commission (KCC) has recently imposed fines for user discrimination on telecommunication carriers whose marketing strategies have included the award of excessive prizes. In that regard, various issues related to the suitability and appropriate limit of the current gift regulation in the telecommunications market have been raised. Since the Fair Trade Commission, which had a similar scheme to that of the KCC, abolished the regulation on gifts in July 2016, disputes have arisen as to whether the current regulation on gifts is practically effective from the perspective of consumer benefit. In other words, discussions on the rationality of the theoretical and empirical grounds for the regulation on gifts only in the telecommunication market but not in other commodities markets have begun. As such, this study aims to empirically analyze the suitability of the current regulation on gifts in the domestic telecommunications market under the new competitive environment centered on bundled products, and to seek the rational improvement of, and infer the implications for, the regulation on gifts in the telecommunications market based on the results of the analysis.

• The Journal of Small Business Innovation
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting innovation capability and innovation performance of midsize company entering overseas market. More specifically, in terms of managerial, organizational, and employee - level factors, we set leadership, operating system, and taking charge at work as variables influencing innovation capability and tried to understand the effect of innovation capability on innovation performance through empirical studies. In addition, we examined the differences in the influence factors on innovation capability and the effect on innovation performance in the home country and overseas countries. As a result of the empirical analysis, all of the influence factors had a positive effect on the innovation capability and the innovation capability had a positive effect on the innovation performance. The degree of influence was in the order of operating system, leadership and taking charge at work. In China, there is no significant difference in the order of operating system, leadership and taking charge at work. In the case of Korea, operating system and leadership have a positive effect, but the employee's taking charge at work does not affect innovation capability. The results of this study are as follows. First, it is necessary to enhance innovation capability in accordance with local characteristics. In Korea, there are additional activities to induce employee's taking charge at work is required for improved innovation capability and innovation performance.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.73-80
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• 2017

Purpose - Since Korean distribution market was opened, the domestic environment in department stores has been changed by the pattern of consumption and consumer need based on income classes. As multilateral Free Trade Agreement (FTA) accelerates opening markets, the scale of circulating capital has become bigger. Large-scale commercial facilities have developed quickly as a form of a large shopping center, thus, the matter of choice and securing market area became an important valuable in this trend. Moreover, multi-complex space has been proposed as the goal of successful business with promoting the public benefit. Research design, data, and methodology - This research studied consumer behavior using data about the life style and sales of consumers, not statistical data or survey as previous studies. This research tried to find the differentiation in complex cultural space with consumption behavior of department store. Results - As the structure of society and culture was getting diverse and complex, economic growth and development with such diversity and complexity improved consumers' quality of life. The changes of consumer life style are quite natural like human instinct. Department stores have activated retail business with the products of accumulated technology. Moreover, they have created the space of consumption and culture. Because of these social and environmental changes, department stores are being developed as Multi-functional spaces as well as sale places considering the strategies of department and the changes of consumers' purchasing behaviors. Conclusions - Urban culture complex is a landmark standing for the culture era of 21st century. It has provided an opportunity for consumers to enjoy culture, and has been an important factor to improve company images. Based on these roles and needs, expectancy effects are related with consumer preference and space preference, and the attitude toward companies. Moreover, the expectancy effects from those relationships are getting bigger and bigger. We should respect nature, a characteristic of Korean architecture, maintain visual continuity that harmonies with nature in the development of the complex space of the domestic department stores, and should take significance in the development of the complex cultural space in the direction of feeling the hierarchy of the space to obtain the visual pleasure with the artificial structure.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.65-81
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• 2018

This study estimated the long-run and the short-run price and income elasticity of crude oil demand by using the ARDL model in Korea. First, the long-run cointegration relationship existed between crude oil demand and price or income in the ARDL-bounds tests. Second, the long-run own price, the cross price elasticity and the income elasticity were both statistically significant elastic and sensitive in the ARDL. Third, there was autocorrelation of the residuals, but no misspecification errors and heteroscedasticity, and then the residuals showed a normal distribution. And the CUSUM & CUSUMSQ tests showed that the coefficients were stable. Fourth, the short-run own price, the cross price elasticity and the income elasticity were both statistically significant elastic and sensitive in the ARDL-RECM. The ECM with the short-run dynamics showed rapid adjustments in the long-run equilibrium of oil demand after the economic crisis. In the short-run, the sensitivity of crude oil demand to price and income changes has moved in the same direction as the long-run case. Korea, depending too much on foreign crude oil, is vulnerable to the shocks of oil prices, so rising oil prices can certainly have a negative impact on Korea's trade balance. And the elasticity of long-run oil prices may help to control and manage Korea's oil demand. The government needs to strengthen monitoring of the country's policies and market trends related to crude oil, establish strategies to customize national policies and market conditions, and strengthen active market dominance efforts through pioneering new market and diversification.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.13-26
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• 2018

Most product consists of various national components, and brand strategy using nationality images is prevalent in marketing field. Country of origin is meaningful consideration for decision making. The purpose is that how consumer evaluate the global brand depending on two-sided dimension of country of origin. This research aims to examine the interaction effect of two-sided country of origin and moderating effect of global identity. In study 1, two-way interaction effect of origin of brand and origin of production was significant with social prestige. In study 2, there-way ANOVA provided marginally significant main effect of origin of brand and global identity. Two-way interaction effect of origin of brand and production was significant with social prestige. Also two-way interaction effect origin of brand and global identity was significant with innovation and social responsibility. Three-way interaction of origin of brand, origin of production, and global identity was significant with social responsibility, this approved moderating effect of global identity. Results contribute to understanding global brands strategy using country of origin effect, and to adding new knowledge to the country of origin literature. Academic and practical implications, limitations, and future research directions were discussed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.143-149
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• 2017

The company strives constantly to prepare for the current crisis and uncertainty of the future and to strengthen its competitiveness. At times, it strives to strengthen its competitiveness through continuous innovation, as well as securing technological innovation and talented personnel. However, even if the company makes such a hard effort, the sustainable growth of the enterprise will not be guaranteed unless smooth communication and efforts among the internal resources are supported. The social responsibility of management and the attitude of labor-management relations are important factors for the smooth coordination of labor-management relations. Therefore, this study empirically analyzed the relationship between manager 's social responsibility, labor relations attitude and job performance. The results of this study showed that the social responsibility of managers affects job satisfaction and job commitment. In addition, managers' attitudes toward labor relations have an effect on job satisfaction and job commitment. Also, job satisfaction has a positive effect on job commitment. The result of this study can be used as a practical application data for establishing new labor - management relations among the managers of the enterprise in the future.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.23-50
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• 2010

This study is that the manufacturer's sales policy power appeared on the source of local distributors through the sale willingness impact on research for coexistence between the manufacturer and dealer sales for developing policy. Dealers in terms of the sale of regional sales willingness says "manufacturers and retailers to connect to the regional distribution on the path to regional sales representative for manufacturers based on trust companies that supply products or products manufactured by local retailers for about a unilateral will sale whether the continued willingness and indicates the degree of business". This study topics are the results of this measure will sell a total of 24 entries are four factors. In variety sales policy of each power source, First, sales policy in Reward Power, compensatory power as the manager of promotion support, sales support and sales activities will significantly impact respectively. Second, sales policy of Coercive Power, reduction of credit limits act as an element of discontent and the sales will appear in the negative hypothesis of the influence was partially supported. Third, sales policy in Referent Power, the information trust, the most significantly impact of trade policy, respectively. Fourth, sales policy in Professional Power, delay time delivery of goods, sales of our product and sales knowledge will have a significantly effect appear to be related.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.155-159
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• 2017

Korean goral (Neamorhedus caudatus) is registered as a natural monument number 217 by South Korea Cultural Heritage Administration. It is also recognized as the endangered species I by Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). In this study, blood samples of Korean goral were collected to make reference intervals. Blood sampling was conducted on 19 numbers of Korean gorals (ten females, nine males), which were reared in Korean Goral Restoration Center. For total samples, the reference intervals of hematological parameters were: white blood cell $7.69{\sim}10.87K/{\mu}{\Lambda}$; hematocrit 36.73~46.18%; red blood cell $10.72{\sim}12.86K/{\mu}{\Lambda}$; hemoglobin 12.79~15.14 g/dL; mean corpuscular volume 33.15~36.75 fL; mean corpuscular hemoglobin 11.53~12.23 pg; mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration 32.64-35.91 g/dL and red blood cell distribution width 39.2~43.46%. For total samples of each parameters, the following results were obtained for serum biochemistry: glucose 111.81~153.77 mg/dL; blood urea nitrogen 22.35~28.91 mg/dL; creatine 1.22~1.84 mg/dL; phosphate 4.57~6 mg/dL; calcium 8.7~9.1 mg/dL; total protein 6.53~6.92 g/dL; albumin 3.1~3.48 g/dL; globulin 3.26~3.62 g/dL; alanine aminotransferase 56.7~158.56 U/L; aspartate aminotransferase 230.35~473.06 U/L; alkaline phosphatase 178.06~332.47 U/L; gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 131.6-~181.24 U/L; total bilirubin 1.47~2.12 mg/dL; cholesterol 46.48~71.52 mg/dL; amylase 16.3~26.03 U/L; sodium 150.43~153.88 mmol/L; potassium 3.98~4.6 mmol/L and chlorine 109.48~113.26 mmol/L. The ranges of values were similar campared to previous studies except in the case of RDW value, which showed higher range than the RDW value of a previous study. The reference intervals from this study will be useful data for treatment and management of gorals.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.121-145
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• 2008

Northeast Asia is increasingly making a transition to distinctive and crucial region in the 21st Century and growing into one of world's top three economic spheres along with the EU and NAFTA. In 2003, Korean government announced the Northeast Asian economic hub country plan as an important agenda. As a means of coping with the changing global environment, Korean government designated Incheon in 2003 as the country's first Free Economic Zone ahead of Busan and Gwangyang Bay in the south of the country because Incheon has a geographical advantage linking North America and Europe with Incheon International Airport and Incheon Seaport. The purpose of this paper is to make research on establishment and operation of an arbitral body entitled ${\ulcorner}International Arbitration Center{\lrcorner}$ (IAC) within Incheon Free Economic Zone(IFEZ). For the purpose of this, the writer in this paper, reviewed the necessity of the IAC's establishment and its legal basis as well as the role and function of the Center. Also, the writer presented plans for how to operate the IAC and how to cooperate with the key arbitral organizations of foreign countries for the settlement promotion of commercial disputes including trade and investment. With development of the IFEZ, world-renowned enterprises will invest in the Incheon economic bloc and conduct economic activities, business operation, marketing, logistics, financing, etc. In this connection, diverse types of commercial disputes are expected to occur between foreign companies entering the IFEZ and Korean firms. In this connection, the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board(KCAB) has been operating its liaison office in the IFEZ since 2004. However, in view of the increasing arbitration demand, the IAC should be set up in the IFEZ in the near future by the positive support of the government in the respect of both administration and finance because the free economic zone-related law provides for the installation of arbitration organization. For the success of the IAC, the Center will have to provide not only good quality of arbitral services that can satisfy arbitration parties but also need to conduct researches and make efforts so that arbitration can be utilized well in the IFEZ. If the IFEZ can provide advantageous business environments to those multinational enterprises intending to the Incheon economic bloc, the IAC will also contribute to the settlement of commercial disputes arising from the Gaeseong Industrial Complex in North Korea in view of the geographical advantage and logistic benefit of the IFEZ. Finally, this paper also suggests a new model for a joint dispute resolution system by the initiative of Korean government and Korean arbitral organizations for the settlement of commercial disputes within Northeast Asia, for which the CAMCA(Commercial Arbitration and Mediation Center for the Americas) of NAFTA can be a good example.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.111-118
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• 2020

This study conducted an empirical analysis of SSE-listed companies to verify the effects of evaluation and disclosure of internal control systems on the agency costs management and controlling shareholders. Agency costs can affect the valuation of accounting information as asymmetry of information in the relationship between a company and its stakeholders, or induce financial costs as an adverse selection. If the firm's agency costs are reasonable, the valuation of the company can also move in a relatively positive direction. In this study, the evaluation information of the internal control system was analyzed through sales management ratio and equity ratio as substitute variables to analyze the relationship between management and agent costs of the controlling shareholders. In addition, independent control ratio, capital balance ratio, and company scale were used as control variables, as a result of the analysis, the evaluation information of internal control was found to be related to the agency costs of managers and governance structure. This study can be conducted to positive factors in evaluating the reliability and corporate value of accounting information according to the evaluation of internal control of SSE-listed companies and helps to understand the financial reporting environment.