• 무역상무연구
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• 제75권
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• pp.137-158
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• 2017

Traditional banking systems of transactions are being replaced by FfinTech. Block Chain System can be a key point in Fourth Industrial Revolution such as AI, Big Data, IOT and also can be used as a tools of smart contract or smart payment systems in International Trade. If banking regulation is to be liberalized FinTech would be more activated in Korea and various attempts would be available especially smart payment in business. There are so many levels to be achieved from the time of contract to the time of clearance. We cannot expect speed and range of IT advancement and international trade, Block Chain system will challenge the traditional banking process. First, Block Chain Payment system can be used in P2P, B2B transaction and also T/T in small business. Second, Bit Coin transaction can be available within the parties without the Trusted Third Party. Third, By using of Block Chain system Traditional International Trade process can be altered.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제11권11호
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• pp.89-99
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• 2013

Purpose - The purpose of this research was to examine the regulation and distribution channel of second-hand goods in cross-border trade in order to propose methods of protecting consumers through the international standardization of the intensifying second-hand trade and resource recycling. Research design, data, methodology - This study first defines several concepts relevant to research in international second-hand goods. Second, a questionnaire and interviews were conducted with manufacturers of second-hand toner cartridges and automobile parts to identify the current status of export and manufacturing. Results - The study proposes the international standardization of second-hand goods and waste to protect consumers and promote efficient resource recycling. Conclusions - The results of the study reveal that second-hand goods (except automobiles) do not have an HSK code to use for import/export data collection. Though used car exports are declining, used cars are increasing. Collecting data on used car parts is impossible because the buyers purchase and ship the second-hand parts.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.3-28
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• 2018

This article discusses the deadlock in the WTO on multilateral harmonization of nonpreferential rules of origin (RoO) and reviews some of the RoO included in recent preferential trade agreements. We argue that there is a trend towards adoption of similar approaches and that this suggests that cooperation to reduce the trade-impeding effects of differences in RoO across jurisdictions is more feasible than often is assumed by observers and policymakers. From a trade facilitation perspective such cooperation could be based on plurilateral initiatives under the umbrella of the WTO. These could include a focus on pursuit of greater convergence between preferential and nonpreferential RoO helping to achieve the long-standing goal of moving towards harmonization of rules of origin.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권12spc호
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• pp.443-450
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• 2021

The study is devoted to the formation of a economic principles cargo delivery management in global supply chains. Mathematical model of delivering special categories of goods by road is a key element of these principles. The article analyzes the existing studies on solving the problem of cargo delivery in various aspects. It was noted that the greatest attention is paid to legal regulation, last mile delivery, optimization of routes and delivery schemes, information support, technological innovations, cluster routing, etc. In the developed mathematical model a minimum of total costs of forming loading units and freight shipments was defined as the criterion of optimality of organizing delivery by motor transport. The authors propose the creation of logistics clusters allowing the integration of urban transport flows and global supply chains.

• 식품과학과 산업
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.196-208
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• 2018

This paper described the contents of the WTO (world trade organization) SPS (world trade organization) Agreement and trends in the WTO SPS provisions such as equivalence, localization, transparency, and risk assessment. The purpose of the WTO SPS agreement is to promote international trade by preventing arbitrary and unreasonable use of SPS measures, which are the rights of a country for the protection of human health and animal and plant health, and by abolishing the non-tariff barriers. To this end, the requirements for implementing the SPS measures taken by the importing country are restricted to those that can scientifically prove to be inevitable for SPS protection. The major provisions in WTO SPS agreement were elaborated to promote international trades. When trade-restricted SPS measures such as prohibition of imports are made, a scientific basis should be provided. Therefore, it is essential to provide scientific evidence based on risk analysis to protect people's health from potentially harmful imported foods.

• 무역학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.189-202
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• 2019

The Harmonized System comprises about 5,000 commodity groups; each identified by a six digit code, arranged in a legal and logical structure and is supported by well-defined rules to achieve uniform classification. This study reviews the appropriateness of Korea Customs Service and Tax Tribunal's customs classification decisions concerning the interpretation and application of the Harmonized System for certain ITA goods. Korea Customs Service had classified arbitrary and had not applied in dubio pro reo principle. This paper finds that 57% of Korea Customs Service's classification decisions have erred. Korea government need to take measures to secure uniform interpretation of the HS and its periodic updating in light of developments in technology and changes in trade patterns. This paper suggest to amend customs law and regulation concerning classification committee.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.181-186
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• 2023

The main purpose of the study is to analyze the features of state regulation of the labor market in a crisis. Structural shifts in the labor market are due to the transformation of public and economic relations in today's globalized world. Increasing competition, the development of the knowledge economy, information technology, changes in the content and forms of labor require updating the labor market regulation system. The research methodology implies the use of modern methods of analysis. The analysis of the features of state regulation of the labor market in crisis conditions is carried out.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2007

우리나라의 온라인 게임 산업의 급격한 성장은 새로운 규제의 문제를 발생시키게 되었는데, 가장 대표적인 것이 아이템 거래에 대한 규제 여부의 문제이다. 그런데 온라인 게임 아이템 거래 규제는 규제의 일환으로서 규제적 접근이 이루어질 필요성이 존재함에도 불구하고, 현재까지의 논리는 법 이론적 근거와 현실적 이유를 위주로 이루어지고 있으며, 규제 이론적인 접근은 이루어지지 못하고 있다는 한계점이 있다. 본 연구는 온라인 게임 아이템 거래 규제 논의에 대한 이러한 한계점을 보완하기 위하여, 독과점성, 외부성, 공공재성, 불확실성의 시장실패 여부 측면에서 아이템 거래 규제의 타당성 여부를 검토하였다. 분석결과 아이템거래는 시장의 독과점적 구조와 연관성이 없고 소비자 후생을 오히려 증가시키는 효과가 있다. 아이템은 완전한 경합성과 배제성을 지니고 있었으며, 게임산업 발전이라는 외부경제가 존재하였다. 아이템거래는 사이버범죄의 외부불경제와 연관이 있었으나, 이러한 부작용은 아이템거래 자체의 문제라기보다는 게임 회사가 아이템 거래를 적극적으로 금지하기 때문에 발생하는 문제였다. 따라서 시장실패의 틀에서 볼 때, 아이템 거래를 금지하지 않고 오히려 양성화하는 것이 현재의 부작용을 감소시킬 수 있는 정책적 방안이 될 수 있다.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.445-464
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• 2009

현재 세계 여러 나라는 GATS의 통신에 관한 예외규정에 입각하여 기간통신서비스의 국경간 공급을 반경쟁행위 통제, 국내 소비자 보호, 조세부과, 국가안보 등을 이유로 규제하고 있다. 우리나라의 경우 통신서비스의 국경간 공급을 WTO 및 국내법의 규정을 통하여 부분적으로 규제를 시행하고 있으나, WTO 및 FTA 협상시 국경간 공급에 대한 규제완화를 요구받고 있다. 그러므로 규제에 대하여 실효성 파악하고 이에 대한 대응이 절실히 요구되고 있다. 따라서 본고에서는 주요국의 통신서비스의 국경간 공급 정책을 살펴보았다. 또한 주요국의 실제 규제 사례를 살펴봄으로써 우리나라의 국경간 공급 규제정책에 대한 시사점을 모색해 보았다.

• 융합경영연구
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.12-20
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• 2017

The study examined effects of psychological change of distribution environment upon commercial areas to investigate consumers' experience and theory and to suggest power of new management strategy for growth of retailers A The study investigated actual conditions of business transaction of hyper market by blind interview. In April, 2016, the author visited 6 manufacturers to do depth interview. The questionnaire between food manufacturers and hyper market investigated the Association of Food Industries in Korea, NH Nonghyup and large manufacturers in July 2012. Questionnaires of 25 companies were used after excluding questionnaire having poor and inadequate answers. The sales commission with large scaled distribution business decreased (0.3 ~ 0.7) to increase additional expenses such as number of salesmen, interior expenses and economic costs (0.7 ~ 40%). (source: Fair Trade Commission). Fair Trade Commission released types and notice of unfair trade of large scaled retail business based on monopoly regulation and fair trade (hereinafter called 'notice of large scaled retail) to prevent large scaled distribution business from doing unfair trade. The notice controled unfair trade at different position between large scaled distribution business and small vendors.