• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.47
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• pp.379-402
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• 2010

The Korea Foreign Trade Act(KFTA) was revised the penal provisions of the breach of the Country of Origin Labeling(COOL) recently. The ceiling of penalties became to 5 years for imprisonment, one hundred or three hundred million won for fine. The level of penalties are adjudged quite fair but the amount of penalty should be increased according to the profits from the breach or the nature of crime in some cases. The problems of the penalties are differences between KFTA and other related laws. There are related several laws on the breach of the COOL such as KFTA, Unfair Trade related Law, Customs Law, Consumer Protection Law, Law of COOL on Agricultural and Marine products etc. The penal provisions of the breach of the COOL has more heavier level than other the breach because of the criminal qualities. The problems are the penalty differences between the KFTA and the Unfair Trade Law under the Ministry of Knowledge Economy. The KFTA's penal provisions need to equate with Unfair Trade Law as long as same breaches on the COOL. The government can also consider some policies to rigid enforcement of breaches on the COOL. There are the Country of Origin Tracking system, the RoO Paparazzi System, Make public the names of habitual RoO Violators, Correction Order of breach of the COOL etc.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.89-106
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• 2023

This study is to investigate the problem of credit rating by Korea Trade Insurance Corporation(KSURE) which evaluates overseas buyers in a state of capital impairment as G-grade regardless of the cause of capital impairment. This study classifies capital impairment into two types: deficit-type capital impairment due to accumulated operating losses and surplus-type capital impairment due to shareholder return policies such as dividends and treasury stock buybacks. It is proposed to improve the credit evaluation method on companies with surplus capital impairment from a formal review to a substantive review. This study is expected to improve credit rating of KSURE on overseas buyers for better support of trade credit insurance for exporters.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.467-485
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• 2011

After Korean War, Korea focused on catching up with the world economy by concentrating on some target industries around the Capital Region and southern coastal cities. Thus, the regional disparity between Capital Region and non-Capital Regions increased drastically. At last, when Korea acquired full-fledged autonomy in 1994 in the Civilian government (1993-1998) and experienced the Asian financial crisis in 1997-1998, local governments were awakened to the notion of region-oriented development, especially for regional industrial development. The purposes of this paper are to introduce regional industrial development policies since 1998 and to suggest some recommendations in terms of how to adjust regional development for industrial policies in the future. In the introducing phase (Kim administration, 1998-2003), four provincial governments requested national funding to raise regional industries that are of strategic importance. At the same time, the central government recognized the need to nurture regional industries to overcome structural weaknesses. As a result, the Roh administration (2003-2008) gave a birth to a systematizing phase. As the ultimate regional policy objective, the balanced national development has been set and the Special Acts, Special Accounts, Committee, and National Plan have been established. Regional Industrial Promotion Project has been carried out very actively during this period. It had a good start albeit idealistic to a certain extent. Therefore, the current government has changed policy paradigm from balanced growth to regional competitiveness along with global paradigm shifts. In order to enhance regional competitiveness, regional development policies have been pursued in more efficient way. Leading Industry Nurturing Projects (LINPs) on Economic Region level, existed Regional Industrial Promotion Projects (RIPPs) on Province level, and Region Specific Industry Projects (RSIPs) on Local Area level have been implemented. Now, it is appropriate to review regional development policies including industrial policies since 1998 and to adjust them for the future sustainable regional development. Because LINPs and RIPPs will be terminated in next two years, the 2nd stage projects are on planning to reduce the redundancies in two projects. In addition, business support program would be reformed from subsiding technology development to building ecological business system. Finally some policy implications are provided in this paper, which is useful to establish the new regional industrial policies for both central and local government.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.83-103
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• 2016

This paper examines the characteristics of structural change in the international agro-food trade network with a global trend of the FTA diffusion. By focusing on the centralities and the community structure to identify the agro-food trade network, we use the social network analysis and the trade data contained of 07, 08, 20, and 21 at the 2-digit HS product level among 45 countries over the last 15 years. The main analytical results are as follows: 1) Not only has intra trade network intensified more than inter-regional trade, but also, there is no doubt that inter-regioanl trade by linking has steadily increased. 2) EU countires have the high indices of centrality, which have already been highly integrated. 3) Intraregional agro-food trade network for fresh vegetables and processed food sector in Asia is shown to be strongly integrated. This finding suggests that the processes of economic integration will help strengthen the trade network for agro-food in a culturally homogeneous region. 4) The case of Korea's participation in the RCEP and TPP, Korea's power in the agro-food network tends to be reinforced, especially in the processed food sector. Overall, there is a need for establishment of spatial strategies and policies across the different regions for Mega FTAs.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.27-37
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• 2014

Purpose - As economic activities between different countries have rapidly spread in a world of free trade, it is inevitable that a large volume of cargo will be carried between countries. It is natural, then, that CO2 emissions and other environmental pollutions have followed, which exposes people and society to serious environmental problems and social costs, and so on. Therefore, the need to understand logistics is not only a matter of transportation but also an environmentally oriented matter. The purpose of this study is to look at some lessons and implications from the European case in terms of green logistics matters. Research design, data, and methodology - In order to look into this matter, first, it has to be established that some cargo transport volumes using different transportation modes have clearly declined because of previous economic recessions. Some transport policies produced by the European Union (EU) are based in a long history of struggling to cope with transport matters in European countries. In its recent transport policies, the EU has provided greener transportation alternatives, realizing that pollution matters affect the European transport market. This study tries to determine what policies the EU has implemented to deal with green logistics matters. This study concentrates in particular on the Marco Polo program in the EU. Results - This study found that the EU seems to consider these kinds of matters, that is, transport and the environment in the context of green logistics. The EU launched some policy instruments to solve this matter relatively earlier than other countries and reviewed them as necessary. In order to make these policy tools work, the EU provided PACT for combined transport, and then the Marco Polo I and II European transport white paper packages. These European policies deal with green logistics matters in two ways. First, some restrictions have been imposed, especially taxation, and so on. Transport subsidies are also powerful means of handling green logistics matters in Europe. Along with these two means of dealing with transport and the environment, the EU eventually targeted integration of different transport modes. Instead of employing only a single transport instrument mode to deliver the cargo to be carried, such as trucking, rail, ocean-going carrier, flight, or inland waterway transport, the EU has proposed that combining transport modes is the best alternative for transport and the environment. That is, the EU is pursuing the adoption of multimodalism as an answer to the green logistics challenge as it provides a more cost efficient and more productive means of transport. Conclusions - In conclusion, multimodal transport should be considered when applying green logistics, as it can provide an alternative way to achieve transport and environmental solutions together at the present time. Two methods can be used to encourage multimodal transport: restrictions and subsidies. These are the lessons and implications from European green logistics policies.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.578-592
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• 2001

Based on a survey sample of farm households in three provinces of Korea, this article reports the perspectives of fuel-time farmers regarding trade liberalization, its effects on their lives, and the future of small-scale farming. While the agricultural sector is being transformed under neoliberal policies, farmers, with life or no preparation for a global market order, are forced to modernize their farming operations. The findings from the survey indicate that farmers accede to terms of global integration in principle while disapproving state rural policies in practice. The survey data also confirm that intra-regional differences in farmers'perceived satisfaction with living conditions, government farm policies, and socio-economic/labor issues. Disparities in the degree of discontent with government policies and socio-economic well-being are explicit between the relatively diversified region of Kyonggi Province and the farming-dependent regions of Chunbuk and Kyongbuk Provinces. The overall findings uphold that most farmers who have not been fully exposed to free market mechanisms are confronted by increased uncertainties and economic hardships. The findings propound that agricultural/rural policies need to reflect long-term, macroeconomic changes, and regionally/locally-based agricultural structure.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.261-275
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• 2001

As China beings to enforce the open-door and innovation policies, it comes to rise rapidly in international economic stage. For the short time of only 20 years, China makes a great economic power. Up to now, China has tolerated a large population and infinite resources, so at last succeeded in economic polices, and has a fine future prospect in world economy. With the admission to the WTO, China will have a great influence on Korea. If we are to develop the trade much more, appeared until now after the relations between Korea and China, We should develop Korean economy by investing and trading in IT industries and newly Chinese regions.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.23-37
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• 2000

This study examines the effect of trade union on the structure of wage determining and the variance of wage in manufacturing and non-manufacturing, 1993, in Korea It finds that the wage determining mechanism is significantly different between union and nonunion establishments, and that the wage inequality is too significantly lower among workers in establishments that are unionized than among those that are not. However, it is not clear whether the union wage policies designed to standardize rates have the effects of reduction in wage variance. that is mostly because of smaller variance within unionized workers having the same wage determining characteristics.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.305-312
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• 2022

Each country's economic progress creates opportunities for its citizens to raise their income. Meanwhile, the country has secured the people's social security policies, particularly the protection of income equality, to promote harmonious and sustained economic development. Vietnam has been located in a dynamic economic development area in Southeast Asia since the 1986 economic reforms, with an annual growth rate of around 7%. Meanwhile, having achieved a middle-income status of roughly 3500 USD per person per year, Vietnam is attempting to maintain income equality and access to welfare systems for its inhabitants. As a result, the primary goal of this study is to use an autoregressive distributed lagged model to investigate the effects of income inequality and other economic factors such as foreign direct investment and trade openness on Vietnam's economic growth from 1992 to 2019. The research focuses attention on literature on income inequality, economic development indicators, and economic development in unique ways in this study. Income inequality slows the rate of change in economic development in the same year, according to our findings. Finally, the study will make policy suggestions to the Vietnamese government.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.215-244
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• 2023

This study analyzes the effect of macroeconomic indicators such as foreign direct investment (FDI), domestic investment, trade, inflation, unemployment, population, and governance indicators on economic growth and points out the GDP growth rate in 2002- 2019 among ASEAN countries. Data were compiled from the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) and the World Bank, and the effect of variables on GDP was predicted using the pooled ordinary least squares (POLS), fixed effects model (FEM), and random effects model (REM) methods. As a measure of growth, the GDP growth rate has been taken; FDI and domestic investment, trade, inflation, and governance indicators are positively connected and have an influence on economic growth in these ASEAN countries; domestic investment, population, and unemployment have a negative relationship to economic growth. The macroeconomic indicators and institutional stability of the nation have an effect on its economic growth. Comprehensive institutional stability and well-laid macroeconomic policies are required for growth to materialize.