• 제목/요약/키워드: Trade Effects

검색결과 1,060건 처리시간 0.024초

Long-run Effects of the Korea-China Free-Trade Agreement

  • Kim, Sunghyun;Shikher, Serge
    • East Asian Economic Review
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.117-142
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    • 2015
  • This paper uses a 53-country 15-industry computable general equilibrium model of trade to analyze the effects of the Korea-China free trade agreement on the Korean economy, the manufacturing sector in particular. The model is based on Yaylaci and Shikher (2014) which uses the Eaton-Kortum methodology to explain intra-industry trade. The model predicts that the Korea-China FTA will increase Korea-China manufacturing trade by 56%, manufacturing employment in Korea by 5.7% and China by 0.55%. The model also predicts significant reallocation of employment across industries with the Food industry in Korea losing jobs and other industries there gaining jobs, with the Medical equipment industry gaining the most. There will be some trade diversion from the ASEAN countries, as well as Japan and the United States.

공정무역 커피에 대한 소비가치가 브랜드 태도와 구매의도에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Brand Attitude and Purchase Intention on Consumption Values of Fair Trade Coffee)

  • 정주희;최미선;김예영
    • 한국식생활문화학회지
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    • 제32권5호
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    • pp.403-411
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    • 2017
  • When purchasing products or services, consumers tend to purchase multiple value attributes through the acquisition of a product rather than physical characteristics. This study empirically analyzed the relations between consumption value, brand attitude, and purchase intention of customers purchasing fair-trade coffee, by dividing consumption values that would have significant effects on consumers' actual purchase behavior into five levels. Among the consumption value factors of customers purchasing fair-trade coffee, the functional value, social value, emotional value, and rare value all had significant effects on brand attitude and purchase intention while the influence of situational value on brand attitude and purchase intention was not verified. These finding are partially concordant with those of preceding studies, and the consumption value of consumers purchasing fair-trade coffee has positive effects on purchase behavior; therefore, it would be necessary for companies selling fair-trade products to understand consumers' specific values. Moreover, analysis of the influence of brand attitude on purchase intention of customers purchasing fair-trade coffee revealed that purchase intention increased when brand attitude was higher. These finding indicate that it is necessary to identify measures to increase purchase intention by targeting consumer groups with high brand attitude with intensive promotions.

대북 경제제재와 북한무역 - 2000년대 일본 대북제재의 영향력 추정 - (Economic Sanction and DPRK Trade - Estimating the Impact of Japan's Sanction in the 2000s -)

  • 이석
    • KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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    • 제32권2호
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    • pp.93-143
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    • 2010
  • 이 글은 2000년대 일본의 대북제재가 북한의 대외거래에 미친 효과를 측정한다. 이를 위해 우리는 대북제재의 경제적 효과를 개념화하는 것으로부터 시작하여, 현존하는 북한무역통계를 토대로 일본 대북제재의 효과가 존재하는지 유무를 검증하고, 마지막으로는 현존하는 통계를 합리적으로 재구성함으로써 일본의 제재 효과를 계량적으로 측정한다. 이러한 과정을 통해 우리가 도달한 결론을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 국제사회의 경제제재는 북한의 무역에 당사국 효과와 제3국 효과라는 두 가지의 영향을 미친다. 전자는 제재 당사국과 북한의 무역이 줄어드는 것을 의미하며, 후자는 이에 따라 북한과 여타 국가 사이의 무역도 영향을 받는 것을 말한다. 둘째, 이러한 제재의 효과를 분석하기 위해서는 북한무역에 대한 정밀한 통계자료의 입수가 필수적이지만, 현존하는 북한의 무역통계는 모두 특정 국가와 북한의 거래를 잘못 보고하거나, 또는 북한의 실제 거래 국가를 누락하는 등 일정한 결함을 내포하고 있다. 셋째, 이러한 통계의 결함을 감안한 상태에서 이를 우회하는 방식으로 분석을 진행해보면, 일본의 대북제재는 뚜렷한 당사국 효과와 제3국 효과를 동시에 갖는 것으로 나타난다. 일본의 제재로 북일무역은 줄어들지만, 북한은 이를 여타 국가와의 거래확대로 중화시킨다는 뜻이다. 다만, 이러한 제3국 효과는 북한의 수출과 수입에 있어 다르게 나타난다. 수출의 경우에는 한국과 중국, 태국 등 북한의 주요 거래상대국들에서 모두 정(+)의 제3국 효과가 존재하지만, 북한의 수입에 있어서는 한국이나 심지어 중국에 있어서도 제3국 효과의 통계적 유의미성이 부정되는 것이다. 넷째, 일본의 제재 효과를 계수적으로 측정하기 위해서는 현존하는 북한무역통계를 보다 정밀하게 재구성해야만 하는데, 이러한 재구성은 북한의 수입에 있어서는 불가능하지만 수출에 있어서는 가능하다. 이렇게 재구성된 데이터를 토대로 추정하면, 2004~06년 북한의 대일 수출은 일본의 대북제재로 연간 0.8억~1.2억달러의 피해를 입은 것으로 나타난다(당사국 효과). 이는 2003년 북한의 대일 수출액의 60%에 해당한다. 그런데 같은 기간 동안 북한은 일본의 제재에 맞서 다른 나라로의 수출선 전환을 추진하였고, 그 결과 연간 0.8~0.9억달러에 달하는 여타 국가로의 수출증대 효과를 보았다(제3국 효과). 여섯째, 이러한 북한 거래선 이전의 60~70%는 한국(남북교역)에 의해 가능해진 것으로 나타난다. 반면, 중국으로의 거래선 이전은 미미하거나 유의미하지 않은 것으로 나타난다. 일곱째, 북한의 수입에 관해서는 이처럼 계수적으로 제재의 효과를 추정하는 일이 불가능하다. 그러나 비록 결함이 있지만 현존하는 북한무역통계는 일본의 제재가 북한의 수출보다는 수입에 더 큰 영향을 미친다고 말한다. 따라서 일본의 제재가 북한의 수출에 있어 별다른 영향을 미치지 못한다고 해서, 곧바로 제재의 효력 자체가 없다고 단정하는 것은 현명하지 못하다.

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Re-Evaluation of Free Trade Agreement: Changes in Global Value Chain and Regional Value Contents

  • Lim, Byeong-Ho;Ji, Seong-Tae;Yoo, Jeong-Ho
    • Journal of Korea Trade
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    • 제26권2호
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    • pp.65-83
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    • 2022
  • Purpose - The purpose of this study is to evaluate the economic effects of FTAs using the concept of value-added exports. So far, the economic effects of FTAs have been dependent on decrease in import prices due to tariff cuts in importing countries, but the actual tariff reduction need to consider the value added of the exporting countries. Design/methodology - Value-added export refers to the added value created in the exporting country out of total exports. Among value-added exports, direct value-added export is interpreted as the Regional Value Contents (RVC), from which the economic effect of the FTA can be analyzed. A modified GTAP-VA model takes into account RVC in order to estimate accurate effects of FTAs. Findings - By the re-evaluation of the FTA based on the RVC, this paper makes it clear that the economic effects of the existing FTA methodology have the possibility of overestimation. In addition, as a new FTA with a strengthened Rules of Origin (ROO) is being initiated, a negative impact on international trade and GVC utilization may occur. Originality/value - This study introduces the concept of value-added export in analyzing the effects of FTAs. The new analysis methodology of this paper emphasizes the importance of value-added exports. Re-organization of GVCs would change regional trade agreements and empower ROO by weakening existing GVCs and transforming the value chain from global into regional scope.

항만 SOC가 수출입에 미치는 영향 실증분석 - 일본 항만을 중심으로 - (An Empirical Study of Port SOC Impact on Trade Volume : Focusing on Japanese Ports)

  • 안영균;이주원
    • 무역학회지
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    • 제41권5호
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    • pp.373-389
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    • 2016
  • 본 연구는 총 무역액 중 95% 이상이 해상 수송되는 현실을 바탕으로, 해상 수송의 근간이 되는 항만의 자본스톡과 무역 규모 간의 회귀분석을 수행하는 논문이다. 패널 데이터 분석 및 고정 효과 모형 분석을 통해 항만 SOC가 무역 규모에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 실증분석 하였다. 항만 SOC를 6개 부문별로 분류하고, 장래 부문별 투자가 이루어졌을 때 무역 규모는 각각 얼마만큼의 영향을 받는 지를 추정하였다. 이와 더불어 LR(Likelihood ratio) 검정을 실시하여 고정효과 모형(Fixed Effects Model)을 통해 회귀분석 하였다.

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A Study on the Trade-Economic Effects and Utilization of AEO Mutual Recognition Agreements

  • LEE, Chul-Hun;HUH, Moo-Yul
    • 산경연구논집
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    • 제11권2호
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    • pp.25-31
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    • 2020
  • Purpose: The AEO (Authorized Economic Operator) program, created in 2001 in the United States due to 9.11 terrorist's attack, fundamentally changed the trade environment. Korea, which introduced AEO program in 2009, has become one of the world's top countries in the program by ranking 6th in the number of AEO certified companies and the world's No. 1 in MRA (Mutual Recognition Agreement) conclusions. In this paper, we examined what trade-economic and non-economic effects the AEO program and its MRA have in Korea. Research design, data and methodology: In this study we developed a model to verify the impact between utilization of AEO and trade-economic effects of the AEO and its MRA. After analyzing the validity and reliability of the model through Structural Equation Model we conducted a survey to request AEO companies to respond their experience on the effects of AEO program and MRA. As a result, 196 responses were received from 176 AEO companies and utilized in the analysis. Results: With regard to economic effects, the AEO program and the MRA have not been directly linked to financial performance, such as increased sales, increased export and import volumes, reduced management costs, and increased operating profit margins. However, it was analyzed that the positive effects of supply chain management were evident, such as strengthening self-security, monitoring and evaluating risks regularly, strengthening cooperation with trading companies, enhancing cargo tracking capabilities, and reducing the time required for export and import. Conclusions: When it comes to the trade-economic effects of AEO program and its MRA, AEO companies did not satisfy with direct effects, such as increased sales and volume of imports and exports, reduced logistics costs. However, non-economic effects, such as reduced time in customs clearance, freight tracking capability, enhanced security in supply chain are still appears to be big for them. In a rapidly changing trade environment the AEO and MRA are still useful. Therefore the government needs to encourage non-AEO companies to join the AEO program, expand MRA conclusion with AEO adopted countries especially developing ones and help AEO companies make good use of AEO and MRA.

공간모형을 통한 FTA의 다각화가 양자무역에 미치는 영향 분석 (The Effects of FTA Diversification on Bilateral Trade in the Spatial Model)

  • 이순철
    • 국제지역연구
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.53-78
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    • 2016
  • 본고는 2003~2013년 기간 동안 62개 국가를 대상으로 양국간 FTA와 자국 및 무역상대국의 다양한 FTA체결 확산이 양자간 무역에 미치는 영향을 중력모형과 공간모형을 이용하여 분석하였다. 본고는 먼저 중력모형과 공간모형을 이용하여 양국이 체결한 FTA가 양자간의 무역 및 수출입에 미치는 영향과 동시에 모형 적용의 적절성을 분석하였다. 그 다음으로 공간모형만을 이용하여 양국간의 FTA를 통제한 상태에서 자국 및 무역상대국이 체결한 FTA가 양자간의 무역에는 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 분석하였다. 분석결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 양자간의 FTA가 무역에 미치는 영향을 분석할 때에는 중력모형보다는 공간회귀모형을 이용하는 것이 더 적절하다. 이는 양자간 무역에서 공간적 파급효과가 중요하다는 것을 의미한다. 둘째, 이미 많은 연구들이 증거를 제시하였듯이 양국간에 체결한 FTA는 FTA 회원국의 양자간 무역을 확대시키는 역할을 한다. 셋째, 자국 및 무역 상대국이 FTA를 많이 체결할수록 양자간의 무역은 증가한다. 넷째, 양자간에 FTA를 체결한 상태에서 자국 및 무역상대국이 FTA를 많이 체결할 경우 무역 다각화 또는 무역전환효과의 발생으로 인하여 양자간의 무역이 감소한다. 결론적으로 본고는 FTA 정책의 추진에 있어서 무역 자체의 확대 및 무역의 다각적 확대를 위해서는 FTA를 가능한 많이 체결해야 하겠지만, 그 만큼 기존에 체결한 FTA의 효과는 반감되기 때문에 새로운 FTA를 체결할 경우 정치적 이유가 아니라면 상대적으로 시장이 큰 국가와 추진하는 것이 유리하다는 정책적 시사점으로 제시하고 있다.

한-캐나다 FTA 수출효과 분석 (Analysis of Korea-Canada FTA's export effect)

  • 염경윤;박기백
    • 무역학회지
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    • 제45권4호
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    • pp.1-24
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    • 2020
  • This study aims to analyze the export effects of Korea-Canada FTA's tariff reduction, which was launched on January 1, 2015. First, as a groundwork, this study reviewed trade creation and trade diversion by investigating all possible cases of both initial FTA and additional FTA. The review was done by using the simple model of three countries assuming FTA means elimination of tariff. The review suggested that additional FTA doesn't have any negative impact on import country's social welfare contrary to initial FTA. In additional FTA, Trade diversion could happen between FTA partner countries, but it always increases import country's social welfare. In this sense, it can be called favorable trade diversion. Second, this study analyzed the export effects of Korea-Canada FTA using Clausing's product level model based on Canadian government import data from Korea which is not open to the public. It turned out that Korea-Canada FTA's tariff reduction boosted Canadian import growth rate from Korea. On the other hand, Canadian import growth rate from rest of the world was not negatively affected by Korea-Canada FTA's tariff reduction. Rather, it increased as Canadian import growth rate from Korea was higher. These findings implied trade creation rather than trade diversion of Korea-Canada FTA when it comes to Korea's export to Canada.

The Impact of the Canada-Korea Free Trade Agreement as Negotiated

  • Ciuriak, Dan;Xiao, Jingliang
    • East Asian Economic Review
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    • 제18권4호
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    • pp.425-461
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    • 2014
  • This paper analyzes the impact of the Canada-Korea Free Trade Agreement on the basis of the published text and agreed schedule of commitments. We find that the Agreement reinforces existing patterns of comparative advantage between Canada (agriculture and resource-based sectors) and Korea (autos and other industries). The sensitive sectors that held up the deal for years - autos into Canada and beef into Korea - witness major trade gains, but are not unduly disrupted. In both economies, the major output gains otherwise come in non-traded services sectors, driven by income effects. We find that trade diversion effects are quite significant; this lends support for the domino theory of major free trade agreements - since the Korea-EU agreement broke the ice, the pressure has intensified on third parties to re-level playing fields by striking their own deals. The study breaks new ground in modelling services trade by developing policy impacts based on the extent to which the text of the Agreement modifies Korea's and Canada's scores on the OECD's Services Trade Restrictiveness Index and by providing estimates of Mode 3 Services trade impacts. The analysis of the Agreement as negotiated, the present study, in our view, is a step forward in understanding the impact of modern free trade agreements.

The Effects of Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Absorptive Capabilities on the Economic Growth of the Lao People's Democratic Republic

  • NANTHARATH, Phouthakannha;KANG, Eungoo
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • 제6권3호
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    • pp.151-162
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    • 2019
  • The paper examines the effects of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on the economic growth of Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) between 1993 and 2015. The investigation is based on the influence of growth and economic absorptive capability determinants such as human capital, trade openness, and institutional quality. The methodological analysis uses a multivariate framework accounting capital stock, labor stock, FDI, human capital, trade openness, and institutional quality in regression of the Vector Autoregressive model. Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test, Johansen Cointegration test, and Granger Causality test were applied as parts of the econometric time-series analysis approach. The empirical results demonstrate the positive effects of FDI and trade openness, and the negative effects of human capital and institutional quality on the economic growth of the Lao PDR over the 1993 to 2015 period. The findings confirm that trade openness complemented by a sufficient level of infrastructure, education, quality institutions, and transparency significantly influence economic growth and attract more FDI. Research results lend credence to the need for the Lao PDR's government to focus on improving its economic absorptive capability and economic competitiveness regionally and globally by improving wealth and resource management strategies, as failure to take this course of action could lead to the Dutch Disease effects.