• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.388-393
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• 1998

시장개방화로 수입쇠고기의 물량은 급증하여 최종 유통과정에서 수입쇠고기가 한우로 판매되어 소비자가 피해를 보는 등 사회적 물의를 일으키는 경우가 종종있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 한우와 수입쇠고기의 과학적 판별을 위하여 시중에 유통 중인 한우와 수입쇠고기를 최근 유전자 기법인 PCR-RAPD를 이용하여 연구하였으며 아울러 위생에 대한 안전성 문제를 점검하기 위하여 장관출혈성 대장균과 식중독 세균에 대한 미생물 시험을 실시하였다. PCR 분석에 사용된 DNA 증폭조건은 $1{\times}Taq$ polymerase buffer, 1.5 mM $MgCl_2,\;50\;\mu\textrm{M}$ dNTP, 100ng primer, 2.5 unit Taq polymerase(perkin Elmer AmpliTaq), 5~20 ng template DNA이며 최종 반응용액은 $50\;\mu\textrm{\ell}$이다. 증폭산물의 크기는 대개 0.5 kbp~2.0kbp 사이의 범위에서 검출되었다. 수입 쇠고기에서만 DNA 크기가 약 1.2kbp인 유전자 표지인자가 확인되었으며 이 유전자 표지인자의 확인으로 한우와 수입쇠고기가 90%이상 구별되었으며 이는 한우 육간의 품종판별에 유용하리라 생각된다. 위생 시험 결과 최근 사회적으로 문제가 있었던 장관출혈성 대장균 O157:H7, O26, 등을 비롯하여 주요 식중독균인 Salmonella spp. 과 Listeria monocytogenes은 전혀 검출되지 않았다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.417-424
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• 2013

본 연구는 거시경제변수가 호텔 기업의 수익성에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 경영자들에게 유용한 정보를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있으며 이를 위해 전체 호텔 기업을 대상으로 분석을 실시하였다. 거시경제변수가 총자산순이익률에 미치는 영향에 관한 회귀분석 결과 산업생산지수와 원/달러환율은 정(+)의, 국제원유가격, 소비자물가지수, 실업률은 부(-)의 유의적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나 통화량과 무역수지는 유의적인 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 거시경제변수가 자기자본순이익률에 미치는 영향에 관한 회귀분석 결과 소비자물가지수와 실업률은 부(-)의, 원/달러환율은 정(+)의 유의적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나 산업생산지수, 국제원유가격, 통화량, 무역수지는 유의적인 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 분석 결과를 종합해 보면 총자산순이익률과 자기자본순이익률 모두에 영향을 미치는 변수는 원/달러환율과 실업률인 것으로 나타났다. 분석 결과를 종합해 보면 총자산순이익률과 자기자본순이익률 모두에 영향을 미치는 변수는 원/달러환율과 실업률인 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 호텔 경영자들은 환율이 높아질수록 국내 호텔 상품이 가격적인 면에서 매력성이 있다는 것을 강조하는 마케팅전략뿐만 아니라 외래 관광객들이 호텔에 투숙하는 동안 즐길 수 있는 다양한 상품과 서비스를 제공함으로서 수익성을 증대시키도록 노력해야 할 것이다. 또한 실업률이 높은 경기 불황기에는 고가의 상품뿐만 아니라 중저가 패키지 상품 등을 함께 제공함으로 보다 많은 고객들을 유인하려고 노력해야 할 것이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1651-1659
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• 2017

Objective: Lao PDR's recent accession to the World Trade Organization necessitates a greater understanding of the patterns and risk of livestock production in order to better align national policy with the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures. This eco-health study was conducted to improve understanding of the interrelations between market chains and zoonotic infection risks at two strategic cross border points between Lao PDR, Thailand and Viet Nam. Methods: Information gained from smallholder farmer/trader interviews was integrated with serological surveys for pig-associated zoonoses-including hepatitis E virus (HEV), Taenia solium (T. solium) and trichinella-to identify potential linkages between disease risk and pig production and slaughter in low input systems common across the country. Results: Trichinella and HEV exposure was high in both humans and pigs in both study areas, significantly associated with pig slaughter and the subsequent consumption and handling of raw pork products. T. solium demonstrated a strong geographical and ethnic association with the northern study area bordering Vietnam. With the right knowledge and accessible, affordable inputs, the majority of smallholder farmers indicated a willingness to invest more in pig production, which could simultaneously improve livelihoods and decrease exposure to HEV, Trichinella, and T. solium through increased access to formal markets and an improved slaughter processes. Conclusion: The linkages identified when assessing disease risk in the context of potential economic and cultural drivers of transmission highlight the importance of a systems-based approach for the detection and control of zoonotic disease, and contributes to an improved understanding of the Lao PDR livestock sector.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.87-102
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 외식 프랜차이즈 가맹본부의 지원시스템이 가맹점 신뢰와 재무적성과 그리고 가맹사업자의 다점포 운영의도간의 영향관계를 규명하는데 있다. 연구 목적을 달성하기 위해 가맹사업 거래 공정화에 관한 법률 제9조를 참고하여 브랜드 가맹점 숫자가 100개 이하인 국내 중소형 외식 프랜차이즈 가맹사업자 111명을 대상으로 설문 결과를 수집하였으며, 가설 검증에는 구조방정식 모형 분석을 활용하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 가맹본부의 지원시스템 중 점포개발지원, 교육지원, 물류지원, 슈퍼바이저지원은 가맹점 신뢰에 유의미한 정(+)의 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으나, 홍보지원은 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 가맹본부 지원시스템 중 점포개발지원은 가맹점 재무적 성과에 유의미한 정(+)의 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으나, 교육지원, 물류지원, 슈퍼바이저지원, 홍보지원은 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 가맹점 신뢰는 재무적 성과와 다점포 운영의도에 유의미한 정(+)의 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 가맹점의 재무적성과는 다점포 운영의도에 유의미한 정(+)의 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 신뢰와 다점포 운영의도 영향에서 재무적 성과의 매개 효과를 확인해 본 결과 간접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인 되었다. 본 연구는 중소형 외식 프랜차이즈 지원시스템, 가맹점 신뢰, 재무적성과, 다점포 운영의도 간의 영향 관계를 확인 하였으며, 특히 국내 중소형 외식 프랜차이즈 가맹점의 성과와 가맹본부의 시스템의 질적 성장을 통해 동반성장 할 수 있는 영향관계를 확인하였다는데 의의가 있다고 판단된다.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.105-119
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• 2001

우리나라에서는 연안지역을 이용할 때 다양한 이해주체들간에 의견이 대립되고 있다. 그러나, 선진국과 같이 이해상충 해결을 위한 중재자의 활발한 활동, 이해갈등해소 프로그램의 운영, 정책의 일관성과 지속성 및 연안관련법의 연관성 등이 잘 정비되어 있지 못하여, 연안지역에서 이해상충이 발생될 시 큰 사회적 파장을 가져오고 있다. 이러한 문제를 개선하고자, 본 연구에서는 연안지역을 이용할 때 상충되는 이해주체간에 합리적인 의사결정을 도출 할 수 있도록 객관적이고 정형화된 평가 기준을 제시하는 것을 연구의 목적으로 하였다. 연구의 방법은 시스템의 평가구조를 유효하게 추출하는 주성인 분석법을 사용하며, 설문은 보존과 환경에 관련된 연구소, 환경단체, 지역주민을 포함하는 전문가 집단, 개발 및 이용에 관련된 정부, 지방자치단체, 지역연구소에 소속되는 전문가 집단 및 관련 분야에 연관되는 대학교수, 연구원 등외 연구분야의 전문가집단으로 구성된 전문가 자문단을 대상으로 실시하였다. 연구의 결과 이해상충 조정을 위한 객관적인 평가구조는 총 5개의 대표속성 및 35개의 복합적인 세부속성으로 구성되어 있음을 확인 할 수 있었다. 연구결과 도출된 평가구조는 중재자의 활동 및 합리적인 의사결정을 기대하기 어려운 우리나라 현실에서 상충해소를 위해 큰 역할을 할 것으로 기대되며, 관련분야 및 후속연구에도 큰 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2016

Purpose - This study examines the effects of the influence strategies on sales representative and headquarter trust, and investigates how sales representative trust plays a mediating role in the relationship between influence strategies and headquarter trust. For these purposes, a structural model which consists of several constructs was developed. In this model, influence strategies that consist of relational influence strategies (information exchange, recommend, promise) and mandatory influence strategies (legal plea, request, threat) were proposed to affect the sales representative trust and in turn, increase the headquarter trust. Thus, this study proposed that sale representative trust plays a core mediating role in the relationship between relational and mandatory influence strategies and headquarter trust in B2B food materials distribution context. Research design, data, and methodology - For these purposes, the authors collected the data from 208 B2B specialized complex agents. We used the 2,200 B2B specialized complex agents which trade with CJ, Ottogi, and Daesang firms and supply food materials to restaurant, school cafeteria, supermarket and traditional market as a sample frame. Once we identified 330 B2B specialized complex agent owners, CEOs, and/or Directors who had agreed to participate in this study, we dropped off a questionnaire at each B2B specialized complex agent and explained the purpose of this study. The survey was conducted from October 1, 2015 to December 15, 2015. A total of 230 questionnaires were collected. Of these collected questionnaires, 28 questionnaires excluded since they had not been fully completed. The data were analyzed using frequency test, reliability test, measurement model analysis, and structural equation modeling with SPSS and SmartPLS 2. Results - First, information exchange, recommendation, and promise of relational influence strategies had positive effects on sales representative trust. The threat of mandatory influence strategies had a negative effect on sales representative trust, but legal plea and request did not have a significant effect on sales representative trust. Second, information exchange and recommendation of relational influence strategies had positive effects on headquarter trust, but promise did not. Also, legal plea, request, and threat of mandatory influence strategies did not have a significant effect on headquarter trust. Third, this findings show that sales representative trust plays a partial mediator between information exchange and headquarter trust, and threat and headquarter trust, and a full mediator between promise and headquarter trust, and recommendation and headquarter trust. Conclusions - The aim of this study was to examine the effects how diverse dimensions of relational and mandatory influence strategies relate to sales representative trust and headquarter trust. To do so, we integrated the influence strategies and the trust transfer theory to hypothesize that various influence strategies increase sales representative and headquarter trust. The findings of this study suggest that headquarter firms should establish and enforce proper influence strategies guidelines to make clear what proper actions sales representatives should implement in relationship with B2B specialized complex agents. Also, relational and mandatory influence strategies must be regarded as a long-term and ongoing strategy that eventually build a long-term orientation with B2B specialized complex agents and guarantee a company's sustainable growth and success.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2015

Purpose - This study attempts to analyze whether or not there are characteristics among the top management of companies that promote corporate performance at venture companies. It investigates the characteristics of the human and social capital that are inherent in top management at a venture company and conducts an empirical analysis of hypotheses examining if these characteristics will affect utilization of the governmental R&D support system as well as affect the firm's initial success. Research design, data, and methodology - This study conducted theoretical and empirical research together to accomplish the goal of the study. The pilot study researched human capital and social capital as the independent variables; the governmental R&D support system as the parameter; and, the initial success as the dependent variable. The empirical study carried out research on the model, establishment of hypotheses, and the statistical treatment. A survey was conducted targeting top management of high-tech venture companies in Daedeok Innopolis; 500 questionnaires were distributed; and, 222 were collected. Results - The human and social capital inherent in top management at venture companies in the early stages of their existence become good evaluation data for those who are invested in similar resources. If top management includes strong human and social capital, access to external resources will be easier; these will have a positive influence on the selection of overnmental support systems; and, this proper support will also have a positive influence on the initial success of the venture company. The results revealed the following. First, it was found that when the educational level and functional background, (the top management human capital), are the output function, top management human capital had a significant influence on selection of governmental R&D support funds. Second, it was found that the internal social capital and external social capital, (the top management social capital), had a significant influence on selection of governmental R&D support tasks. Third, it was found that selection of the governmental R&D support tasks at the start of the venture company had a positive influence on the corporate financial performance such as sales, business profits, and the increase in workers; and, had a significant influence on nonfinancial performance such as market share, competitive position, product competitiveness, and the future product development. Conclusions - Selection of the governmental R&D support system is not recognized as part of the direct sales of a venture company in its early stages, but as it can reduce costs for technical development and helps significantly in creating test products and mass production, it has a positive influence on the company's financial performance and nonfinancial performance as a result. Therefore, companies should take great efforts to frequently be selected as a candidate in the governmental R&D support system, as it can help facilitate R&D that requires extensive funds. As a result, companies can expect effects such as job creation and patent applications and they can advance future product sales.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.109-114
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• 2015

Purpose - The movie market has the characteristics of being a perfectly competitive market as well as a pure monopolistic market at the same time. This is because there are competitors in the industry but prices, although not fixed, have not changed a lot. Price competition may not have spread, but the competition is focused on artistic value, and the degree of box office success is most important. The artistic value is determined in the course of the production process. However, the degree of box office success is dependent upon the marketing manager. The marketing strategy represents the difference in the standard or quality of the movie. Inherently, the marketing manager adopts the entertainment strategy based on the quality of the foundation of the completed movie. At this time, the marketing manager knows the pertinent information (high quality/low quality) regarding the movie. This research study tries to reveal what should be the reasonable movie marketing expense, dependent on the quality of the movie. Research design, data, and methodology - Using a game scenario with different market players, the goal of the research analysis is to find out the following. First, the marketing expense is determined to maximize the profits after film production. Second, after the production costs are already committed, the manufacturer gets to choose the marketing level. At this time, there will be a profit maximization point, considering the competition. The premise of the research is as follows: if it is a good movie of quality, positive word of mouth increasing the audience continuously slows down the speed of the demand curve. If the movie quality is bad, the negative word of mouth decreasing the audience gradually hastens the speed of the demand curve. On the marketing side, when the manufacturer invests heavily in the marketing expense of the movie, consumer expectations increase to drive up the audience numbers. On the other hand, it is difficult to improve the profits excessively. When the manufacturer invests in marketing a little bit, the marketing expense is only relatively committed, therefore a lot of demand cannot be gained. Results - If a fixed market share is in a competitive situation, a low quality manufacturer expends relatively more marketing expense. If the situation assumes two manufacturers spend the same for the cost of production, the high quality manufacturer takes more profit. If the manufacturer expends less marketing budget to save costs, the optimum profit cannot be achieved since the other party (opponent) grabs the initial market share. Conclusions - In conclusion, investment is essential for market share to increase. We must refrain from a zero-sum game and have models where the game participants pursue the creative profits together. In the current film industry, there is the dominating logic of winner and loser but we have to create a film industry environment where the participants can be altogether satisfied and live together.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.81-92
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• 2013

Purpose - This study empirically analyzes the effect of improvements in the quality of service management performance of college education on traders' conscious change of business management innovation and diverse sales expertise for a year. The use of traders' conscious changes and sales expertise as variables for the verification of the effects of parameters related to the active trader's traditional education market is a desirable direction. The method of research reflects the quality of education service, management result, traders' conscious changes, and sales expertise to understand the precise essence and definition of teaching quality at merchant colleges through theoretical consideration. Moreover, its impact on traders' conscious changes and sales expertise in empirical analysis acts as an intermediary. Research design, data, methodology - The hypothesis of this study leverages the SPSS statistical program. To gather actual proof, sample survey for theoretical research examined 262 valid papers of the 300 papers written by 10 merchants who graduated from merchant's university. First, using the SERVQUAL model, Parasuraman et al. (1996) indicated that for quality of education service, the configuration of factors is the same as the sympathetic performance, that is, responsiveness and empathy, and traders are aware of these elements. However, our preliminary investigation revealed that traders' university education has been excluded as a component of quality of service in the earlier studies. Moreover, we found that certainty of knowledge, reliability, and sympathy are influenced by challenges and by the changing intentions of merchant consciousness. In addition, our study confirms that improvements in convincing abilities and sales technique have a positive impact. Second, merchants' and traders' expertise are proven to affect business performance. In other words, university education of traders and merchants affects the consciousness of consumers, and changes patterns of sales. Third, the quality of service management education and change in the consciousness has a considerable impact on the trader, thereby maximizing business performance and acting as an intermediary for verification. Fourth, the quality of service management education affects the trader's sales expertise to maximize business performance. Results - To summarize, the quality of college educational services relates to the improvement of business performance and the role of the resulting virtuous cycle. Consequently, we can look for suggestions in the traditional markets, where the Government pays attention to the exterior environmental factors as well as to the changing business environment. However, the most important aspect is the merchant awareness. That is, a merchant should understand the distribution environment. Several competitor and trend analyses should be conducted to meet customers' expectations positively and proactively cope with any challenges related to changes. Further, expertise in sales and marketing skills need to be acquired to improve customer convincing abilities and develop a customer-oriented mindset. Conclusions - According to the changes in consumption trends of business enterprises, new management techniques are required to survive competition by improving traditional markets, which will necessitate more competitive education programs in merchant universities.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.98-116
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• 2006

향후 20년간 민간항공업계는 성장할 것이다. 에어버스와 보잉은 모두 약 2만대의 신규 대형민간항공기 (LCA) 가 인도될 것으로 예측하고 있다. 대형민간항공기 (LCA)란 100인승 이상의 민간제트항공기를 말한다. 에어버스는 555석 이상의 A380 (슈퍼점보)을 내 놓고 있고, 보잉은 250석 가량의 B787 (드림라이너)을 제공하고 있다. 양사의 철학은 대단히 상이하다. B787 소개 후 에어버스는 A350이라는 신형 항공기를 B787의 직접적 경쟁기종으로 내 놓으려 하는데, 이 항공기는 B787을 위하여 개발된 엔진을 사용할 것이다. 보잉사가 요구하여 2004년 10월 6일 미국 정부는 잘못된 지원금 (subsidies)을 이유로 에어버스사를 세계무역기구 (WTO)에 제소하였다. 전 세계의 민간항공기 시장에서의 LCA 개발 현황이 간략하게 살펴져 있다. LCA 업계에서는 엔진과 항공전자 (avionics) 업체들 사이에 변화가 거의 없기 때문에, 본 연구에서는 기체 부분만이 다루어져 있다. 양대 LCA 제작사인 에어버스와 보잉의 개발 및 마케팅 전략 상 상이점들을 분석하여 보았다. 보잉은 조만간 1위의 자리를 탈환하겠지만, 기술상의 선진 위치는 보잉으로부터 멀어질 수도 있겠다는 것이 저자들의 예측이다.