• Title/Summary/Keyword: Tracking Performance Analysis

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Robust Stability Condition and Analysis on Steady-State Tracking Errors of Repetitive Control Systems

  • Doh, Tae-Yong;Ryoo, Jung-Rae
    • International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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    • v.6 no.6
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    • pp.960-967
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    • 2008
  • This paper shows that design of a robustly stable repetitive control system is equivalent to that of a feedback control system for an uncertain linear time-invariant system satisfying the well-known robust performance condition. Once a feedback controller is designed to satisfy the robust performance condition, the feedback controller and the repetitive controller using the performance weighting function robustly stabilizes the repetitive control system. It is also shown that we can obtain a steady-state tracking error described in a simple form without time-delay element if the robust stability condition is satisfied for the repetitive control system. Moreover, using this result, a sufficient condition is provided, which ensures that the least upper bound of the steady-state tracking error generated by the repetitive control system is less than or equal to the least upper bound of the steady-state tracking error only by the feedback system.

Performance analysis of TDL for tracking of a direct-sequence spread-spectrum system in a multipath fading channel (다중경로 페이딩 전송로에서 직접시퀀스 확산대역 시스템이 추적을 위한 TDL의 성능분석)

  • 김진영;이재홍
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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    • v.33A no.3
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    • pp.10-17
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    • 1996
  • The performance of tau-dither loop (TDL) is evaluated for a direct-sequence spread-spectrum system in a multipath fading channel. The multipath fading channel is modeled as a two-ray rayleight fading channel. The code tracking perfomrance of TDL is analyzed in terms of tracking jitter and mean-tiem-to-lose-lick (MTLL). The tracking jitter performance is degraded while MTLL perfomrance is improved with increasing discriminator offset and decreasing power ratio of main to second paths. It is shown that for a large bit SNR, the effect of multipath fading becomes more significant. And it is also shown that tracking jitter and MTLL performance is less sensitive to delay spacing and discriminator offset for a small bit SNR than for a large bit SNR.

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The Optimal Tracking Error of Active Stock Fund by Smart Beta Strategy (스마트 베타 전략에 따른 액티브 주식형 펀드의 최적 추적오차)

  • Jae-Hyun Lee
    • Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.163-175
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    • 2022
  • Purpose - This study introduces a methodology for finding the optimal tracking error of active stock funds. Tracking error is commonly used in risk budgeting techniques as a concept of cost for alpha creation. Design/methodology/approach - This study uses a post-optimal smart beta portfolio that maximizes alpha under the given tracking error constraint. Findings - As a result of the analysis, the smart beta strategy that maximized alpha under the constraint of 0.15% daily tracking error shows the highest IR. This means the maximum theoretically achievable efficiency. In this regard, a fixed-effect panel regression analysis is conducted to evaluate the active efficiency of domestic stock funds. In addition to control variables based on previous studies, the effect of tracking error on alpha is analyzed. The alpha used in this model is calculated using the smart beta portfolio according to the size of the constraint of the tracking error as a benchmark. Contrary to theoretical estimates, in Korea, the alpha performance is maximized under a daily tracking error of 0.1%. This indicates that the active efficiency of domestic equity funds is lower than the theoretical maximum. Research implications or Originality - Based on this study, it is expected that it can be used for active risk management of pension funds and performance evaluation of active strategies.

Design Variable Analysis of Space Optical Tracking System Using Modeling and Simulation (모델링 및 시뮬레이션을 활용한 우주 광학 추적 시스템 설계 변수 분석)

  • Chul Hyun;Jae Deok Jang;Hojin Lee;Hyun Seung Kim
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.76-84
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    • 2024
  • This study investigates the design of an optical observation system for continuously tracking unknown space object targets within the telescope's field of view at a short cycle rate of several to tens of frames per second. Through modeling and integrated simulation by design variables, we aim to identify combinations that satisfy the performance effectiveness scale. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of a model-based simulation analysis approach in rapidly identifying design parameters that meet specific performance requirements. By leveraging numerical models tailored to the desired performance analysis level, the approach provides a robust foundation for decision-making, eliminating reliance on empirical methods or vague estimations.

Analysis of Sun Tracking Error Caused by the Heliostat Driving Axis Geometrical Error Utilizing the Solar Ray Tracing Technique (태양광선 제적추적기법을 이용한 Heliostat 구동축 기구오차에서 기인하는 태양추적오차의 분석)

  • Park, Young-Chil
    • Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.39-46
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    • 2009
  • Heliostat, as a mirror system tracking the sun's movement, is the most important subsystem determining the efficiency of solar thermal power plant. Thus the accurate sun tracking performance under the various hazardous operating condition, is required. This study presents a methodology of development of the solar ray tracing technique and the application of it in the analysis of sun tracking error due to the heliostat geometrical errors. The geometrical errors considered here are the azimuth axis tilting error and the elevation axis tilting error. We first analyze the geometry of solar ray reflected from the heliostat. Then the point on the receiver, where the solar ray reflected from the heliostat is landed, is computed and compared with the original intended point, which represents the sun tracking error. The result obtained shows that the effect of geometrical error on the sun tracking performance is varying with time(season) and the heliostat location. It also shows that the heliostat located near the solar tower has larger sun tracking error than that of the heliostat located farther.

Implementation and Performance Analysis of the Single Channel Monopulse System (단일채널 모노펄스시스템의 구현 및 성능 검증)

  • Kang, Byoung-Wook;Kwon, Hyuk-Ja;Lee, Young-Jin
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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    • v.27 no.10
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    • pp.900-908
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    • 2016
  • In this paper, we have studied the tracking system with a single channel monopulse receiver that has a comparative advantage of costs, size, weight, and power consumption over the general 3-channel monopulse receivers. After the single channel monopulse system was composed of an antenna, a monopulse receiver, a servo unit, a RF signal processor unit and a power supply unit, we analyzed the basic tracking performance of the tracking error angle and the pointing loss. And we proved the tracking performance to a moving target in the outdoor environment. On the Analysis of the tracking test results, the single channel monopulse system shows a equal or higher performance over the general 3-channel monopulse system and also has advantages of the system implementation. Also, it is concluded that this study is useful to apply a single channel monopulse receiver with benefits of production price and miniaturization when the monopulse tracking systems will be developed in the future.

Performance Improvement of INS Velocity-aided GPS Carrier Tracking Loop (INS 속도 정보를 사용한 GPS 반송파 추적 루프의 성능 향상)

  • Kim Jeong-Won;Lee Sang-Jeong;Hwang Dong-Hwan
    • Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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    • v.12 no.8
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    • pp.739-745
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    • 2006
  • This paper presents performance improvement of the INS velocity-adided GPS carier tracking loop. To this end, INS velocity-aided GPS carrier tracking loop was modeled as a feedfoward and a feedback loop system. In the phase tracking loop, it was shown that the tracking error caused by the dynamic motion of the vehicle can be compensated with the aiding of the INS information irrespective of the loop order and bandwidth. However, the signal trcking error increases as the INS error increases. It was also shown that in order to remove the tracking error caused by INS bias error, more than or equal to 2nd order PLL should be used. Experiments were carried out and the experimental results were compared with the analysis results.

Video Analysis System for Action and Emotion Detection by Object with Hierarchical Clustering based Re-ID (계층적 군집화 기반 Re-ID를 활용한 객체별 행동 및 표정 검출용 영상 분석 시스템)

  • Lee, Sang-Hyun;Yang, Seong-Hun;Oh, Seung-Jin;Kang, Jinbeom
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.89-106
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    • 2022
  • Recently, the amount of video data collected from smartphones, CCTVs, black boxes, and high-definition cameras has increased rapidly. According to the increasing video data, the requirements for analysis and utilization are increasing. Due to the lack of skilled manpower to analyze videos in many industries, machine learning and artificial intelligence are actively used to assist manpower. In this situation, the demand for various computer vision technologies such as object detection and tracking, action detection, emotion detection, and Re-ID also increased rapidly. However, the object detection and tracking technology has many difficulties that degrade performance, such as re-appearance after the object's departure from the video recording location, and occlusion. Accordingly, action and emotion detection models based on object detection and tracking models also have difficulties in extracting data for each object. In addition, deep learning architectures consist of various models suffer from performance degradation due to bottlenects and lack of optimization. In this study, we propose an video analysis system consists of YOLOv5 based DeepSORT object tracking model, SlowFast based action recognition model, Torchreid based Re-ID model, and AWS Rekognition which is emotion recognition service. Proposed model uses single-linkage hierarchical clustering based Re-ID and some processing method which maximize hardware throughput. It has higher accuracy than the performance of the re-identification model using simple metrics, near real-time processing performance, and prevents tracking failure due to object departure and re-emergence, occlusion, etc. By continuously linking the action and facial emotion detection results of each object to the same object, it is possible to efficiently analyze videos. The re-identification model extracts a feature vector from the bounding box of object image detected by the object tracking model for each frame, and applies the single-linkage hierarchical clustering from the past frame using the extracted feature vectors to identify the same object that failed to track. Through the above process, it is possible to re-track the same object that has failed to tracking in the case of re-appearance or occlusion after leaving the video location. As a result, action and facial emotion detection results of the newly recognized object due to the tracking fails can be linked to those of the object that appeared in the past. On the other hand, as a way to improve processing performance, we introduce Bounding Box Queue by Object and Feature Queue method that can reduce RAM memory requirements while maximizing GPU memory throughput. Also we introduce the IoF(Intersection over Face) algorithm that allows facial emotion recognized through AWS Rekognition to be linked with object tracking information. The academic significance of this study is that the two-stage re-identification model can have real-time performance even in a high-cost environment that performs action and facial emotion detection according to processing techniques without reducing the accuracy by using simple metrics to achieve real-time performance. The practical implication of this study is that in various industrial fields that require action and facial emotion detection but have many difficulties due to the fails in object tracking can analyze videos effectively through proposed model. Proposed model which has high accuracy of retrace and processing performance can be used in various fields such as intelligent monitoring, observation services and behavioral or psychological analysis services where the integration of tracking information and extracted metadata creates greate industrial and business value. In the future, in order to measure the object tracking performance more precisely, there is a need to conduct an experiment using the MOT Challenge dataset, which is data used by many international conferences. We will investigate the problem that the IoF algorithm cannot solve to develop an additional complementary algorithm. In addition, we plan to conduct additional research to apply this model to various fields' dataset related to intelligent video analysis.

Design and Performance Analysis of Non-coherent Code Tracking Loops for HSDPA MODEM (HSDPA 모뎀용 동기추적회로의 설계 및 성능분석)

  • Yang, Yeon-Sil;Park, Hyung-Rae
    • Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.6-13
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    • 2003
  • In this paper, a non-coherent code tracking loop is designed for 3GPP HSDPA MODEM and its performance is analyzed in terms of steady-state jitter variance and transient response characteristics. Analytical closed-form formula for steady-state jitter variance is first derived for AWGN environments as a function of pulse-shaping filter, timing offset, signal-to-interference ratio, and loop bandwidth. Also obtained is the transient response characteristic of a tracking loop. Finally, the performance of the designed tracking loop is confirmed by computer simulations.

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A new visual tracking approach based on salp swarm algorithm for abrupt motion tracking

  • Zhang, Huanlong;Liu, JunFeng;Nie, Zhicheng;Zhang, Jie;Zhang, Jianwei
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • v.14 no.3
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    • pp.1142-1166
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    • 2020
  • Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA) is a new nature-inspired swarm optimization algorithm that mimics the swarming behavior of salps navigating and foraging in the oceans. SSA has been proved to enable to avoid local optima and enhance convergence speed benefiting from the adaptive nonlinear mechanism and salp chains. In this paper, visual tracking is considered to be a process of locating the optimal position through the interaction between leaders and followers in successive images. A novel SSA-based tracking framework is proposed and the analysis and adjustment of parameters are discussed experimentally. Besides, the qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis are performed to demonstrate the tracking effect of our proposed approach by comparing with ten classical tracking algorithms. Extensive comparative experimental results show that our algorithm has good performance in visual tracking, especially for abrupt motion tracking.