• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.206-209
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• 2008

Tracheal tuberculosis is a relatively uncommon form of tuberculosis and can result in acute tracheal obstruction early in the disease course. This is a report of a case of tracheal tuberculosis with unusual clinical presentation.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.281-286
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• 2002

In this study, we intended to get a preliminary data for establishing rat tracheal surface epithelial(RTSE) cell culture system as an experimental model for physiology and pharmacology of tracheal epithelial cells. Primary culture on the membrane support and application of the air-liquid interface system at the level of cell layer were performed. The cell growth rate and mucin production rate were measured according to the days in culture. The results were as follows: this culture system was found to manifest mucocilliary differentiation of rat tracheal epithelial cells, the cells were confluent and the quantity of produced and released mucin was highest on culture day 9, the mucin was mainly released to the apical side and tbe free $^3{H}$-glucosamine which was not incorporated to process of synthesis of mucin was left on the basolateral side. Taken together, we suggest that air-liquid interface culture system can be used as a substitute for immersion culture system and as an experimental model for in vivo mucus-hypersecretory diseases.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.499-503
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• 2001

Tracheal tumors are uncommon comprising less than 0.1% of all malignancies. Metastatic tracheal tumors, especially from the extrathoracic sites, are exceedingly rare. Ovarian cancer tends to metastasize to the serous cavities and the lymph nodes. One large autopsy study reported tracheal involvement in 1% of patients who had died from ovarian cancer. Other studies have not mentioned tracheal involvement at all. Since the main symptoms of cough, hemoptysis, or wheezing are nonspecific, patients may be initially treated for other conditions including asthma or bronchitis. Here we describe a metastatic tracheal tumor from an ovarian carcinoma that was initially treated for bronchial asthma.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.4447-4450
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• 2015

Background: Nasopharyngeal cancer is a disease with distinct ethnic and geographical distribution. The aim of this review was to describe the epidemiological characteristics of nasopharyngeal cancer in Iran from 2004 to 2009 because no systematic study has been performed to evaluate the trends of its incidence yet. Materials and Methods: The data were derived from the databases of the National Cancer Data System Registry in the period of 2004-2009. Nasopharyngeal cancers were classified according to the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology. Incidence rates and trends were calculated and evaluated by gender, age decade, and histopathology types. Results: A total of 1,637 nasopharyngeal cancers were registered in Iran from 2004 to 2009 giving an incidence of 0.38 per 100,000. The male-to-female ratio was 2.08:1. The trend of incidence was found to have increased, with a significant increase observed in males. Undifferentiated carcinoma was the most common histopathology type in all the age decades. Conclusions: Because the incidence of nasopharyngeal cancers in Iran has increased, especially in males, further studies are recommended for understanding of the etiological factors involved in the rise of the disease.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.583-586
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• 1998

Tracheal bronchus is an uncommon anomaly of the airway in which an ectopic bronchus arises from the trachea superior to its bifurcation. It is usually asymptomatic and no intervention is needed. However in the cases complicated with recurrent pneumonia, bronchiectasis or abscess, surgical excision may be needed. We report 5 cases of tracheal bronchus with or without complication or combined anomaly.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.77 no.5
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• pp.215-218
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• 2014

Tracheal invasion is an uncommon complication of thyroid cancer, but it can cause respiratory failure. A rigid bronchoscope may be used to help relieve airway obstruction, but general anesthesia is usually required. Tracheal balloon dilatation and stent insertion can be performed without general anesthesia, but complete airway obstruction during balloon inflation may be dangerous in some patients. Additionally, placement of the stent adjacent to the vocal cords can be technically challenging. An 86-year-old female patient with tracheal invasion resulting from thyroid cancer was admitted to our hospital because of worsening dyspnea. Due to the patient's refusal of general anesthesia and the interventional radiologist's difficulty in completing endotracheal stenting, we performed endotracheal tube balloon dilatation and argon plasma coagulation. We have successfully treated tracheal obstruction in the patient with thyroid cancer by using endotracheal tube balloon inflation and a flexible bronchoscope without general anesthesia or airway obstruction during balloon inflation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.405-407
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• 2016

Tracheal diverticulum is often diagnosed incidentally and, due to its rarity, there is no standard treatment. It is a benign entity, but has the potential to cause specific symptoms, such as chronic upper respiratory infection and chronic cough. Symptomatic tracheal diverticulum can be medically treated, but likelihood of recurrence is high. We report a case of surgical resection of symptomatic tracheal diverticulum to prevent recurrence.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.450-456
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• 2002

Idiopathic tracheal stenosis is a type of benign stenosis that possesses specific characteristics but is of unknown origin. It is a rare disease characterized by extensive fibrosis of a portion of trachea, and predominantly found in women. The lesion presents as circumferential fibrotic stenosis that usually occurs at upper trachea and the subglottic larynx, but lower trachea may also be involved. Diagnosis is made from the clinical characteristics accompanide by compatible pathologic features and by exclusion of other etiologies. Conservative management such as laser resection, dilatation and stent insertion can be tried initially, but surgical resection is recommended for definitive treatment due to frequent restenosis and maintenance problems of conservative approach. We report a case of idiopathic tracheal stenosis treated with tracheal resection and anastomosis followed by insertion of a retrievable stent for immediate relief of airway obstruction.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 1991

It has been well known that the integrity of airway epithelium is important in development of bronchial hyperreactivity and bronchial asthma. But the mechanisms involved are still unclear. To evaluate that airway epithelium is able to modulate the contraction of guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle, we investigated the responsiveness of intact and epithelium-denuded tracheal strips to histamine and acetylcholine. And to evaluate whether cyclooxgenase products play a role in this modulatory mechanism, we also investigated the effect of indomethacin pretreatment on the tracheal responsiveness to histamine. Results were as follows: 1) In guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle the presence of airway epithelium significantly reduced the response to histamine. 2) In the presence of indomethacin dose-response curves and $EC_{50}$ values were similar between intact and epithelium-denuded tracheal strips, that is, indomethacin abolished the influence of epithelium on the contracion of tracheal smooth muscle. 3) The response of tracheal smooth muscle to acetylcholine was similar both in the presence and absence of epithelium. These results suggest that airway epithelium of guinea pig may generate an inhibitory signal to decrease the response of tracheal smooth muscle to histamine and cyclooxygenase products may contrbute to the modulation of airway epithelium on the contracion of tracheal smooth muscle.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.148-153
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• 1997

Laryngotracheal stenosis is one of the most troublesome diseases in the Em field. Subglottic stenosis can be treated by a cricoid augmentation with rib cartilage. In case of tracheal stenosis, the treatment of choice is by tracheal end-to-end anastomosis after resection of the stenotic site. However, in case of subglottic stenosis combined with tracheal stenosis, it is hard to manage. Even though several methods(such as thyrotracheal anastomosis) have been tried, they have some limitations too much excision of normal trachea and too much pulling up of the trachea after resection of the stenotic lesion. The authors have managed two cases of laryngotracheal stenosis as an anterior and posterior subglottic augmentation with an autologous cartilage graft and laryngotracheal anastomosis. The first few weeks after the operation, we could do a decannulation successfully, but in one case the patient developed restenosis. Even though one case was unsuccessful, the authors believe that this method could be used in the treatment of laryngotracheal stenosis.