• Resources Recycling
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.73-80
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• 2022

This study investigated the mineralogical characteristics and basic flotation properties of domestic molybdenum ores. The source mineral of molybdenum was identified as molybdenite, and the main gangue minerals in the raw ore were silicate minerals. Copper, lead, and zinc were also found in trace amounts. Based on the results of basic flotation properties, molybdenite's zeta potential showed negative charges in all pH ranges. The contact angle of molybdenite increased with pH, reaching a maximum of 74° at pH 9. In optimal conditions, the grade and recovery of the concentrate by unit flotation were MoS2 82.4% and 92.04%, respectively. Further investigation of the impurities in the concentrate revealed a sulfide mineral with surface characteristics similar to molybdenite and silicate minerals combined with molybdenite, which may degrade the quality of the concentrate. To improve the concentrate quality, we intend to control silicate minerals through regrinding and liberation and use column flotation to improve fine particle separation efficiency.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.677-679
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• 2001

Effect of Growell a herbomineral premix was evaluated on performance, organ weight, humoral immune response, tissue and serum trace element profile of boilers. Day old 50 Babcock broiler chicks were randomly divided in two groups (C and T) and reared on deep litter system for 6 weeks of age. Chicks from group C were given basal diet while chicks from T group were fed basal diet supplemented with Growell at the rate 0.35 g/Kg. The chicks were vaccinated with Lasota strain of NCDV at $4^{th}$ and $28^{th}$ day of age. The birds receiving Growell treatment had higher body weight with better feed conversion ratio as compare to that of control chicks. Growell treatment had significantly reduced per cent weight of spleen and kidney, whereas that of bursa was increased. There was no effect of treatment on relative weight of thymus. HI antibody titer against NCDV in Growell treated chicks were higher as compare to untreated chicks indicating better humoral immune status. Growell treatment had no effect on serum Fe and Zn concentration. Dietary supplementation of Growell had significantly increased iron content of liver, kidney and muscle; zinc content of kidney and muscle; copper content of kidney and muscle and Mn content of kidney. Growell treatment improved the body weight, FCR and humoral immune status of broilers. Similarly, deposition of trace minerals in various organs was also increased in comparison to control.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.656-663
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• 2001

This study was carried out to evaluate the minerals and trace elements contents in colostrum milk produced from 30 normal healthy mothers delivery at term, 10 mothers delivery preterm and 8 pregnancy induced hypertensive mothers(PIH) and to investigate the relationship between maternal minerals intakes during pregnancy and milk contents of minerals. Five minerals(Na, K, Ca, P, Mg) and three trace elements(Fe, Zn, Cu) in colostrum were determined by ICP-AES and maternal dietary intakes during pregnancy were estimated by semiquantitative frequency questionnaire. Maternal dietary intakes of three groups during pregnancy were below the recommended allowances except protein and phosphorus. The overall mean nutrients intakes of mothers delivered preterm were the lowest among three study groups, especially phosphorus and sodium intakes of preterm mothers were significantly lower than those of normal term mothers(p < 0.05). Dietary intakes of mothers with pregnancy induced hypertension were similar to those of normal term mothers except calcium intake of pregnancy induced hypefensive mother was the lowest among three groups. While potassium and phosphorus concentrations in preterm colosalm were significantly lower than those of term milk(p < 0.05), iron contents of colostrum in preterm and PIH groups were significantly higher than term milk respectively(p < 0.07). The other minerals concentrations of colostrum produced by the preterm mothers tended to be lower than term milk. There were not significant relationships between maternal dietary intakes of minerals during pregnancy and the corresponding mineral levels of colostrum of three groups of mothers except that Pearson correlation coefficient showed positive significant relationships between the calcium intakes of PIH mothers and the colostrum milk calcium levels. These results suggest that preterm milk might be insufficient for the mineral nutrition of preterm infects in considering of the poor tissue storage of minerals and catch-up growth of preterm infects.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.137-151
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• 2013

This study is focused on element behaviors and mineral compositions of the fault rock developed in Yongdang-ri, Yangbuk-myeon, Gyeongju City, Korea, using XRF, ICP, XRD, and EPMA/BSE in order to better understand the chemical variations in fault rocks during the fault activity, with emphasis on dependence of chemical mobility on mineralogy across the fault zone. As one of the main components of the fault rocks, $SiO_2$ shows the highest content which ranges from 61.6 to 71.0%, and $Al_2O_3$ is also high as having the 10.8~15.8% range. Alkali elements such as $Na_2O$ and $K_2O$ are in the range of 0.22~4.63% and 2.02~4.89%, respectively, and $Fe_2O_3$ is 3.80~12.5%, indicating that there are significant variations within the fault rock. Based on the chemical characteristics in the fault rocks, it is evident that the fault gouge zone is depleted in $Na_2O$, $Al_2O_3$, $K_2O$, $SiO_2$, CaO, Ba and Sr, whereas enriched in $Fe_2O_3$, MgO, MnO, Zr, Hf and Rb relative to the fault breccia zone. Such chemical behaviors are closely related to the difference in the mineral compositions between breccia and gouge zones because the breccia zone consists of the rock-forming minerals including quartz and feldspar, whereas the gouge zone consists of abundant clay minerals such as illite and chlorite. The alteration of the primary minerals leading to the formation of the clay minerals in the fault zone was affected by the hydrothermal fluids involved in fault activity. Taking into account the fact that major, trace and rare earth elements were leached out from the precursor minerals, it is assumed that the element mobility was high during the first stage of the fault activity because the fracture zone is interpreted to have acted as a path of hydrothermal fluids. Moving toward the later stage of fault activity, the center of the fracture zone was transformed into the gouge zone during which the permeability in the fault zone gradually decreased with the formation of clay minerals. Consequently, elements were effectively constrained in the gouge zone mostly filled with authigenic minerals including clay minerals, characterized by the low element mobility.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.172-179
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• 2003

The safety of pufferfish (Lagocephalus gloveri) liver oil and the contents of some nutritional components were examined to obtain important information on their use as high valued functional foods. Pufferfish liver oil was extracted by the hot-water method using $1\%$ NaOH solution to remove toxic compounds, and then purified using a general purifying method of fish oil. Any extraordinary clinical symptoms were not observed from all groups administrated with pufferfish liver oil throughout the test period. None of the rats died when administrated the highest concentration of 10 mL/kg of the pufferfish liver oil. Vitamin A content was 114.2 ppm, as a retinal equivalent in the oil extracted using hot-water, but the content was higher (169.3 ppm) in oil extracted using n-hexane. Vitamin D and E were not detected in ppm in oil extracted using hot-water. Vitamin D in the pufferfish liver oil extracted using n-hexane was also undetected, but vitamin E was at 32.5 ppm. Among the 18 minerals detected, the sodium content was the highest at 253.5 ppm, followed by 13.9 ppm ofpotassium, 1.5 ppm of calcium, 0.2 ppm of magnesium, and other trace minerals. The contents of EPA and DHA were $0.8\%\;and\;14.8\%$, respectively, in the pufferfish liver oil extracted using hot-water. Considering these results, there is potential that pufferfish liver oil could be used as a functional food.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.197-200
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• 1983

This study is concerned with quality and analysis of nutritive value of commercially available honey and pollen load. Of thirteen kind of commercially available honeys, acid levels were less than KP IV standard. Color reaction for ammonia, resorcine and varium chloride was negative and trace of starch and dextrine was not detected. There were no extraneous materials in honey samples. Specific gravity of sample was slightly higher than KP IV standard. Total ash lied between 0.01 and 0.15% of honey weight which was less than KP IV standard, except 0.56% of Castanea Honey. Studies on mineral compositions (AAS) for honeys and pollen loads showed that $Na^+,\;K^+,\;Ca^{2+},\;Fe^{2+}\;Cu^{2+}\;and\;CO^{2+}$ were the most commonly occuring minerals. Pollen loads showed higher levels of mineral contents than honeys. Castanea Honey revealed rich in minerals. $Cd^{2+}\;and\;Pb^{2+}$ were found relatively higher level in Robinia Honey. Reducing sugar level showed $60{\sim}70$ in honeys and $25{\sim}30$ in pollen loads. Non reducing sugar varied between 2 to 7% in pollen loads.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.23
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• pp.5-39
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• 2002

The scientific analysis and provenance study of potteries excavated from kiln sites at Jeonla Nam. Buk-do were carried out using XRD,ICP-AES and NAA. We can summarize the following consequence. First, as a result of XRD analysis, it showed that soft potteries consist of quartz, feldspar and clay minerals while hard potteries consist of high temperature crystals such as mullite, tridymite, cristobalite. In case of firing temperature which are determined by crystals using XRD, potteries are composed of quartz, feldspar and clay minerals had very low firing temperature. While potteries having only cristobalite ranged above$1200^{\circ}C$. Second, as a result of correlation analysis using trace element, the selected characteristic elements which was able to distinguish from each kiln site was Ce, Lu, Cs, Sc, Eu. Third, discriminant analytical results showed that kiln site of the Jeonla Namdo were classified into five groups and that of the Jeolna Buk-do into three groups. This suggests that there are no correlations between the raw materials used in each kiln sites.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.213-232
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• 2021

Ore criteria at the Sheba Deposit indicate orogenic mineralization type. Rocks and mineral assemblages suggest low formation-temperature of green-schist facies. Pyrite found in two generations; Type1 is irregular grains, contains higher arsenic and gold contents, compared to the relatively younger phase Type2 pyrite, which is composed of euhedral grains, found adjacent to late quartz-carbonate veins or at rims of type1 pyrite. Two gold generations were identified; type1 found included in sulphides (mainly pyrite). The second gold type was remobilized (secondary) into free-lodes within silicates (mainly quartz). Gold fineness is high, as gold contains up to 95 wt. % Au, Ag up to 3.5 wt. %, and traces of Cu, Ni, and Fe. Pyrite type2 contains tiny mineral domains (rich in Al, Mn, Hg, Se, Ti, V, and Cr). Zoning, and replacement textures are common, suggesting multiple mineralization stages. The distribution and relationships of trace elements in pyrite type2 indicate three formation patterns: (1) Al, Mn, Hg, Se, Ti, V, Cr, and Sn are homogeneously distributed in pyrite, reflecting a synchronous formation. (2) As, Ni, Co, Zn, and Sb display heterogeneous distribution pattern in pyrite, which may indicate post-formation existence due to other activities. (3) Au and Ag show both distribution patterns within pyrite, suggesting that gold is found both in microscopic phases and as chemically bounded phase.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.579-584
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• 1999

The trace mineral status of cattle in the smallholder grazing areas of Sanyati and Chinamhora in Zimbabwe was evaluated during the rainy and dry seasons of 1994 and 1995. The evaluation was done in terms of mineral concentration in blood plasma. Plasma copper in calves, steers and cows in the dry season was; Sanyati: 0.55, 0.59, and 0.61; Chinamhora: 0.59, 0.58, and $0.60{\mu}g/ml$, respectively versus a normal of $0.65{\mu}g/ml$. In the rainy season, copper was deficient at both sites (averaging $0.56{\mu}g/ml$ and $0.59{\mu}g/ml$ at Sanyati and Chinamhora, respectively). Plasma selenium in the dry season was 0.017, 0.025, and $0.017{\mu}g/ml$ for calves, steers and cows, respectively at Sanyati versus a normal of $0.03{\mu}g/ml$ and therefore considered to be deficient. Iron, zinc and cobalt were found to be generally high and therefore unlikely to be deficient. Copper and selenium are recommended in salt licks in these environments.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.190-194
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• 2006

Silajit is a blackish brown pitch-like gummy substance. It is an important Unani and Ayurvedic medicine widely used in the treatment of many diseases and as nutritional supplement It is found in certain mountainous regions of Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, Nepal, Australia and Russia. Silajit samples of Pakistani origin were obtained from different sources and analyzed for their physical characteristics and biochemical & elemental composition. X-ray diffraction studies on Silajit showed that it is an amorphous substance and has no crystalline structure. Also, pH studies of Silajit (2 g/L of water) indicated that it was slightly acidic in nature and ranged from 3.45 to 7.23. Conductivity ranged from 157.7 to 330. Amino acid analysis revealed that Silajit contained lysine and alanine in higher amounts than all other amino acids and ranged from 1456 to 2240 and 68 to $1615{\eta}mole/g$, respectively. Mean concentration of arsenic, mercury, cadmium, lead, copper and zinc was 73.15, 104.92, 0.496, 3.89, 4.04 and 17.23 ppm, respectively. Silajit samples were also analyzed for calcium, potassium and sodium.