• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to estimate the mineral intakes and serum mineral levels of pregnant and lactating women. The subjects consisted of 34 non-pregnant, 56 pregnant and 20 lactating women. Nutrients intakes were investigated by the 24-hr recall method, and serum major and trace minerals were analyzed by the ICP-spectrometry. Calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) intakes were observed lower than RDA especially for both pregnant and lactating women. Iron (Fe) intake of pregnant women was $85 - 139\%$ RDA through Fe supplementation, and that of lactating women was lower than RDA. Compared with non-pregnant women, the pregnant women had similar Ca intake and higher magnesium (Mg) intake. Comparing with the non-pregnant women, serum Ca level in pregnancy was lower, and that of lactating women was not significantly different. Serum phosphorus and Mg levels were not significantly different among the groups. Serum Fe level of pregnant and lactating women was lower than that of the non-pregnant women. Serum Zn level of pregnant women was lower than those in the lactating and non-pregnant women. Serum copper level decreased as the pregnancy progressed. Serum sodium (Na) level was higher in 2nd- and 3rd trimester and potassium (K) level was higher in 3rd trimester and lactating period than other groups. Na/K ratio was not significantly different among the groups. During all periods, there was no correlation between dietary intakes and serum levels in each minerals. Serum Ca level positively corrleated with serum Mg level, especially in 3rd trimester and lactating women. In general, serum mineral levels in pregnancy were changed compared to the levels in non-pregnancy and restored in lactation to the levels for non-pregnancy.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.328-334
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to analyze proximate composition, dietary fiber, mineral content, fatty acid composition in Cheonggak (Codium fragile) in order to encourage the consumption of Cheonggak. The proximate composition of Cheonggak was found to be 5.51% moisture, 24.09% crude ash, 15.79% crude protein, 2.47% crude lipid and 45.31% dietary fiber. The major mineral content of Cheonggak was Na 8,950 mg/100 g, Mg 1,252 mg/100 g, Ca 807 mg/100 g, K 457 mg/100 g, and trace mineral content was Fe 26 mg/100 g, Mn 8 mg/100 g, Zn 0.4 mg/100 g. Palmitic acid 36.86% and ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid 20.14% were the most contained fatty acids in Cheonggak. The ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids was 85.49% while ${\omega}-6$ fatty acids to ${\omega}-3$ fatty acids were 59.10%. Based on the proximate composition, dietary fiber, mineral content, and fatty acid composition, Cheonggak was judged to be a major source of dietary fiber and Mg and Ca, and it was deemed to be helpful in promoting health, including the prevention of hyperlipidemia. Cheonggak contained valuable nutrients similar to seaweed, which is produced and consumed the most in Korea. Thus, it is necessary to include Cheonggak in the food items.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.11-23
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• 1990

Pyrophyllite, kaolinite, and alunite deposits distributing in Southwestern parts of Cheonnam are classified into three types of minerals assemblages by the results of X-ray diffraction analysis etc. The first mineral assemblages contains pyrophyllite, kaolinite, dickite, quartz, diaspore and/or corundum, the second one contains alunite inseads of corundum, and the third one contains alunite without pyrophyllite and diaspore. It is can be considered that the depoSits which consist mainly of pyrophyllite are formed higher temperature than the other deposits. Judging form the chemical analyses the chemical compositions of hydrothermal solutions acting to the deposits seem to be relatively simple. But the hydrothermal solutions which generated Dogcheon, Jugjcon, Ogmaesan, and Seongsan mine contain rather somewhat higher $K_2O$. The values of the Trace Elements and REE analysis of the host rocks of deposits suggest that the host rocks are these deposits are the last products of magmatic differentiation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.103-106
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• 1990

A balance study was conducted to determine the requirements of iron, copper, cobalt and manganese in crossbred calves. Six calves were fed milk average 10 percent of their body weight and were supplemented with 15 g mineral mixture daily. A balance trial was conducted at $2\frac{1}{2}$ months of age. The primary route of excretion was through digestive tract as 99.87, 80.99, 77.27 and 99.94 percent of Fe, Cu, Co and Mn were excreted through faeces. The requirements of Fe, Cu, Co and Mn were computed using the respective mineral balance data and were found to be 169.60, 7.20, 4.48 and 8.89 mg/kg respectively.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.247-256
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• 1996

Mineral commodities of metallic ore deposits related to Cretaceous granitoids in the Taebaegsan basin are distinguishable by rock types, diffferenciation index (D.I.) and chemical compositions. Deposits of Fe-Cu are related to granodiorite-quartz monzonite, those of Pb-Zn and W-Mo to granite-granodiorite and granite respectively. The ranges of D.I. of the granitoids are 39~71 for Fe-Cu deposits, 68~81 for Pb-Zn deposits, 78~89 for W-Mo deposits and 91~94 for Mn deposits. Major oxides of $K_2O$, CaO, MgO, FeO and $TiO_2$ and some trace elements and Rb/K, Sr/Ca and Cu/Fe also show distinguishable differences among the Cretaceous granitoids related to various mineral commodities of the ore depsits.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.11-26
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• 2006

Hair tissue mineral analysis is widely accepted for assessing essential and toxic elements which can give information about disease, metabolic disorder, nutritional imbalance, drug abuse, environmental exposure and so on. In Oriental Medicine, hair have been used as a diagnostic method which reflects the physiological and pathological status of body, especially kidney system(腎臟) and blood(血) like the quotations from Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑), 'hair belongs to kidney system(髮屬腎)' and 'hair is the remainder of blood(髮者血之餘)' Therefore we have suggested that HTMA have possibility to be utilized for screening and treatment for obesity, growth disorder, general deficiency syndrome(諸虛證), etc. in Oriental Medicine.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.100-101
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• 2004

Many researches in Korea have been performed to understand the pollution of stream waters by acid mine drainage. However, few studies have been conducted regarding the effect of particulate and colloidal fractions on the transport of trace metals. To estimate harmful effects of trace metals, it is important to evaluate the particulate and colloidal metals as well as dissolved metals, because particulate and colloidal fractions of trace metals play an important role in transport of trace metals and may adversely affect habitats and organisms in riverine system. Colloids are solids with effective diameters in size range from 0.001 $\mu$m to 1 $\mu$m. According to Jone et al. (1974), metals in surface water, like Al, Fe, and Mn, require filtration with pore-size membranes smaller than 0.45 $\mu$m to define dissolved concentrations. The main objective of this study is to understand the effects of particulate, colloidal, and truly dissolved fractions on the transport and fate of trace metals in acid mine drainage. This study was conducted for the Onjeong creek in the Uljin mine area. Sampling was carried out in 13 sites, spatially covering the area from mine dumps to the downstream Onjeong reservoir. To examine the metal partitioning between particulate, colloidal, and truly dissolved fraction, we used successive filtration techniques consisting of conventional method (using 0.45 $\mu$m membranes) and tangential-flow ultrafiltration (using 0.001 $\mu$mm membranes). Ultrafiltration may seperate much smaller particles from aqueous phase (Josephson, 1984; Hernandez and Stallard, 1988). The analysis of metals were performed by inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES: model Perkin Elmer OPTIMA3000XL). Anions such as SO$_4$, Cl and NO$_3$ were measured with ion chromatograph (IC: model Dionex 120). Sample analysis is still in progress. The preliminary data show that the studied creek is severely polluted by Al, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn. Toward upstream sites with relatively lower pH, less than 50% of Al and Fe occur in the sorbed form on particles or colloids, whereas more than 80% of Al and Fe occur in the sorbed form in downstream sites or tributaries with relatively higher pH. Less than 30% of Zn is present in particle or colloidal forms in the whole range of creek. Truly dissolved fraction of trace metals is negatively correlated with pH. The Kd values for Al, Fe and Zn consistently increase with increasing pH and decrease with increasing particle concentration.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.231-231
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• 2005

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.245-259
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• 1990

Petrochemical analyses of granitic rocks including trace element, REE and oxygen isotope were carried out to understand petrogenesis of plutonic rocks from the Chungju, Wolaksan and Jecheon granite batholiths, which might be related with tungsten-base metal-fluorite mineralization in the Hwanggangri metallogenic province. Different geochemical characteristics such as major and trace elements were found between Jurassic Daebo granitic rocks (Chungju, Jecheon, Wonju, and Boeun granitic rocks) and Cretaceous Bulgugsa granitic rocks (Wolaksan, Muamsa and Sokrisan granitic rocks). Cretaceous granitoids are characterized by high $SiO_2$and $K_2O$ contents and low $TiO_2$, $Al_2O_3$, MgO and CaO contents. They also have relatively high contents of trace elements(Zn, V, Co, Cr, Sr, and Ba) in comparison with the Jurassic granitoids. (Eu)/($Eu^*$) and $(La/Lu)_{CN}$ ratios of Jurassic plutons vary from 0.78 to 1.13 and from 26.02 to 30.5, respectively, while the ratios of Cretaceous ones range from 0.22 to 0.28 and from 4.42 to 14.2, respectively. The REE patterns of the Cretaceous and Jurassic granitic rocks have quite different Eu anomalies: large negative Eu anomaly in the former, and mild or absent Eu anomaly in the latter. The large Eu negative of Cretaceous granitic rocks are interpreted as a differentiated product of fractional crystallization of granitic magma deduced by Rayleigh fractionation model(Tsusue et al., 1987). Oxygen isotopic compositions of quartz for Daebo and Bulgugsa granitic rocks range from 9.98 to 10.51‰ and from 8.26 to 9.56‰, respectively. The Daebo granitic rocks enriched in $^{18}0$ suggest that the magma be undergone different partial melting processes from the Bulgugsa ones. Of the Bulgugsa granitoids, Wolaksan and Sokrisan mass have different contents of trace elements and ${\delta}\;^{18}0$ values of the silicate minerals, which indicate that they are not from the identical source of magma. Many mineral deposits are distributed in and/or near the Wolaksan and Muamsa granitic rocks, but a few mineral deposits are found in and near the Chungju and Jecheon granite batholiths. It might be depend on geochemisty of the related igneous rocks which have low contents of Ba, Sr, Co, V, Cr, Ni, Zn and high contents of Nb and Y, and on lithology of country rocks such as cabonate and noncarbonate rocks.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.80-93
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• 1993

Jido kaolin deposits developed in the rhyolitic tuff of Cretaceous are located in the western part of Sinan-gun, Jeonranam-do. Jido kaolin deposits is predominantly composed of pyrophyllite, kaolinite and illite. On the basis of mineral assemblage Jido kaolin deposits can be divided into three alteraion zone from the center of alteration to the margin; kaolinite, kaolinite-pyrophyillite and pyrophyillite zones. Discriminant analysis show that $Al_2O_3$, $K_2O$, $Na_2O$, CaO of major elements are discriminant elements classifying kaolinite, kaolinite-pyrophyllite and pyrophyllite zones, while in case of trace elements Cr, Ni, Sc, Zn, and Zr are discriminant elements. Kaolin deposits has been formed by the hydrothermal alterations of the volcano rocks such as rhyolitic tuff and lapilli tuff, in late cretaceous. On the basis of the results of X-ray diffraction analysis, the deposits can be classified into three types of minerals assemblages; kaolinite, kaolinite-pyrophyllite and pyrophyllite zones. All the assemblages contain quartz and muscovite, but the kaolinite zone contains kaolinite, illite and chlorite, the kaolinite-pyrophyllite zone contains kaolinite, pyrophyllite and the pyrophyllite zone contains illite and pyrite.