• Title/Summary/Keyword: Toxic gas

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Study on the Effect of Toxic Gas Filter Effect of Wet Towel during Fire (화재 시 젖은 수건의 유독가스 필터 효과에 관한 연구)

  • Sim, Jaeung;Cho, Nam-Wook
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.32 no.5
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    • pp.52-56
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    • 2018
  • The damage caused by fires is fatal as opposed to the damage caused by heat, and toxic gas generated by fires can be protected against by using a wet towel. In this study, we quantified the filtration effect of gas generated by an actual fire using a wet towel. In order to confirm the filtration effect of the wet towel on three harmful gases ($CO_2$, HCl, HCN), gases passed through a filter using FT-IR were analyzed in realtime. HCl and HCN, which are gases, were filtered by a wet towel, and the detection time of each gas was delayed. Therefore, it was confirmed that evacuation time can be secured by using a wet towel in the case of toxic gas, especially water-soluble gases in an actual fire.

A Study on Performance Shaping Factors of Human Error in Toxic Gas Facilities (독성가스시설의 인적오류 수행영향인자에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Youngran;Jang, Seo-Il;Shin, Dongil;Kim, Tae-Ok;Park, Kyoshik
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.68-75
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    • 2014
  • It is necessary to control and evaluate human factors to reduce economic loss by major accident in toxic gas facilities. Conventional works to evaluate hazards have been focused on mechanical and systematic failure, while only a little works have been studied on managing human errors. In this work, a classification system of performance shaping factor (PSF) was suggested to consist human error in managing accident in the toxic gas facilities. Four types of PSFs (human, system, task characteristics, and task environment) were collected, reviewed, and analyzed to be categorized selected according their characteristics of situational, task, and environmental parameters. The PSFs were further modified to set up PSF systems adequate to evaluate human error, and the proposed system to consist PSFs to evaluate human error was further studied through accident analysis in toxic gas facilities.

A Study on Applicability of API-581 and Methodology for Consequence Analysis in High-Pressure Toxic Gas Facilities (고압 독성가스시설에서 API-581 적용성 및 사고결과 분석방법에 관한 연구)

  • Jang, Seo-Il;Kim, Youngran;Park, Kyoshik;Shin, Dongil;Kim, Tae-Ok
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.76-85
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    • 2014
  • To establish the necessary safety technology in high-pressure toxic gas facilities, especially for the corrosion, which is the main causes of toxic gas accident, this study adopts and investigates the API-581 procedures developed by the American Petroleum Institute (API). And the applicability of the 8-step analytical procedures of consequence analysis in API-581 is discussed, and a method for consequence analysis in high-pressure toxic gas facilities is suggested. Based on the discussion and results, the analytical procedure is simplified as the 6 steps in total for the effective application to high-pressure toxic gas facilities: Step 1 (determination of representative material), Step 5 (determination of release type), Step 6 (determination of phase of fluid), and Step 8 (estimation of damage range) are not applied: Step 3 (estimation of total amount of release) is applied only for the inventory group concept; Step 4 (estimation of release rate) only for the gas release rate; and all of Step 2 (selection of release hole size) and Step 7 (evaluation of post-release response) are applied. In the proposed method, the generally applicable method of CCPS is adopted as alternative method for Steps 5 and 8.

Intelligent Decision System for Purging a Residual Gas inside Tubing in Semiconductor Process (반도체공정의 Tubing 내 잔여가스제거 지적결정시스템)

  • Lee, Sa-Hwan;Huh, Yong-Jeong;Choi, Seong-Joo;Lee, Jong-Rark
    • Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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    • v.5 no.4 s.17
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    • pp.23-27
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    • 2006
  • Semiconductor industry has been dramatically developed with the information era of 21C, and the trend now is to consider that the technology of management system of the computer utility that has a high efficiency is important. This study investigated the intelligent decision system for residual gas purge process to effectively remove the residual gas in the tube after replacing the cylinder that is used for the gas cabinet or BSGS(Bulk Specialty Gas Supply System) of the semiconductor process. It was suggest from this study that it is possible to decide the type, frequency and volume of purge gas using various toxic gases which is necessary for each process. Also, this result will be utilized for operating the system, increasing the efficiency of management and saving energy.

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Sensing properties of ZnO thin films fabricated by RF sputtering method for toxic gas (RF sputtering 방법을 이용하여 제작한 ZnO 박막의 유독성 가스에 대한 반응 특성 연구)

  • Hwang, Hyun-Suk;Kang, Hyun-Il;Song, Joon-Tae
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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    • 2009.06a
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    • pp.247-247
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    • 2009
  • In this work, Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) thin films for toxic gas sensor application were deposited on low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) substrates, by RF magnetron sputtering method. LTCC is one of promising materials for integration with heater, low cost production and high manufacturing yields than silicon substrate. The LTCC substrates with thickness of $400\;{\mu}m$ were fabricated by laminating 12 greentapes which consist of alumina and glass particle in an organic binder. The GZO thin films deposited on the substrates and were analyzed by X-ray diffraction method (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The films are well crystallized in the hexagonal (wurzite) structure with increasing thickness. The fabricated sensors showed good sensitivity and fast response time to common types of toxic gases (NOx, COx).

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Review on Toxic Substances in the Liquid and Gas Phases of Electronic Cigarettes (전자담배 액상 및 기체상 중 유해물질 고찰)

  • Shin, Ho-Sang
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.39 no.6
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    • pp.483-491
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    • 2013
  • Objectives: Electronic cigarettes are battery powered devices that convert a nicotine-containing liquid into an inhalable vapor. The device aerosolizes nicotine so that it is readily entrained into the respiratory tract, from where it enters the bloodstream. Information on the safety of E-cigarettes is required. Methods: Seventeen articles on studies analyzing toxic substances in the liquid and gas phases of electronic cigarettes were reviewed. Results: Tobacco-specific nitrosamines, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, known to be carcinogenic agents in humans or animals, were detected in the liquid and gas phases. In addition, diethyl phthalate, acetone, ethanol, cresol, xylene, propylene, styrene, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, pentaethylene glycol cis-3-hexen-1-ol, methyl cinnamate and undecane were identified in the liquid and gas phases of E-cigarettes. Propylene glycol, glycerin, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1-hydroxy-2- propanone, acetic acid, 1-menthone, 2,3-butanediol, menthol, carvone, maple lactone, benzyl alcohol, 2-methyl-2-pentanoic acid, ethyl mantel, ethyl cinnamate, myosamine, benzoic acid, 2,3-bipyridine, cotinine, hexadecanoic acid, and 1'1-oxybis-2-propanol were detected in the vapors of E-cigarettes. Conclusion: The hazardous compounds identified in the liquid and gas phases of E-cigarettes should be controlled for the lowest concentrations in the raw materials and production procedures.

A Numerical Study of Building Orientation Effects on Evacuation Standard in Case of Toxic Gas Leakage (독성 가스 누출 시 건물 방향이 대피 기준에 미치는 영향에 관한 수치 해석 연구)

  • Seungbum Jo
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.12-18
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    • 2023
  • The effective evacuation strategy according to the accident scenario is crucial to minimize human casualties in the event of toxic gas leak accidents. In this study, the effect of the direction of a building and the location of an industrial complex on the increase in indoor concentration and outdoor diffusion was examined under the same leakage conditions, and effective evacuation criteria were established. In addition, the guidelines for building directions were suggested when constructing buildings that would mitigate human damage caused by chemical accidents. Three scenarios where buildings faced the front, side, and rear of the leakage direction were investigated through CFD simulations. The results revealed that when the building faced the industrial complex, both indoor and outdoor average gas concentrations increased significantly, reaching up to 120 times higher than the other two orientations. Moreover, the indoor space was filled with toxic gas substances more than twice in the same time due to the rapid increase of indoor concentration rate. In cases where the building's windows were positioned at the front, toxic gas stagnation occurred around the building due to pressure differences and reduced flow velocities. Based on our findings, the implementation of these guidelines will contribute to safeguarding residents by minimizing exposure to toxic gas during chemical accidents.

A Study on the Quantitative Process Facility Standards that Require H2S Toxic Gas Detectors and Location Selection for Emergency Safety (H2S 독성가스감지기가 필요한 정량적 공정설비 기준 및 비상시 안전을 위한 위치선정 방안에 대한 연구)

  • Choi, Jae-Young;Kwon, Jung-Hwan
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.90-96
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    • 2018
  • Design techniques for minimizing the damage caused by leakage of $H_2S$ gas, contained in natural gas and petroleum, have been widely studied abroad in chemical plants that purify and process natural gas and petroleum. However, there is no domestic engineering practice and regulation of $H_2S$. In accordance with the circumstances, this study proposes the quantitative criteria of process equipment to install $H_2S$ toxic gas detector as 500 ppm and explains the valid basis. The $H_2S$ gas dispersion radius up to IDLH 100 ppm is calculated by ALOHA under previous $H_2S$ gas leak accident scenario. The weather conditions of modeling include the conditions of Ulsan, Yeosu and Daesan, the three major petrochemical complexes in Korea. The long radius up to 100 ppm was derived in order of Ulsan, Daesan, Yeosu. For emergency safety the dispersion radius up to 100 ppm of the $H_2S$ gas obtained in this study should be extended to apply the additional $H_2S$ toxic gas detector, and local climate conditions should be considered.