• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.555-558
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• 2008

For trying to frontal attack of new solution by fusion of technical tasks and conditions with it's solving methods of the essential tasks of marine resource development and environmental conservation in addition with elements of electronic high-technologies, the skimmer robot was proposed by using of oil spill disaster prevention and its disposal system with sequentially circular collection type of magnetic oil spill adsorbent powder and fabrics on the electronic barge robot for the scheme of sustainable development of environment-friendly technology. It was verified from the experiment of electronic barge robot demonstrator that the skimmer system of magnetic oil spill adsorbent powder and fabrics was very effective and useful technique to collect oil spill samples. At this point, the barge-based electronic remote control was very useful system operating easily on the marine fields to skim oil spill with dangerous toxic substances of crude oil and very harmful to human. Therefore, fusion technology proposed in this study combined with electronic and marine technology is the novel contributable technology for developing marine environmental conservation and environment-friendly disaster prevention, and also its management techniques.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.67 no.3
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• pp.249-253
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• 2009

On 7 December 2007, the Hebei Spirit ran aground near Taean and released approximately 10,900 tons of oil into the sea. Crude oil on the coastal areas and fumes in the air increased the number of health problems among the local population. We report a case of respiratory failure after the oil spill clean-up work. A 66-year-old female was admitted to hospital with cough, sputum, and dyspnea of 1-month duration after the oil spill clean-up. She was diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia and treated with empirical antibiotics. However, she had progressive respiratory failure without identification of the pathogen. Respiratory failure due to chronic inhalation of hydrocarbons from the crude oil spill clean-up was suspected. After mechanical ventilation care, she recovered from respiratory failure and was discharged. We report a case of severe respiratory toxic effects after an oil spill clean-up. We concluded that long-term hydrocarbon inhalation during the oil spill clean-up may have induced respiratory failure in this case.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.389-397
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• 2010

The in vitro toxicities of three crude oils of the Hebei Spirit were examined on laboratory grown plankton, with a focus on the effects of a dispersant. The specific growth rate of phytoplankton and the mortalities of two zooplankton were measured in response to exposure to various concentrations of water accommodated oil, dispersant or both. The effects of the oils varied among the plankton, but were generally low within the range of the oil concentrations used, with little difference in toxicity among the three oils. Such low toxicity appeared to be associated with weathering of the crude oils. Exposure to the dispersant, however, dramatically increased the mortality of zooplankton, with complete inhibition of phytoplankton growth. No synergistic toxic effect was observed with the crude oil and dispersant combination. A better decision making process could be crafted for future application of dispersant in the event of an oil spill in Korean waters to better protect the marine plankton community from the excessive use of dispersant.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.54-62
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• 2003

This paper surveys a number of remotely operated recovery techniques and their recent applications in the removal of the toxic liquid from sunken ships, and suggests the appropriate recovery technique for our ocean environment, especially, in view of its cost and efficiency. Authors also give the technical requirements for the suggested remotely operated recovery system and the basic design result which is well-matched with such requirements.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of oil dispersant and ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the toxicity of crude oil. The toxicity of water-accommodated fraction (WAF) and chemically enhanced water-accommodated fraction (CEWAF) of Hebei Spirit crude oil was investigated in the embryo of the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum with- and without ultraviolet radiation. The WAF and CEWAF with- and without UV radiation affected significantly the embryonic development of R. philippinarum. The EC50s of WAF without UV, WAF with UV, CEWAF without UV, and CEWAF with UV were 2.82, 0.79, 1.60, and 0.45 g/L, respectively. CEWAF was 1.6 times more toxic than WAF. UV radiation increased crude oil toxicity to 3.6 times for both WAF and CEWAF. The oil dispersant and UV radiation did not affect the acute toxicity to the embryo but retarded the period of embryonic development up to 26%. R. philippinarum proved to be a sensitive species to reflect the toxic effects of oil spill combined with oil dispersant and UV radiation. It is suggested that the chemical analyses on the WAF and CEWAF is important for the identification and quantitative explanation of the phototoxic compounds in crude oil.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.70-79
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• 2013

Since crude oil contains various pollutants including heavy metals, the environmental impact should be assessed for heavy metals as well as oil itself. In order to estimate the extent of heavy metal contamination, surface sediments were collected at the intertidal and coastal zone around the Herbei sprit oil spill area during December 2007 and January 2008. Organic carbon, sulfur and heavy metals were determined to assess heavy metal contamination in sediments. The crude oils contained C, S, V and Ni, but little toxic metals such as As, Cd, etc. From organic carbon content, the highest contaminated site was estimated that oils contributed to sediments up to 10%, and this site showed high V concentration. Potentially contaminated sediments by crude oil could be differentiated from unaffected sediments through V/Al and Ni/Al ratios, which can be used as indicators of oil contamination even after the oils were fully degraded.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.623-631
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• 2021

The increased transport of marine hazardous and noxious substances (HNS) has resulted in frequent HNS spill accidents domestically and internationally. There are about 6,000 species of HNS internationally, and most of them have toxic properties. When an accidental HNS spill occurs, it can destroys the marine ecosystem and can damage life and property due to explosion and fire. Constructing a spectral library of HNS according to wavelength and developing a detection algorithm would help prepare for accidents. In this study, a ground HNS spill experiment was conducted in France. The toluene spectrum was determined through hyperspectral sensor measurements. HNS present in the hyperspectral images were detected by applying the spectral mixture algorithm. Preprocessing principal component analysis (PCA) removed noise and performed dimensional compression. The endmember spectra of toluene and seawater were extracted through the N-FINDR technique. By calculating the abundance fraction of toluene and seawater based on the spectrum, the detection accuracy of HNS in all pixels was presented as a probability. The probability was compared with radiance images at a wavelength of 418.15 nm to select abundance fractions with maximum detection accuracy. The accuracy exceeded 99% at a ratio of approximately 42%. Response to marine spills of HNS are presently impeded by the restricted access to the site because of high risk of exposure to toxic compounds. The present experimental and detection results could help estimate the area of contamination with HNS based on hyperspectral remote sensing.

• Water for future
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.57-70
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• 1995

A water quality model RIV-LAGI for the toxic pollutant transport analysis is developed based on varied flow analysis and one-dimensional Lagrangian method. Applying to the prismatic channel, it shows accurate results compared with the analytical solutions. The model is applied to the Nakdong River to analyze the phenol spill accident, which occurred on March, 1991. The computed results have good agreements with the observed data. The travel times in the reach of Gumi to Mulkeum based on the monthly average and minimum flow are computed. The suggested model can be used to study the impact of the chemical spills and clean-up plans in the Nakdong River.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.61-65
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• 2012

Once oil has spilled, oil spill responders use a variety of countermeasures to reduce the adverse effects of spilled oil on the environment. Mechanical methods of containment and recovery are preferred as the first response when the use of other methods fail or are ineffective. In these cases, the application of oil dispersants shall be use only as a last resort. While effectiveness of dispersants in removing oil form the sea surface is proven, the use of dispersants is controlled in almost all countries due to the toxicity of their active agents and the dispersed oil on the marine environment. However, according to reports, after dispersant application, no significant toxicity to fish or shrimp was observed in the field-collected samples. Moreover, the results also indicate that dispersant-oil mixtures are generally no more toxic to the aquatic test species than oil alone. During the Deepwater Horizon Incident, dispersants were applied to floating oil and injected into the oil plume at depth. These decisions were carefully considered by state and federal agencies, as well as BP, to prevent as much oil as possible from reaching sensitive shoreline habitats. Net Environmental Benefit Analysis for dispersant use assumed that dispersants appear to prevent long-term contamination resulting absence of oil in the substrate and will benefit marine wildlife by decreasing the risk of significant contamination to feathers or fur. Further study to use dispersants with scientific baseline is needed for our maritime environment which consistently threaten huge oil spill incidents occurrence.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.spc
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• pp.37-43
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• 2022

Post-spill monitoring of hazardous noxious substances accidents is essential in the event of a spillage of significant quantities of pollutants and for the management of the marine environment resulting from the long-term effects of the persistent toxic substances. The accidental introduction of a sinker into the marine environment can create harmful anaerobic conditions in the benthic ecosystem and spread over the seafloor by the topography and currents. Through case studies, most post-spill monitoring includes modeling, remote sensing, and chemical analyses of the sediment and benthic organisms. The monitoring also evaluates the effectiveness of restoration and recovery activities and assesses damages and compensation.