• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.112-122
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of diaper dermatitis (DD), knowledge of DD prevention and treatment, and diaper hygiene practices among mothers with diaper-wearing children. Methods: The participants were 176 mothers who presented to an outpatient clinic at a children's hospital with diaper-wearing children. Data were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire. Results: The percent of correct answer for knowledge about DD was 59.7%. Almost half of the participants' children had experienced at least 1 episode of DD during the last 6 months. Inappropriate diaper hygiene practices, such as using talcum powder on DD and rubbing with a dry towel after cleansing, were reported. Moreover, only 37% of mothers used the recommended skin barrier to prevent DD. Although many children suffer from DD, levels of educational experience and perceived need for education on this topic were low. Almost 70% of mothers obtained DD-related information through internet sites. Conclusion: Educating parents about the etiology of DD and evidence-based diaper hygiene practices is an important aspect of effective DD prevention and treatment. Internet sites or smartphone apps may be effective methods for education on DD prevention and treatment considering parents' preferences for ways to obtain health information.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.53-59
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• 2022

Objectives : Cleanser is the most basic tools used in daily skin care. I made a cold process soap using Castanea crenata inner shell (CCIS). I'd like to study the effect of face wash using CCIS cold process (CP) soap on the skin. Methods : The same water and towel were used at the same place in order to examine the skin change state immediately before and after washing face. The skin test was performed before and after 10 minutes washing the face in order to remove these external environmental factors, such as lifestyle, alcohol, tobacco, and stress etc. As a control group, the cases of washing with water and foam cleanser (F/C), which is a popular commercial product, were set. Three cases were compared and analyzed. Results : In the case of water washing, there was a significant decrease in oil (U-zone) but that was not good effect. In the case of F/C and CCIS washing, there were significant decrease in oil (T-zone), pores and pigmentation, but the significance was bigger in CCIS washing. In the case of pores, there was a significant decrease in all three cases. Conclusion : In the case of F/C and CCIS washing, it showed the effect of reducing T-zone oil, pores and pigmentation. But the significance was greater in CCIS case than in F/C case. CCIS cp soap is considered as a form of face wash that is suitable for skin care.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.11-18
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• 2023

Objectives : This study aimed to investigate the effect of face washing on pore changes in a controlled environment without external condition changes. The research compared the results of water washing, foam cleanser (F/C) washing, and herb cp (cold process) soap washing on pore reduction. Methods : The experiment was conducted using the same water and towel, in the same place, before and 10 minutes after washing. The skin test was performed before and after washing, and three cases of herb cp soap were tested: Ginseng, Liriope platyphylla (LP), and Castanea crenata inner shell (CCIS). A control group was established using water and F/C washing. Results : Water washing and F/C washing showed a similar degree of pore reduction. Men and individuals with complex skin types showed significantly larger pores. LP cp soap showed the greatest significance in pore reduction. Conclusion : This study found that pore shrinking effects were observed regardless of the use of facial cleansers. LP cp soap was found to be the most effective in reducing pore size. It is important to emphasize the importance of face washing for individuals with large pores and combination skin types, especially men.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.78-83
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the intrinsic foot muscle training method can improve the medial longitudinal arch in patients with chronic ankle injury and with pronated feet, as well as to investigate for the most effective exercise method for these patients. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Thirty men and women with pronated feet had participated in this study and were allocated to either the short foot exercise group (SFEG) or the towel curl exercise group (TCEG) randomly. SFEG and TCEG underwent exercises three times a week for 8 weeks, with three sets per day, totalling up to 5 minutes per day. The navicular drop test (NDT) was used in order to assess for changes in the medial longitudinal arch and the Cumberland ankle instability tool (CAIT) was used to assess for ankle instability of the chronic ankle sprain patients. Results: There was a significant increase in CAIT scores in the SFEG (p<0.05) and a significant difference between groups was presented (p<0.05). The NDT scores were significantly decreased in both groups (p<0.05). In the SFEG, the NDT scores were more decreased than in the TCEG (p<0.05). Conclusions: These results suggest that short foot exercises are more effective in providing intrinsic foot muscle training for patients with pronated feet among chronic ankle sprain patients. Furthermore, short foot exercises may be used to provide ankle stability.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.37-47
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• 1999

In the 17th century, Europe had changed from medieval feudalistic ages into an absolute monarchy taking Catholicism and absolute monarchism together. On the other hand, Holland achieved prosperity in economy, culture, and arts through gradual enlightment of the people by winning independence from Spain, and religious reformation. The culture dress and its ornaments at the time was led by the governing class such as royal families and its aristocracy in Europe, while Holland, united republic country at the time, brought civil costume nationwide wholly by civil class and its effect to other neighboring countries in Europe. In addition, the origin of modern dress and its ornaments dates back to that time. Moreover, civil-looking dutch paintings found its sources in routine daily life and became realistic. With this respect, in this research, we put our purpose of the research in making a better and more understanding of the modern costume and its ornaments and exploring the spirit of human beings by analyzing dutch civil costumes shown in these artistic works. It is very important that this research is rather renovational comparing with prior ones focused on those of ruling classes. As a result of the research, the distinguished parts of the civil costumes appeares as following beauties. First, functional beauty was respected such as natural waist line, peplum, gather of the skirt and sleeve, apron, head towel were some of the examples to those in their costumes and its ornaments. Second, with respect to humanity under rough natural surroundings and long struggle with outside tribes, humanity of costume was brought by optimistic and even free mind to them. The three quater sleeve showed wrist and deep-cut decollete in their dress and ornaments. Third, with respect to simplicity, religious effect on the leading civil class demanding self-abstinence, frugality, and thrift in their way of life resulted in black-tone simple costumes with white collar in their costumes and its ornaments.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.5-16
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to identify the handwashing knowledge and attitudes of resistered nurses on general wards. Subjects for this study include 182 nurses working in general wards of a hospital in Seoul area. Data were collected by a questionnaire from July 30 to August 10,1996. Statistical analyses were done by the SPSS/PC program. The techniques used in this sudy included frequencies, chi-square test. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. 34.6% of the respondents reported that they washed their hand an average of 5 to 7 times during the work day. 2. 38.5% of the respondents reported always washing after each patient contact. Only 9.9% always washed before contact with a patient. 3. 56.6% of the respondents reported a washing time of 10 to 20 seconds, whereas 29.1% washed 21 to 30 seconds. Chi-square tests were employed to determine any differences in handwashing frequency and duration by age, working years, work position. There were no satistically significant differences among the variables. 4. 95.6% of the subjects used water and plain soap during the washing process. The respondents washed the palms of the hands, the backs of their hands and between their fingers(33%). Only 17.6% removed rings before handwashing. Similarly, 11% removed their wristwatch. The majority(96.2%) reported that they used communal textile towel to dry their hands. When asked what method they used to turn off the water faucet after washing, 98.4% reported using direct hand-to-faucet contact. 5. Nursing activities that showed the highest handwashing rates was after wound dressing(22.9%), followed by suctioning(21.4%), injection(21.2%), inserting catheter(18%). 6. Reasons cited for reduced handwashing frequency included being too busy to wash more often(74.7%), no need to wash more often(11.0%) and dry skin caused by frequent handwashing(3.3%). 7. When asked where they obtained their current knowledge of handwashing techniques, they reported professors(73.6%), resisted nurses(14.8%) and supervisor(6.6%). 8. Nursing staff thought that proper handwashing was important factor in decreasing nosocomical infections(72.4%).

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.386-392
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• 2009

This study was undertaken to compare the performance of three dust samplers for collecting cotton dust fibers. For this study, three dust samplers including Vertical Elutriator (VE), Total Dust Method (TDM) using 37 mm cassette, and the Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM) sampler were selected. A total of 6 cotton mills and 4 towel factories were investigated. When measured by VE, the GM for cotton dust was 0.19 $mg/m^3$ which was less than the current occupational exposure limit (OEL) 0.2 $mg/m^3$. But when measured by TDM and IOM at the same locations, the GMs were 0.37 and 0.63 $mg/m^3$, respectively. In Korea, most industrial hygienists have used the TDM for cotton dust measurements and the results were compared with either the TLV for cotton dust or the PNOC (particulates not otherwise classified) of 10 $mg/m^3$ for making decisions. The results of this study clearly showed that past cotton dust measurements and decisions made with such results were not correct. It needs to be noticed the related contents by using VE if it applies to the exposure limit, 0.2 $mg/m^3$, and needs to be revised the exposure limit by IOM. Also, if TDM is used, it requires to be studied and suggested to the new OEL.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.427-435
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• 2018

There was a shortage of research reports on sterilization criterion and contamination of ultrasonic probes. Therefore, in this study, we were going to provide a basic study to measure the level of microbial contamination in ultrasonic probes and to investigate the radiographer's awareness of infection. After the scan, samples were collected from the rubber part of the probe by opening a sterile swab (Transport Medium AM608-1S) for medical bacteria collection with the remaining gel removed with a paper towel. Also, the collected samples of bacteria were grown for seven days and then the laboratory was analyzed. Among the total 29 types of microorganisms, Micrococcus luteus 21(26%), Moraxella species 16(20%), Coagulase negative staphylococcus 8(10%), Bacillus species 5(7%), Bicillus circulans 3(5%), Acinetobacter lwoffii 2(2%), and 1 other Candida parapsilosis (1%) a number of bacteria and fungus, was detected. In a disinfectant experiment using LuciPac Pen on the Lumitester PD-30s, we cultured the rubber part of the probe two to three times to measure the bacteria. Bacteria decreased to 97% with Aquanax (alkaline reduced water 100%), 99% with Klarion wash (0.01% sodium hydroxide), 94% with Klarion disinfection (0.01% nitrous acid water), Sterilization was best with Klarion wash (0.01% sodium hydroxide). Therefore, guidelines for cleaning and disinfection of ultrasonic probes was required, and further development of probe-only disinfectants is required.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.411-417
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• 1979

During the period of 4 years from August 1, 1975 to August 1, 1979, authors have experienced 100 cases of multiple rib fractures by nonpenetrating injury at Department of Thoracic Surgery, Paik Foundation Hospital in Seoul, Korea. 1. The ratio of male to female patients with multiple rib fracture was 2.6:1 with male predominance and 84% of the total cases were between 20 and 50 years of age. 2. The most common cause of multiple rib fracture was traffic accident and falls accounted for the next largest group. 3. The most common site of rib fracture was 4th rib to 7th rib level on both hemithorax [52%]. 4. Associated injuries were cerebral contusion in 26%, clavicular fracture in 22%, long bone fracture in 22%, pelvic bone fracture in 10%, and scapular fracture in 8%. 5. Early complications and/or result of the multiple rib fractures were lung contusion in 23 cases, subcutaneous emphysema in 21 cases, hemothorax in 21 cases, hemopneumothorax in 6 cases, and flail chest in 12 cases. 6. The flail chests were managed by strapping the chest with adhesive plaster, external traction of flail segment with towel clip, ventilatory assistance for marginal clinical indications, and in cases of complicated with intrathoracic hemorrhage, wire fixation of flail segment through open thoraco-tomy. 7. The principles of therapy for hemothorax and/or pneumothorax were rapid reexpansion of the lungs by thoracentesis [11%] and closed thoracostomy [22%], but open thoracotomy had to be done on 3 cases because of massive bleeding or intrapleural hematoma and diaphragmatic rupture. 8. The over all mortality was 4% [4 among 100 cases] and the cause of all deaths was head injury.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.145-149
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• 1987

The technique of radial artery cannulation and its complications are well documented, but serious complications are rare. This is a report of one case of amputation of wrist due to finger necrosis developed from the radial artery cannulation in patient who had craniectomy surgery. This 52-year-old 70kg male underwent subdural hematoma removal surgery. Right radial artery cannulation was carried out percutaneously using 22 gauge Teflon extracath needle after modified Allen's test appeared to be positive. It was intermittently flushed by heparinized solution. His arterial blood pressure was maintained 100/70 - 110/80mmHg and 5 units of banked whole blood and 1 unit of fresh frozen plasma were transfused during 8-hours operation. Cannula was removed on the 9th hour after operation because that was obstructed. On the 12th hour after removal of cannula, his right hand noted to be cool and cyanotic. So, warm towel and hot bag applied continuonsly on the right hand and the right stellate ganglion block was carried out everyday for 4 times. However, on the 10th day after removal of cannula, necrotic change of all fingers of the right hand became worse and skin of fingers were shrunken. Therefore, disarticulation of the right wrist carried out on the 71th day of his hospitalization.