• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.479-483
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• 1994

The effects of the different protein source on serum cholesterol levels were studied in SD strain male rats. Fish protein prepared by the method of SUZUKI from Alaska Pollack (Theragra chalcogramma) was compared with casein and soybean protein isolate. Each protein source was incoporated into a cholesterol-free diet in order to provide a protein level of 20% for 2 weeks. The result obtained are as followed: Concentration of total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, total-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride in rats fed with fish protein group were significantly lower than those of rats fed with casein and similar to those of rats fed with soybean protein. In addition, it was shown that the ratio of Lys/Arg and Gly/Met+Cys of fish protein was close to that of soybean protein.

• Proceeding of EDISON Challenge
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• 2014.03a
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• pp.103-113
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• 2014

Hydrophobicity is the key concept to understand the role of water in protein folding, protein self-assembly, and protein-ligand interaction. Conventionally, hydrophobicity of amino acids in a protein has been argued based on hydrophobicity scales determined for individual free amino acids, assuming that those scales are unaltered when amino acids are embedded in a protein. Here, we investigate how the hydrophobicity of constituent amino acids depends on the protein context, in particular, on the total charge and secondary structures of a protein. To this end, we compute and analyze the hydration free energy - free energy change upon hydration quantifying the hydrophobicity - of three short proteins based on the integral-equation theory of liquids. We find that the hydration free energy of charged amino acids is significantly affected by the protein total charge and exhibits contrasting behavior depending on the protein net charge being positive or negative. We also observe that amino acids in the central ${\beta}$-strand sandwiched by ${\beta}$-sheets display more enhanced hydrophobicity than free amino acids, whereas those in the ${\alpha}$-helix do not clearly show such a tendency. Our results provide novel insights into the hydrophobicity of amino acids, and will be valuable for rationalizing and predicting the strength of water-mediated interaction involved in the biological activity of proteins.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.91-98
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• 1989

The effects of the serum total protein and immunoglobulin levels of the colostrumconferred Korean native calves at 2 days of age on the disease incidence during the suckling period were studied. The results obtained were summerized as follows: 1. Serum total protein, total immunoglobulin, IgG, and IgM levels of 6 Korean native claves died from septicemia were lower than those of calves survived (p<0.05). 2. Korean native calves having low serum total protein and immunoglobulins were affected with diarrhea earlier in life, when compared with calves having high serum levels (p<0.05). 3. Korea native calves having low serum total protein were affected with bronchopneumonia earlier in life, when compared with calves having high serum levels (p<0.05). 4. Korean native calves having low serum neutralizing antibody titers to bovine viral diarrhea virus had high incidence rate of BVD, when compared with calves having high serum neutralizing antibody titers (p<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.34 no.3 s.134
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• pp.263-268
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• 2003

This study was carried out to evaluate the change of blood constituents during the growth of antlers in Korean spotted deer (Cervus nippon). Samples of blood, obtained from the jugular vein of twenty five deer (3 to 6 year-old males) were taken in 10 days interval from casting to cutting of antler and were analyzed the blood parameters. Total-protein concentration in blood serum showed significantly differences during growth period of velvet antler (p<0.01), and it had similar tendency for total protein and albumin concentration, but albumin concentration was about 40-45% of total protein concentration. Urea and creatinine concentration was tended to inverse proportion, and it was almost 30:1 for ratio of urea and creatinine concentration. The concentration of total protein, creatinine, and uric acid concentration in blood during growth period of velvet antler was similarly increased and decreased but urea concentration was opposed. The concentration of total-bilirubin and direct-bilirubin at casting was higher than those at other period(P<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.73-78
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate total protein, DNA, and RNA content in corpus luteum(CL) without and with central cavity in dairy cow. Stage of the estrous cycle of corpus luteum from slaughterhouse(CL3, days 11 to 17) was classified by method of Ireland et. al.(1980). Corpus luteum was classified into corpus luteum without(less than 2mm in diameter) and with central cavity(more than 2mm in diameter) by method of Kastelic et. al.(1990). 1 In total protein content, CL with central cavity did not differ from CL without central cavity. 2. In DNA content, CL with central cavity was significantly lower than CL without central cavity(p＜0.05). 3. In protein: DNA ratios, CL with central cavity was significantly lower than CL without central cavity(p＜0.05). 4. But in RNA content, protein:RNA and RNA:DNA ratios, CL with central cavity did not differ from CL without central cavity.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.74-81
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• 2006

The present study examined the effect of soy isoflavones on lipid metabolism in growing female rats. Rats were randomly assigned to three different groups and provided experimental diets for 9 weeks. The experimental groups were classified into 1) a control group, 2) a soy protein isolate group: soy (+)) group and 3) a soy protein concentration group: soy (-)) group. Diets contained either casein or one of two soy proteins with (soy (+)) or without isoflavones (soy (-)). Serum triglyceride concentration showed no significant differences among the experimental groups. Serum total cholesterol concentration was significantly lower in both the soy (+) and soy (-) groups than in the control group and LDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly lower in the soy (+). Serum HDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly higher in the control group than in the soy protein groups but the HDL-cholesterol share rate in total cholesterol tended to be lower in the control group than in the soy protein groups, insignificant as it was. Hepatic IDL receptor mRNA level was significantly increased in the soy (+) group when compared to the other two groups to be 20% higher than the control group. In conclusion, soy protein isolate, soy protein rich with isoflavones reduced serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentration and increased hepatic IDL receptor mRNA expression in growing female rats. Therefore, it is considered that the intake of soy isoflvones during puberty can be advantageous in terms of the long-tenn control of serum lipid.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.28-32
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• 1965

It is well known that many kinds of chemical or metalic agent which were ionized or undissociated at toxified external medium and remarkable effect occurred to the fresh water fish. The effects of hydrogen ion concentration on serum protein of fresh water fish, (phycephalus argus CANTOR) had not been reported yet. In this point, authors attempted to study the changes of A/G ratio, total protein, hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC , liver and kidney weight of snake head in the above environment. 95 snake heads were subjected to external medium with PH-4.5 and A/G ratio, hematocrit, hemoglobin, total protein, RBC, and liver & kidney weight were measured at 32.80, 15202000 and 272 hours respectively. In whole experimental period, L 1 and L2 globulin increased, on the other, albumin decreased as compare with control . Hence, the A/G ratio decreased remarkably . Though, total protein increased prominently through the whole experimental period, hematocrit, hemoglobin, RBC, increased only at 80 hours, and then decreased as compared to the control. Liver weight revealed distinctive increase at 80 hours, but no remarkable change could be seen there after. Hence, kidney weight revealed continuous rise. By these results, it may be said that as snake head were subjected to external medium with PH-4.5, this environmental factor influenced protein metabolism , blood component and organs.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.13-18
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• 1967

1. Within experimental chromatin, the total protein: DNA ratio did not vary in the same organs of control and irradiated rats. However, the amount of RNA and total protein associated with the DNA varied considerably among the different types of chromatin. In particular, the content of chromatin was the control tissue. RNA and total protein ratio of chromatins from brtain, liver, testis and spleen declined with experimental I organs. 2. There was the same quantitative relationship between the amount of RNA and the amount of histone-protein associated with DNA in chromatin. 3. RNA: DNA ratio of chromatin showed 1.5-2 times increas in the irradiated organs except brain. However, RNA: DNA ratio was decreased in chromatin by irradiation. 4. Histone-protein:residual protein ratio was greatly varied among the organs. However, the effect was not found by irradiation. 5. Priming activity of chromatin showed a higher value in testis and the activity was greater in organs with higher metabolic activity: 6. Inhibition of Actinomycin D is observable in chromatin from testis, liver, spleen and brain declined without relationship between irradiated and non-irradiated conditions. Ammonium sulfate showed increased priming activity by the electrostatic dissociation of DNA and histone in chromatin on the stimulation depending on property of chromatins. 7. It is suggested that the results support a proposal that testis and spleen of highly sensitive to irradiation should an increase in the priming activity whereas brain and liver of lower sensitivity decreased in the activity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.146-164
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• 1980

In this paper it was attempted to observe the effect of defatted panax ginseng supplement of the growth rate, feed and protein efficiency ratios, and the contents of cholesterol, total lipid and protein in the serum, liver and aorta in Sprague-Dowley Albino male rat (weighing 83 ${\pm}$ 4 g). Seven kinds of experimental diets were prepared as follows : Stock (control) diet, ginseng control diets supplemented with 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0% of ginseng powder to the stock diet, and defatted ginseng Powder diets supplemented with 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0% of defatted ginseng powder to the stock diet. .All diets contained same level of lipid and protein, respectively. The results obtained are as follows : 1. The growth rate in the feeding group of 0.5% defatted ginseng powder diet for 16week were higher than other diet groups. 2. Feed and Protein efficiency in 0.5% defatted ginseng group showed similar tendency to that in body growth rate. 3. The total cholesterol contents in the serum of 0.5% defatted ginseng Powder diet$.$ group showed the tendency to decrease gradually for 4 to 12 weeks, maintaining higher level than other groups. The free cholesterol contents in the serum of defatted ginseng powder diet group in 8 the and 16th weeks were higher than all ginseng control diet group. The total and free cholesterol contents in the liver of all defatted ginseng diet groups in 16th week were higher than hose of all ginseng control groups. The total cholesterol content at 12h week and the free cholesterol content at 16th week i n the aorta of all defatted ginseng diet groups were lower than those of ginseng control groups, respectively. 4. The total lipid contents in the serum of 1.0 and 3.0% defatted ginseng diet groups at 2nd to I2th weeks were lower than other groups, and those in the liver and aorta of all defatted ginseng diet groups at 12th weeks were lower than those of ginseng control diet groups. 5. The protein contents of the serum and aorta were continuously increased throughout whole experimental period in all experimental groups. The protein content of the liver of all groups were decreased at 2nd week and after then no change was observed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.1874-1879
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• 2007

A total of one hundred and forty four weaned pigs with an average BW of $8.09{\pm}0.05$ kg were used in a 28 day study to investigate the effects of fermented soy protein on growth performance, blood urea nitrogen and total protein concentrations in serum and nutrient digestibility in weaner pigs. Pigs were blocked by initial body weight and randomly allocated to one of four dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. There were six replications per treatment. Dietary treatments included: SBM (corn-soybean meal basal diet), F 5, 10 and 15 (fermented soy product was used at 5, 10 and 15% to replace soybean meal in basal diet, respectively). ADG (average daily gain) and ADFI (average daily feed intake) were not affected (p>0.05) by dietary treatments during the entire 4-wk study period. There were linear increments in feed efficiency (p<0.01) as the dietary FSP level increased during the entire feeding period. No significant differences were observed for dry matter and nitrogen digestibility during the experimental period (p>0.05). Digestibilities of histidine, lysine and methionine were increased as the FSP level increased (linear effect, p<0.05, p<0.01). Among non-essential amino acids, alanine, glutamic acid, serine, tyrosine and total non essential amino acid digestibilities were increased linearly (p<0.05, p<0.01). There were quadratic effects in protein digestibility (p<0.05). Total amino acid digestibility of the F15 diet was improved compared with the F5 diet (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in fecal consistency score among the treatments (p>0.05). At the end of experiment, BUN (blood urea nitrogen) concentration was increased as the FSP level increased (linear effect, p<0.01) and total protein concentration was lowest (p<0.05) for pigs fed the SBM diet among treatments. In conclusion, the feeding of 10 or 15% FSP to nursery pigs improved feed efficiency, amino acid digestibility and blood urea nitrogen and total protein concentrations in blood.