• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.169-175
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• 1996

An experiment was conducted with male broiler chicks to determine the effect of different dietary phosphorus sources and evaluate the biological availability of phosphorus sources. The biological availability of phosphorus from dicalcium phosphate (DCP) was used as a reference standard (100%) compared to defluorinate phosphate (DFP). DCP and DFP was supplemented to a corn-soy basal diet at levels of 0.05, 0.15, 0.25, 0.35%. Each of 24 pens of 10 male broiler chicks with three replications was used for three weeks. The results indicated that weight gain, feed in-take, feed efficiency, nonphytic phosphorus (NPP) and tibia ash were significantly different among treatments. Dietary supplemental phosphorus of DFP improved weight gain, NPP intake and feed efficiency consistently, whereas supplements of DCP did not show consistent increase. Regression equations was used for the availability of DPP compared with DCP when percent bone ash was a function of total phosphorus in the diet. The percent (%) bone ash of DFP groups compared to that of DCP groups showed a value of 59.98% as a slope ratio. DFP indicated lower biological availability compared to DCP, but it's dietary supplementation tended to increase bone ash and maximize the growth of young broiler chicks.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.417-425
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• 2013

This study investigated the runoff from rice paddy located on reclaimed fine sandy loam soil to provide data for the development of policies to protect water quality of estuaries. Total N (TN), Total P (TP) concentrations and runoff loads at outlet were monitored from 2006 to 2008. Soil phosphate adsorptivity was measured and compared with typical paddy soil in watersheds. TP concentration of the paddy water and TP runoff loads were much greater than those of typical paddy field in watershed because phosphate adsoptivity in reclaimed paddy field of fine sandy loam appeared to be a third of those of typical paddy soils by relatively low soil OM and high sand content of the reclaimed soil. Thus, nutrient runoff, particularly phosphate from the reclaimed paddy field needs to be managed more thoroughly to protect estuarine water quality.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.319-324
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• 1998

Sol-gel derived phosphate water-sioluble glasses containing Cu were prepared. Powder-shape of glasses were added in D.I water used polyethylene bottle. After solution contained glass powder were submerged in water bath on 25$^{\circ}C$ their dissolution behavior/characteristics bactericidal effect and cytotoxicity test were evaluated. The maximum amount of Cu(35 mol%) via sol-gel method was more 5 mol% increased than that with melting process. The stage of total dissolution was more dominant than that of selective leaching dur-ing dissolution due to dissolved amount of glasses increased linearly with time. The ratio of Cu+ to {{{{ {Cu }^{2+ } }} was 3:7 so that the structure of glasses is more predominant 2-dimension chain structure than 3-dimenshion po-lymeric structue. The stage of total dissolution was more dominant than that of selective leaching during dissolution. Bactericidal effect against all bacteria showed that solutions which contained 40 ppm and 100 ppm of Cu killed 80 percentages of bacteria within 2 hours and 100 percentages of those within 12 hours. The results of cytotoxicity test for L929 cells showed no cytotoxicity were observed within 96 hours for dis-solved solution that contains 40 ppm and 100 ppm of Cu.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.77-84
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• 1999

Most river quality problems are generated by pollutants which are discharged into the river as a consequence of human activities. And eutrophication occurs when water is over enriched with nutrients, principally nitrate and phosphate. Both these nutrients are found in many waste products, especially sewage even when the waste is treated. Eutrophication is concerned in lakes, but it also causes problems in river. Wide growth of Phytoplankton in rivers, leads to blockage of channels, but the main concern is deoxygenation because of the increase in plant life's demand for oxygen in revers. Fish, plant and animals die due to lack of oxygen. The increase of algae floating on the tops of water looks ugly and has attracted public attention and concern in recent years. One way of controlling eutrophication is to restrict the amount of waste carrying nitrate or phosphate from entering the water in the first place. another way is to remove it from the water after it has been entered. This study was carried out to investigate on the trophic state, nutrients and Chlorophyll-a concentration in the Han River. The results were as follows:1. Concentrations of total nitrogen were 2.208~9.221(5.133)mg/$\ell$2. Concentrations of total phosphate were 0.045~0.614(0.195)mg/$\ell$3. Chlorophyll-a concentration were $0.0-25.3(9.6)mg/m^3$.4. The correlation coefficient between T-P and Chlorophyll-a concentration was r=-0.856 at Sungsan sampling site.5. The correlation coefficient was r=-0.578~-0.767, between Paldang Dam outflow and Chlorophyll-a concentration at all sampling sites.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.504-509
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• 2006

Poly(vinyl phosphate-b-styrene) (PVPP-b-PS) block copolymers were synthesized successfully from poly(vinyl alcohol-b-styrene) (PVA-b-PS) by reaction with phosphorus oxychloride and subsequent hydrolysis. The obtained block copolymers were slightly crosslinked, and were characterized by various analytical techniques. The total phosphorus content and the ratio of the differently bound phosphorus were obtained by both solid-state $^{31}P$ NMR and pH titration, but the results differed slightly. Characterization by energy dispersion X-ray analysis (EDS) or Rutherford back scattering (RBS), on the other hand, determined the total phosphorus contents, but the results were quite different from those by solid-state $^{31}P$ NMR.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.225-233
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• 2002

This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of ultrasonic vibration on margin types and cements by comparing bond strength of cemented crown. In this study, margins of each metal die, which were chamfer, shoulder and shoulder with bevel, were prepared using computer milling machine. Specimens were cemented with zinc phosphate cement or resin cement. The specimens were divided by the finish line and cement used, ultrasonic vibration. I made total 84 specimens. All specimens were divided into two groups. One group was not vibrated, the other group was subjected to ultrasonic vibration for 12 minutes. Tensile bond strength was measured using Universial testing machine. The changes of bond strength in groups were statistically analyzed by t-test or One-way ANOVA. The results were as follows : 1. Ultrasonic instrumentation diminished the bond strength of crown cemented with zinc phosphate cement and resin cement after 12 minutes application. 2. In case of zinc phosphate cement, the bond strength of a vibrated group was showed significantly decreased(p<0.05). In vibrated groups with zinc phosphate cement, shoulder with bevel exhibit a significant difference to chamfer and shoulder(p<0.05) 3. Resin cement was more resistant to ultrasonic vibration than zinc phosphate cement and showed no significant differences according to ultrasonic vibration and margin type. In conclusion, These results revealed that zinc phosphate cement was most affected and resin cement was the least affected by ultrasonic vibration. Especially shoulder with bevel design was most affected in zinc phosphate cement groups. we should consider these results and be taken in the application of ultrasonic vibration to any teeth restored with crowns.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.163-166
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• 2000

Cassia mimosoides var. nomame was grown at five phosphate rates (0, 5, 15, 25 and 35 kg/10a) at Cheju in 1998 to determine the influence of phosphate rate on growth, forage yield and quality. As phosphate rate increased from 0 to 35kg/10a, the plant growth was increased such as days to flowering, plant height, the number of branches and green leaves per plant, stem diameter and SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development) reading values of leaves but the number of withering leaves per plant decreased. Fresh forage yield was 3, 291kg/10a at 0 kg/10a of phosphate rate and increased 5, 200 and 5, 230 kg/10a at 25 and 35 kg/10a of phosphate level, respectively. Dry matter, crude protein and total digestible nutrients (TDN) showed the same tendency of changes as the fresh forage yield. Crude protein, crude fat, nitrogen free extract and TDN content increased but crude ash and crude fiber content decreased as the increasing of phosphate rate increased.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 2023

Phosphorus (P) is a macro mineral needed for bone mineralization and cell membrane structure and P is also involved in several fundamental pathways of metabolism in the body. Because of the low concentration and digestibility of P in plant ingredients that are the main components of diets for poultry and pigs, feed phosphates are usually included in diets in addition to the P contributed by plant ingredients. The most widely used feed phosphates in poultry and swine diets are dicalcium phosphate (DCP) and monocalcium phosphate (MCP), but tricalcium phosphate (TCP), monosodium phosphate (MSP), and magnesium phosphate (MgP) may be used as well. Because feed phosphates are mostly produced from rock phosphate, feed phosphates have impurities that contain minerals other than P. Concentrations of P in feed phosphates range from 14.8% (MgP) to 25.7% (MSP). The standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P in pigs ranges from 71% (TCP) to 95% (MSP). The STTD of Ca and the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of P and Ca in feed phosphates fed to pigs and poultry have been determined only in a few experiments. Available data indicate that the STTD of Ca and SID of P in MCP are greater than in DCP in both poultry and pigs, but the SID of Ca is similar between DCP and MCP fed to broilers. Information on mineral concentrations and digestibility values in feed phosphates is needed in diet formulation for pigs and poultry, but if diets are formulated to contain equal concentrations of digestible P and Ca, it is unlikely that animal performance will be impacted by the source of feed phosphates used in the diet.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.134-136
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• 1994

The effects of soil phosphorus level on seed emergence, seedling mortality, plant and root development of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) were evaluated in a newly planted commercial ginseng garden. Phosphorus levels were increased from 58 ppm to 100, 150 and 200 ppm with triplephosphate (0-45-0). Higher phosphate levels increased, seed emergence and reduced seedling mortality. Root length, diameter, fresh root weight and total leaflet length were not affected by phosphate levels.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.58-62
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• 1985

Three rates of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium were applied to a old tobacco Hyangcho for the establishment of the optimum rate of fertilizers for Growth and chemical component. 1. The rate increament of nitrogen and potassium increased tobacco growth, but the effect of phosphate was non-significant between rates. 2. The contents of total-nitrogen and total-alkaloid in the leaf increased with increase of nitrogen rate while the effect of phosphate and potassium were negligible.