• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.209-218
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• 2010

감전동 측정소에서 측정한 일반대기의 휘발성유기화합물 중 방향족화합물이 전체의 51.3%로 가장 높은 농도를 나타내었고 다음이 paraffin류(44.2%), olefin류(2.7%), alkyne류(1.8%)의 순이었으며 대연동 측정소는 paraffin류가 전체의 56.7%를 나타내어 가장 높았으며 다음이 aromatic류(35.9%), olefin류(6.1%), alkyne류(1.3%)순으로 조사되었다. POCP를 고려한 오존생성 기여도는 toluene이 30.6%로 가장 높았으며 그 다음으로 propane, m/p-xylene, ethylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene이 각각 10.2%, 9.4%, 7.4%, 5.2%로 높았다 상위 5가지 물질의 기여도가 전체의 62.8%로 다른 물질들의 기여도 보다 비교적 높은 것으로 나타났다. 한편 상위 32종의 VOCs가 전체 VOCs중 97.6%로 조사되어 나머지 14개 VOCs물질의 오존생성 기여율은 미미한 것으로 조사되었다. 고농도 오존이 발생한 시점과 $NO_2$/NO의 비의 시간 변화율이 바뀌는 시점은 대체적으로 아주 유사한 현상을 보였다. 이것은 고농도 오존과 광화학적 현상이 밀접한 관계를 보인다는 것을 간접적으로 시사한다. NO의 $NO_2$로의 전환이 오존의 고농도 현상에 중요한 역할을 하고 있다는 것을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.154-157
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• 2002

Direct, continuous, and accurate measurements of solar ultraviolet irradiance (290-400 nm: UVR) have been carried out since 1990, by using both band-spectral ultraviolet-B (290-320 nm: UV-B) and ultraviolet-A (320-400 nm: UV-A) radiometers at Tokai University in Hiratsuka, Japan (35$^{\circ}$N, 139$^{\circ}$E). From our observations, the following findings are provided: 1) an increasing trend in solar UV -B from Oct. 1990 to Sept. 2000; 2) a regional comparison of solar UVR in Japan; 3) the distinct characteristics of UV-B and UV-A irradiance, such as diffuse property, daily and seasonal variation; and 4) human body protection against solar UVR. An increasing 10-year trend in global solar UV - B in Hiratsuka corresponded to a decrease in the total ozone amount measured at Tsukuba (36$^{\circ}$N, 140$^{\circ}$E), giving supportive evidence for a direct link between these two parameters. Furthermore, a strong correlation was found between solar UV-B and total ozone amount from results of UVR measurements at four Tokai University monitoring stations dispersed throughout Japan. Additional results revealed different diffuse properties in global solar UV and in global solar total (300-3000 nm: Total) irradiances. For example, in the global UVR, the diffuse component was dominant: about 80 % independent of weather, with more than 60 % of global UV-B, and more than 50% of global UV-A with even a cloudless clear sky. On the other hand, the portion of the diffuse in the global total irradiance was very low, less than 10 % on a cloudless clear day. Daily and seasonal variations of UV -B and UV -A irradiances were found to be quite different, because of the marked dependence of UV -B irradiance on the atmospheric ozone amount. Moreover, UV -B irradiance showed large daily and seasonal variations: the ratio between maximum and minimum irradiances was more than 5. In contrast, the variation in UV-A was small: the ratio between maximum and minimum was less than 2. Three important facts are proposed concerning solar UVR protection of the human body: 1) the personal minimal erythema dose (MED); 2) gender based difference in MED values; and 3) proper colors for UVR protective clothing.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제17권
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• pp.249-254
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• 1997

Photocatalytic reaction using $TiO_2$ thin film was applied for the inactivation of coliform bacteria and the degradation of formic acid. UV processes coupled with and without $TiO_2$ were tested for the river water samples. It took 5 and 15 minutes, respectively, to obtain 99% destruction of coliform bacteria in the total coliform test, which demonstrated the effectiveness of the photocatalytic reaction. Complete degradation of formic acid determined by TOC analysis was observed in 20 minutes by ozone/photocatalysis, while formic acid was degraded as little as about 20% during the first 100 minutes by ozone treatment alone. When ozone was supplied to the $TiO_2/UV$ system, however, it provided a synergetic effect for the degradation of formic acid.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2002년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.22-25
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• 2002

The effect of in-situ chemical oxidation on the indigenous soil microorganisms (total microbes and PAH-degrading microbes) and contaminant removal were investigated. Field soil contaminated with diesel in gas station was collected and the soil was treated from 0 to 900 minutes by in-situ ozonation as chemical remediation. The treated soil samples were incubated with supplying oxygen during the 9 weeks to understand the characteristics of microbes regrowth, damaged by ozone. The sharp decrease of aromatic fraction and TPH was observed within 60 minutes of ozone application and aromatic fraction and TPH then slowly decreased. The phenanthren-degrading bacteria were the most sensitive to ozonation, because 1 hour of ozonation reduced the microbes from 10$^{6}$ CFU/g-soil to below detection limits.

• International Journal of Safety
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2010

We measured the concentrations of air pollutants at several residential sites, roadside sites and industrial sites in Iwate Prefecture, Japan. And the concentration distributions of air pollutants were estimated by atmospheric dispersion model using air emissions data. Based on those results, we calculated environmental risk of air pollutants emitted in Iwate Prefecture. As a result, it was found that the surround of factories with high emissions and highly toxic chemicals and the roadsides were high risk area, benzo(a)pyrene, formaldehyde and ozone exceeded the $10^{-5}$ risk level. Moreover, we tried to use "Loss of life expectancy: LLE" for an index to explain those risk to general public intelligibly. The total LLE of the carcinogenic chemicals was about 8.6 hours. Moreover, LLE of ozone was about 9.2 hours. Ozone has a big influence compared with the carcinogenic chemicals.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.532-537
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• 2009

The tropospheric ozone production mechanism for the gas phase additive oxidation reaction of hydroxyl radical (OH) with isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) has been studied using cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) at total pressure of 50 Torr and 298 K. The applicability of CRDS was confirmed by monitoring the shorter (~4%) ringdown time in the presence of hydroxyl radical than the ring-down time without the photolysis of hydrogen peroxide. The reaction rate constant, $(9.8{\pm}0.1){\times}10^{-11}molecule^{-1}cm^3s^{-1}$, for the addition of OH to isoprene is in good agreement with previous studies. In the presence of $O_2$ and NO, hydroxyl radical cycling has been monitored and the simulation using the recommended elementary reaction rate constants as the basis to OH cycling curve gives reasonable fit to the data.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.17-24
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• 1996

Dye solutions were tested in order to find the optimal condition of ozonation and determine the progress of degradation, i.e., change of the parameters characterizing the dye solutions. From the results of our experiment we can conclude that almost all of the color was removed within a 10 minute time period. An ozone oxidation results in the effective removal of COD(60%). but the elimination of the total organic carbon(TOC) was not successful, only about 15~40% of TOC was removed from dyeing wastewater in 30 minutes. The color removal is much effective in using ozonation method.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.764-770
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• 1997

건강보조식품 가공원료인 스피루리나와 다시마 분말의 위생화를 위한 오존처리 및 감마선 조사가 오염 미생물의 살균효과 및 이화학적 품질특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 미생물 살균효과에서 7.5 kGy 선량의 감마선 조사는 대장균군, 곰팡이, 호기성 전세균을 검출한계 이하로 사멸시켰으나, 오존처리(18 ppm 농도, 8시간 처리)는 높게 오염된 미생물을 사멸시키는데 불충분하였다. 이화학적 품질특성에서 10 kGy까지 감마선 조사된 시료의 pH, 색도, 아미노산 및 지방산 조성은 무처리 대조시료와 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 오존처리된 시료에서는 pH, 색소 및 TBA값의 변화와 특히 지방산 조성에서 불포화 지방산의 심한 감소현상을 나타내었다. 따라서 신선초 분말의 위생화를 위한 살균처리 방법으로서 감마선 조사가 오존처리에 비해 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.609-618
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• 2009

Repeated phenol spill in the Nakdong River has been a big issue in Korea since 1991. In this study, treatment of phenol in each water treatment process and total water treatment system is evaluated. Phenol was highly volatile, easily oxidized by ozone, and readily absorbed onto GAC. When there was phenol of 0.3mg/L in water, by ozonation of 1mg/L or by GAC adsorption with EBCT of 10minutes or longer, it could be treated to lower than 0.005mg/L, the national drinking water standard of phenol. Even when a sufficient contact time(70minutes) was allowed, only 35 to 40% of phenol could be removed by powdered activated carbon(PAC). Based on the test results, it can be concluded that 1.0mg/L or less concentration of phenol can be treated at the plants adopting the combination process of ozone and GAC down to the safe level. In this study, removal characteristics for phenol were evaluated with the existing pilot plant and demo plant in different advanced water treatment processes(AWTPs). In the future, studies on changes in oxidation and adsorption characteristics caused by competitive matters such as DOC and removal characteristics by other various AWTPs including ozone/filter adsorber need to be performed.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.55-59
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• 2004

The effect of ozone on the formation and the removal of disinfection byproducts(DBPs) of chlorination process was studied to elucidate the performance of water treatment process. The samples of raw water, prechlorination process, and preozonation process were analyzed quantitatively according to the Standard Methods for the Examination of drinking water. As a result, most of total trihalomethanes(THMs) which were formed in prechlorine treatment process was not removed in the preozonation process. Most of haloacetic acids(HAAs), haloacetonitriles(HANs), and chloral hydrate(CH) was removed in sedimentation and biological activated carbon(BAC) filtration processes. However, DBPs were increased more or less by postchlorine step. In particular, the formation of THMs and HAAs depends on ozone more than chlorine, but, the formation of HANs and CH depends on chlorine more than ozone. The seasonal variation of DBPs concentration for the year needs to be investigated to study the temperature effect because DBPs strongly depend on temperature among various efficient factors.