• 미생물학회지
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.55-57
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• 2019

페놀과 같은 단환성 화합물을 분해하는 미생물인 Runella sp. ABRDSP2 균주는 담수로부터 분리되었다. 원형으로 완성된 하나의 chromosome과 3개의 plasmid로 구성된 유전체는 GC 함량이 44.4%인 총 7,613,819 bp의 크기를 나타내며 6,006개의 유전자를 인코딩하고 있다. ABRDSP2 균주는 monooxygenase, ring-cleaving dioxygenase 및 catechol 1,2-dioxygenase 등의 다수의 방향성 탄화수소를 분해하는 유전자를 함유하고 있다. 이런 전장 유전체는 Runella sp. ABRDSP2 균주가 다양한 생분해능력이 있음을 나타낸다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.339-345
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• 2009

We evaluated the activity and abundance of the crude-oil-degrading bacterium Nocardia sp. H17-1 during bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil, using real-time PCR. The total petroleum hydrocarbon(TPH) degradation rate constants(k) of the soils treated with and without H17-1 were $0.103\;d^{-1}$ and $0.028\;d^{-1}$ respectively. The degradation rate constant was 3.6 times higher in the soil with H17-1 than in the soil without H17-1. In order to detect and quantify the Nocardia sp. H17-1 in soil samples, we quantified the genes encoding 16S ribosomal RNA(16S rRNA), alkane monooxygenase(alkB4), and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase(23CAT) with real-time PCR using SYBR green. The amounts of H17-1 16S rRNA and alkB4 detected increased rapidly up to 1,000-folds for the first 10 days, and then continued to increase only slightly or leveled off. However, the abundance of the 23CAT gene detected in H17-1-treated soil, where H17-1 had neither the 23CAT gene for the degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons nor the catechol 2,3-dioxygenase activity, did not differ significantly from that of the untreated soil($\alpha$=0.05,p>0.22). These results indicated that H17-1 is a potential candidate for the bioaugmentation of alkane-contaminated soil. Overall, we evaluated the abundance and metabolic activity of the bioremediation strain H17-1 using real-time PCR, independent of cultivation.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.479-484
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• 2008

The application of microwave technology has been investigated in the remediation of diesel-contaminated soil. The paper deals with economic assessment by means of cost analysis and degradation characteristics at different microwave powers for total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) in diesel contaminated soils. The soils from S Mountain around the D University were sampled. The samples were screened with 2.0 mm mesh and dried for 6 hours before the diesel was added into the dried soils. The diesel-contaminated soil (3,300 mg THP/kg soil) was prepared with diesel (S Co.). The drying process was carried out in a microwave oven, a standard household appliance with a 2,450 MHz frequency and 700 W of power. The experiments were conducted from 0 to 20 minutes as the microwave powers increased from 350W to 500W to 700W. The concentrations of TPH were analysed using a gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (GC/MS). The initial concentration of TPH was 3,300 mg TPH/kg soil. The weight of contaminated soil was 200g. The concentration of TPH was decreased to 1,828 mg TPH/kg soil (44.7%), 1,347 mg TPH/kg soil (59.2%) and 1,014 mg TPH/kg soil (69.3%) at 350W, 500W and 700W for 15 minutes respectively. In addition, the curve was best fit with first order kinetics using the least-square method. The ranges of a first order rate constant k and r-square were $0.0298{\sim}0.0375min^{-1}$ and $0.9373{\sim}0.9541$ respectively.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2002년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.66-69
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• 2002

In this work, cost effective venting is considered by comparing flow rates of 5$m\ell$/min, 10$m\ell$/min, and 20$m\ell$/min. Studies were performed on a soil artificially contaminated with diesel oil (the initial TPH(Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon) concentration of 7098mg/kg), and nutrient condition was C:N:P rate of 100:10:1. The soil has a sandy texture with pH of 6.8, 2.16 ~2.38% organic matter, a total porosity of 47~52% and field capacity 16.2~ 17.2%. The column experiments was made of glass column of 60cm length and 10cm I.D. at controlled temperature of 2$0^{\circ}C$($\pm$2.5$^{\circ}C$). The efficiency of continuous flow rate of 5, 10 and 20$m\ell$/min resulted in separately 61.3%, 58.1%, and 55% reduction of initial TPH concentration(7098mg/kg). Hydrocarbon utilizing microbial count and dehydrogenase activity in air flow of 5$m\ell$/min were higher than those of the others. The first order degradation rate of n-alkanes ranging from C10 to C28 was higher than that of pristane and phytane as isoprenoids. The $C_{17}$/pristane and $C_{18}$phytane ratios for monitoring the degree of biodegradation were useful only during the early stages of oil degradation. Degradation contributed from about 89% to 93% of TPH removal. Volatilization loss of diesel oil in contaminated soil was about 7% to 11%, which was significantly small compared to degradation.n.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1192-1192
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• 2001

Usually there are many furnaces in a ethylene plant and the performance of total furnaces can be improved if that of each furnace is monitored and controlled. For this purpose real-time data for the effluent of each furnace is necessary. However, it is very difficult to analyze the total effluent stream of a ethylene furnace by real-time because it is composed of so many components including heavy hydrocarbons. Fortunately, component data for lighter hydrocarbons is much more important than that of heavier ones for ethylene furnace. In ordinary case, the on-line measurement of light hydrocarbons is performed by on-stream gas chromatography, after separating gas-phase part from effluent. The main and important components of gas-phase are Methane, Ethane, Ethylene, and Propylene. If we can use Near-infrared spectroscopy for measuring those components within good reproducibility, shorter analysis time, better repeatability, easier maintenance and lower cost will make Near-infrared (NIR) analyzer replace on-stream gas chromatography in this process. Although it is known to be very difficult to measure gas components because of very weak absorption in Near-infrared region, we have studied the feasibility of the application of NIR for the measurement of gas-phase hydrocarbon in the effluent of ethylene furnace. The samples were obtained from actual process and NIR spectra were collected over 1100 to 2500nm range. NIR spectra and calibrations showed and demonstrated the possibility of extending NIR spectroscopy to the measurement of gas-phase hydrocarbon in the effluent of ethylene furnace.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.458-464
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 사산화삼철과 활성탄을 발열체로 하여 벙커C유 오염토양에 마이크로파를 조사한 후 온도변화 양상 및 TPH 제거효율을 살펴보았다. 사산화삼철 및 활성탄 함유 오염토양에 100~500 Watt로 마이크로파를 조사하였을 때 승온율은 $1.4{\sim}1.6^{\circ}C/Watt$로 나타났다. 조사시간에 따른 온도의 변화는 활성탄보다 사산화삼철 함유토양에서 민감하게 나타났으며, 사산화삼철과 활성탄의 경우 발열체 함량이 각각 10% 이상과 25%에서 열탈착을 위한 충분한 온도가 확보될 수 있음을 관찰하였다. 사산화삼철은 평균 44.1%, 활성탄은 평균 89.4%의 TPH 제거 효율을 나타났으며, 벙커C유의 제거 양상은 활성탄이 함유되었을 때 사산화삼철 보다 고분자탄화수소의 휘발이 더욱 원활하게 진행되고 있음을 확인하였다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.333-344
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 유류오염 지역인 유류보급 군부대 일대의 지하수에 대한 수질 측정 및 분석, 추적자시험, 지하수유형분석 등 수리지질학적 특성을 통하여 오염부지에서 나타나는 자연저감의 효과를 파악하였다. 또한 이 결과를 반영하여 최종적으로 거리별 자연 저감율 및 발현된 생분해능 등을 평가하였다. 거리에 따른 자연저감율을 평가한 결과, 선형기울기($K/V_x$)는 -0.0248로 계산되었으며 산정된 체적저감율은 $1.7{\times}10^{-3}/day$로 나타났다. 연구지역의 발현된 BTEX 총 생분해능은 9.1~10.0 mg/L의 범위(평균 9.7 mg/L)에 있으며 탈질화 과정이 약 63.6%로 가장 큰 영향을 주는 redox 과정임을 확인하였다. 본 유류오염지역의 지하수 BTEX 오염농도 평균 1.326 mg/L임을 고려할 때 생분해능은 충분할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제35권11호
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• pp.776-780
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 마이크로파 조사를 통하여 디젤오염토양의 TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon) 제거양상을 살펴보고자 하였다. 건조토양을 마이크로파로 조사하였을 때 토양 내 온도의 상승은 완만하였으나 수분이 공급된 상태에서 온도 상승이 급격하게 나타났다. 함수량이 20% 이내 범위에서는 수분함량이 증가할수록 온도가 상승하였으나 20% 이상에서는 오히려 온도가 저하되었다. 100~700 W의 전력량으로 마이크로파를 조사한 후 각각의 TPH의 제거량을 확인하였을 때 300 W 이상의 범위에서는 전력량이 높아짐에도 TPH 제거량에 차이가 많지 않았다. 초기 수분량 20%에서 마이크로 조사 시 최종 TPH 제거량은 60%로 나타났으나 추가적으로 수분을 공급하여 토양 내 함수량을 일정하게 유지하였을 때 약 25%의 TPH 제거 증대효과가 나타났다. 이는 마이크로파를 이용할 때 반응이 지속됨에 따라 수분손실과 더불어 온도가 감소하므로 토양 내 함수량을 유지하는 것이 효율적인 TPH제거를 위해 중요한 요인이 될 수 있다는 것을 나타낸다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.263-268
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• 2017

The significance of maintaining the soil environment is gradually increasing owing to soil and underground water contamination by petroleum leak accidents. However, the purification of soil is an expensive and more time-consuming process than the purification of contaminated water and air. Moreover, determining the source and people responsible for soil pollution gets often embroiled in legal conflicts, further delaying the cleanup process of the contaminate site. Generally, TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbon) pattern analysis is used to determine the petroleum species and polluter responsible for soil contamination. However, this process has limited application for petroleum products with a similar TPH pattern. In this study, we analyze the TPH pattern and specific sectional ratio (${\sim}C_{10}$, $C_{10}-C_{12}$, $C_{12}-C_{36}$, and $C_{36}{\sim}$) of various domestic petroleum products to identify the petroleum product responsible for soil contamination. Also, we perform BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, xylene) quantitative analysis and determine B:T:E:X ratio using GC-MS. The results show that gasoline grade 1 and 2 have a similar TPH pattern but different BTEX values and ratios. This means that BTEX analysis can be used as a new method to purify soil pollution. This complementary TPH and BTEX method proposed in this study can be used to identify the petroleum species and polluters present in the contaminated soil.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 석유계총탄화수소와 톨루엔을 토양세정에 의해 제거하기 위하여 일련의 실험을 수행하였다. 회분식 실험 결과 Triton X-100과 SWA 1503의 경우 각각 79.0%와 69.0%의 TPH 제거효율을 나타내었다. 계면활성제의 농도 1-11mmol/L에서 계면활성제 농도 증가에 따라 TPH 제거효율은 증가하였으나 주입량 대비 제거효율 고려 시 최적 농도는 1mmol/L로 나타났다. 칼럼 실험 결과 최적의 유속은 0.3mL/min으로 나타났다. PAM(Physical Aquifer Model) 실험 결과 3 PV(Pore Volume) 동안 토양세정을 통해 주입한 톨루엔 중 약 5.5%가 제거된 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 토양세정의 효율을 증가시키기 위해서는 계면활성제의 재순화 또는 재이용을 통한 최적 운전조건의 도출이 필요하다.