• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.129-138
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• 2010

Total phenolic content, total anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity were analyzed from rice samples collected in Korea, Japan and China. The results showed that the total phenolic content and free-radical scavenging activity differed significantly in these rice lines. The correlation between content and activity was subsequently investigated. The results showed that in black rice, anthocyanin was the major phenolic component and that both phenolic content and anthocyanin content were closely correlated with free-radical scavenging activity. Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) data showed that cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and peonidin-3-O-glucoside composed about 90% of the total anthocyanin content in black rice and in red rice. In the red rice extract, the total phenolic content produced a high correlation coefficient with antioxidant activity but correlated very poorly with the total anthocyanin content. The $OD_{458}$ and the $OD_{500}$ values which represent the proanthocyanidin content of the rice extract, produced high correlation coefficients with antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. These results suggest that the $OD_{458}$ and the $OD_{500}$ values can be used to evaluate the quality of red rice. In addition, based on the data obtained, a competitive accumulation model of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin in black and red rice was proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.718-724
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• 1994

The study was conducted to investigated the effect of dietary levels of zinc (Zn) on lipid metabolism in cadmium (Cd) treated rats. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing about 110$\pm$10g were divided into 6 groups. The Zn levels were low (0ppm), control (30 ppm) and Cd-treated groups were administrated with Cd chloride (5.0mg/kg of body weight) by oral intubation at the same time once a week. Serum total lipid, triglyceride , total cholesterol and DHL-cholesterol contents decreased significantly in low Zn group. In serum dietary high Zn group, it decreased significantly in the content of triglyceride but total cholesterol and HDL- cholesterol revealed increase slightly . Total lipid and triglyceride contents increased by Cd oral intubation, but triblyceride content of control group decreased significantly in Cd-treated groups. HDL-cholesterol content also decreased by Cd oral intubationl. Cd-treatment increased total cholesterol content in low Zn group. Liver triglyceride content increased as dietary Zn level became more increasing and total lipid was not influenced by dietary Zn levels. Liver cholesterol content was higher in low and high Zn groups than that of control group. Liver phospholipid content decreased in low Zn group . Oral intubation of Cd increased in the contents of triglyceride and total lipid. The content of liver Zn was not influenced by the dietary low Zn but that of serum showed a remarkable increased . Oral Cd intubation increased the Cd contents of liver and serum.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.342-345
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• 2010

The purpose of current study was to examine bioaccessibility of antioxidant activity and total phenolic content in each part of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatic Forsk.). In vitro biomimicking system simulated human digestive fluid was employed in order to measure bioavailable anti-oxidative effect and phenolic content. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content was measured by using the DPPH method and the Folin-Ciocalteu assay, respectively. Stem of water spinach had a higher DPPH free radical scavenging effect (5.43 mg/mL for $IC_{50}$) than leaf (5.95 mg/mL for $IC_{50}$), while leaf had a greater level of total phenolic content (287.45 ${\mu}g$ GAE/mL) than stem (216.45 ${\mu}g$ GAE/mL). Bioaccessible antioxidant capacity and digestive stability of total phenolic content showed a similar pattern to what found in raw materials. Our result also indicated that total phenolic content was not found to be a major marker for prediction of antioxidant activity. It is plausible that other constituents such as vitamin E and C in water spinach could be contributors for antioxidant activities.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 1981

Total saponin, protopanaxadiol-saponin and protopanaxatriol-saponin were isolated and purified from the side roots of red ginseng. After we administered them orally into rats during 5 weeks, we observed their effects on lipid and glucose content in rat serum. The change in body weight of protopanaxatriol- saponin treated group was slightly larger than those of other groups. Total lipid content in total saponin treated group showed an increase of about 20 % over that in control group. However, protopanaxadiol-saponin and protopanaxatriol- saponin treated groups showed no change. While triglyceride content in total saponin treated group decreased 29oyo compared to it s content in control group, its content in protopanaxatriol-saponin treated group increased 45%. Three saponin treated groups showed lower value than control group in total ant free cholesterol levels. While glucose content in total saponin treated group decreased slightly, that in Protopanaxadiol-saponin treated group decreased slightly compared to that in control group. And protopanaxatriol- saponin trented group showed the significant decrease of 25%. From these results, it is supposed that total saponin accelerates the conversion of lipid into glucose and that protopanaxatriol- saponin accelerates the conversion of glucose into lipid.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2008

Isoflavone content in various parts of six soybean cultivars and soybean sprout during germination was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The parts analyzed were seed coat, cotyledon, and axis for seeds and whole sprout, root, hypocotyl, and cotyledon for sprout. Two cultivars, Aga3 which is known to have the smallest seed size and the highest isoflavone content among the Korean soybean cultivars and Pungsannamulkong which is the most widely being used as soy-sprout, were selected for sampling from 1 to 10 days after germination. At the same weight, the order of isoflavone content increased from seed coat to cotyledon to axis. The highest total isoflavone(isoflavone$\times$dry weight) content was observed in the cotyledon and the lowest in the seed coat. The cotyledon of the Aga3 variety had the highest total isoflavone content and the lowest was measured in the Pungsannamulkong variety. The highest total isoflavone content, $10,788{\mu}g/g$, was observed in whole sprouts(cotyledon+hypocotyl+root) on day 7 for Aga3. After day 7, there was a decreasing trend in isoflavone content as the germination period increased. Total isoflavone content in the cotyledon of Aga3 significantly increased after seed germination, whereas the isoflavone content in the cotyledon of Pungsannamulkong decreased. However, total isoflavone content in the root of both varieties increased while isoflavone content in the hypocotyls decreased after seed germination.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.291-297
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• 2021

Codonopsis lanceolata, called deodeok in Korean, has been verified for various effects, including anti-aging and anti-inflammatory effects and insomnia improvement, and is one of the healthy foods that Koreans enjoy eating. In this study, the saponin content, lansemaside A content, and total saponin content of deodeok were analyzed using high-pressure sterilization and solid fermentation by mixed lactic acid bacteria. The antioxidant effect was compared to determine improved processing methods of deodeok. The lansemaside A content of deodeok samples depending on the preprocessing methods was analyzed: 2,594.10 mg/kg for dried deodeok, 2,100.93 mg/kg for steamed deodeok, and 1,151.31mg/kg for fermented deodeok. The total saponin content was found to be 7,209 mg/kg for dried deodeok and 8,605 mg/kg for steamed deodeok, showing a high saponin content. The total polyphenol content was highest for dried deodeok, steamed deodeok, and fermented deodeok. As for the antioxidant effect, it was analyzed that the effect of dried deodeok was the highest, followed by steamed deodeok and fermented deodeok; Dried deodeok had the highest value in total polyphenol content, not in total saponin content, which is considered to have a positive influence on its antioxidant effect. The content of lansemaside A was the highest for dried deodeok. When fermented deodeok is consumed, more beneficial effects on health can be expected by ingesting it with lactic acid bacteria cultured using saponins and polyphenols. Therefore, this study suggests the possibility of manufacturing products suitable for the needs of consumers, such as the flavor of deodeok, according to the processing methods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.74-81
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• 1991

This study was conducted to find out physical and chemical characteristics of burley and flue-cured tobacco leaves followed by location, growing season and leaf position during the period 1985 to 1989. The locations of flue-cured tobacco were 7(65farms) and burley tobacco were 4(40 farms). 1. Flue-cured tobacco leaves The locations of Ch'unch'on and Suwon were higher nicotine and ether extract content, Taegu and Chinju were higher total nitrogen content but Chiniju was lower red color of cured leaves than that of other location. Nicotine content increased but total sugar content decreased during the period 1985 to 1989. Nicotine and total nitrogen content increased but crude ash decreased from lower leaf position to higher leaf position. Total sugar and ether extract content were variable followed by leaf position. 2. Burley tobacco leaves. The location of Ch'onju was higher ether extract content than that of others location, but there was no significant difference the others chemical component among location. Nicotine content and red color of cured leaves increased during the period 1985 to 1989. Nicotine, total nitrogen and ether extract content increased but decreased crude ash content and brightness of cured leaf from lower leaf position to higher leaf position.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2003

To investigate the effects of reduction of leaf processing factories on the uniformity of processed leaf quality, the contents and their C.V.(Coefficient of Variation) of chemical constituents of flue-cured leaf tobacco produced from 1997 to 2001 and processed at various factories were analysed. The average leaf chemical contents of 12 grades for 5 years ranged as follows ; nicotine 2.00∼0.85%. total sugar 10.7∼16.9%, total nitrogen 2.36∼2.78%, crude ash 14.6∼15.6% and chlorine 0.50∼0.75%. The variations of chemical contents among crop years was higher in total sugar content while lower in crude ash content. The C.V. of chemical content in same grade leaves was higher in chlorine content while lower in total nitrogen and crude ash contents, and the ratio of C.V. among processing factories/C.V. in total population was higher in total sugar content while lower in crude ash content. When the leaves were processed at one factory, the deviations of chemical contents reduced considerably. Particularly, the decreasing effect of deviation was higher in total sugar content.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.77-86
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• 1991

Changes in total lipid content. total cholesterol content and fatty acid composition of human milk were investigated longitudinaly from 2-5 days to 12 weeks postpartum Milk samples were collected from 19 Korean lactating women at 2-5 days and at 1. 2. 4. 6. and 12 weeks postpartum. The obtained results were as follows : On average the daily energy intake protein intake and fat intake of Korean lactating women was 1812 kcal 72.5g and 29.8g respectively. The composition ratio of energy consis-ting of protein fat and carbohydrate was 16:15:69 The total lipid content increased from 1.39g/이 at 2-5 days to 2.86g/dl at 12 weeks ; while the total cholesterol concentration (mg/g) decreased significantly with time following postpartum. The total unsaturated fatty acids content was higher in colostrum than in mature milk. and the total saturated fatty acids were higher in mature milk. The average DHA content was 0.55% and the P/S ratio of human milk lipids was 0.37.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.83-86
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• 1969

The present investigations were made with the purpose of elucidating the seasonal variation in total nitrogen content of Gelidium amansii. Monthly samples were collected from the sea near pusan, from August 1957 to June 1959. The results obtained have been summarized as follows: The maximum total nitrogen content of Gelidium amansii was observed during the months of January and February, and the minimum content was observed in June and July Thus the total nitrogen content of Gelidium amansii exhibited a considerable periodic change throughout the year. The recommended harvest time of Gelidium amansii with regard to total nitrogen content, is from May to October, but on the other hand the proper harvest time is from May to June, with respect to the season of spore-formation and its propagation.