Korean Journal of Breeding Science (한국육종학회지)

The Korean Society of Breeding Science (한국육종학회)
권호 표지

Relationship of Phenolic Compounds and Free-radical Scavenging Activity in Black and Red Rice Extract

  • Hu, Gao-Sheng (College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Dong A University) ;
  • Xu, Kai-Xiu (Qingdao Marine Technical College) ;
  • Jeong, Soon Jae (College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Dong A University) ;
  • Kim, Doh-Hoon (College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Dong A University)
  • Received : 2010.06.03
  • Published : 2010.06.30
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Total phenolic content, total anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity were analyzed from rice samples collected in Korea, Japan and China. The results showed that the total phenolic content and free-radical scavenging activity differed significantly in these rice lines. The correlation between content and activity was subsequently investigated. The results showed that in black rice, anthocyanin was the major phenolic component and that both phenolic content and anthocyanin content were closely correlated with free-radical scavenging activity. Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) data showed that cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and peonidin-3-O-glucoside composed about 90% of the total anthocyanin content in black rice and in red rice. In the red rice extract, the total phenolic content produced a high correlation coefficient with antioxidant activity but correlated very poorly with the total anthocyanin content. The $OD_{458}$ and the $OD_{500}$ values which represent the proanthocyanidin content of the rice extract, produced high correlation coefficients with antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. These results suggest that the $OD_{458}$ and the $OD_{500}$ values can be used to evaluate the quality of red rice. In addition, based on the data obtained, a competitive accumulation model of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin in black and red rice was proposed.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : Dong-A University

References

  1. Aruoma O.I., Sun B., Fujii H., Neergheen V.S., Bahorun T., Kang K.S., Sung M.K.. (2006). Low molecular proanthocyanidin dietary biofactor Oligonol: Its modulation of oxidative stress, bioefficacy, neuroprotection, food application and chemoprevention potentials. Biofactors, 27: 245-265. https://doi.org/10.1002/biof.5520270121
  2. Finocchiaro F., Ferrari B., Gianinetti A., Dall'asta C., Galaverna G., Scazzina F., Pellegrini N.. (2007). Characterization of antioxidant compounds of red and white rice and changes in total antioxidant capacity during processing. Mol Nutr Food Res, 51: 1006-1019 https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200700011
  3. Finocchiaro F., Ferrari B., Gianinetti A.. (2010). A study of biodiversity of flavonoid content in the rice caryopsis evidencing simultaneous accumulation of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins in a black-grained genotype. J Cereal Sci, 51: 28-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2009.09.003
  4. Furukawa T., Maekawa M., Oki T., Suda I. Iida S., Shimada H., Takamure I. and Kadowaki K. (2006) The Rc and Rd genes are involved in proanthocyanidin synthesis in rice pericarp. Plant J., 49: 91-102. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02958.x
  5. http://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/show_pathway?map00942
  6. Ichikawa H., Ichiyanagi T., Xu B., Yoshii Y., Nakajima M., Konishi T.. (2001). Antioxidant Activity of Anthocyanin Extract from Purple Black Rice. J Med Food, 4: 211-218. https://doi.org/10.1089/10966200152744481
  7. Ikegami A., Eguchi S., Kitajima A., Inoue K., Yonemori K.. (2007). Identification of genes involved in proanthocyanidin biosynthesis of persimmon (Diospyros kaki) fruit. Plant Sci, 172: 1037-1047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2007.02.010
  8. Kang T.H., Hur J.Y., Kim H.B., Ryu J.H., Kim S.Y.. (2006). Neuroprotective effects of the cyanidin-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside isolated from mulberry fruit against cerebral ischemia. Neurosci Lett, 391: 122-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2005.08.053
  9. Kim B.G., Kim J.H., Min S.Y., Shin K.H., Kim J.H., Kim H.Y., Ryu S.N., Ahn J.H.. (2007). Anthocyanin content in rice is related to expression levels of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes. J Plant Biol, 50: 156-160. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03030624
  10. Linda C. S.. (1999) Environmental Significance of Anthocyanins in Plant Stress Responses. Photochem. Photobiol, 70 (1): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1999.tb01944.x
  11. Ling W.H., Cheng Q.X., Ma J., Wang T.. (2001). Red and black rice decrease atherosclerotic plaque formation and increase antioxidant status in rabbits. J Nutr, 131: 1421-1426.
  12. Marles M.A. S., Ray H., Y. Gruber M. (2003) New perspectives on proanthocyanidin biochemistry and molecular regulation. Phytochem. 200364: 367-383. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00377-7
  13. Mellway RD, Tran LT, Prouse MB, Campbell MM, Constabel CP. (2009) The wound-, pathogen-, and ultraviolet B-responsive MYB134 gene encodes an R2R3 MYB transcription factor that regulates proanthocyanidin synthesis in poplar. Plant Physiol., 150(2): 924-94. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.109.139071
  14. Oki T., Masuda M., Kobayashi M., Nishiba Y., Furuta S., Suda I., Sato T.. (2002). Polymeric procyanidins as radical-scavenging components in red-hulled rice. J Agric Food Chem, 50: 7524-7529. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf025841z
  15. Revilla E. , Bourzeix M. and Alonso E. (1991) Analysis of catechins and proanthocyanidins in grape seeds by HPLC with photodiode array detection. Chromatographia. 31: 465-468. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02262390
  16. Tanner G.J., Francki K.T., Abrahams S., Watson J.M., Larkin P.J., Ashton A.R.. (2003). Proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in plants - Purification of legume leucoanthocyanidin reductase and molecular cloning of its cDNA. J Biol Chem, 278: 31647-31656. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M302783200
  17. Winkel-Shirley B. (2001) Flavonoid biosynthesis. A colorful model for genetics, biochemistry, cell biology, and biotechnology. Plant Physio.126: 485-493. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.126.2.485
  18. Xie D.Y., Sharma S.B., Paiva N.L., Ferreira D., Dixon R.A.. (2003). Role of anthocyanidin reductase, encoded by BANYULS in plant flavonoid biosynthesis. Science, 299: 396-399. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1078540
  19. Xie D.Y., Sharma S.B., Dixon R.A.. (2004). Anthocyanidin reductases from Medicago truncatula and Arabidopsis thaliana. Arch Biochem Biophys, 422: 91-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2003.12.011