• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.644-649
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• 2003

The effects of housing and nutrition on the performance of first lactation sows of the Nepalese Pakhribas breed were investigated. A total of 36 sows, from a previous experiment on nutrition during gilt rearing, were allocated according to a factorial design with 2 levels of nutrition, 60 or 80% of the calculated lactation requirement, and two types of housing, traditional or improved. The mean live weight loss of sows during lactation was reduced to a slightly greater extent by improved housing (p<0.05) than by better nutrition (p<0.10). There was also a significantly lower loss of $P_2$ backfat thickness (p<0.05) and mean body condition score (p<0.05) for sows on the higher plane of nutrition. Piglet weight gain in early and mid lactation was influenced by gestation feeding of the gilt (p<0.10) and by housing (p<0.05). Late lactation gain was influenced only by lactation feeding (p<0.05). In consequence, piglet weight at 42 day weaning was increased to a similar extent by improved housing (p<0.05) and better lactation nutrition (p<0.01). Significantly more sows were remated by day 10 after weaning from a higher level of rearing nutrition ($x^2=13.57$, p=0.001), and from improved housing and improved lactation (both $x^2=4.57$, p=0.033). It is concluded that, under Nepalese village conditions, improvements in housing may be a more cost effective way of improving sow performance than expenditure on additional feed resources.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.627-631
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of genetic differences in the bovine leptin gene and milk yield, reproduction, body condition score (BCS), and plasma glucose level in Iranian Holstein cows. In total, two hundred and thirty eight cows were used and genotyped for a restricted fragment length polymorphism at the leptin gene locus. Two genotypes, AA and AB, have been distinguished which have the frequencies of 0.89 and 0.11, respectively. The genotypes were distributed according to the Hardy - Weinberg equilibrium ($x^2$ = 0.733). During the first 12 wk of lactation, milk yield and composition, live weight, BCS and plasma glucose were measured in 50 cows. Data were analyzed based on a repeated measures ANOVA. During this period, milk yield and composition, live weight, BCS and plasma glucose level were similar among the genotypes. The first cumulative 60-d milk yield, 305-d milk yield, days to first breeding, days open and days from first breeding to conception using previous lactation records were also analyzed using Standard Least Square within mixed models. Fixed effects were year, season, parity and age at calving, and sire. For the reproductive traits the cumulative first 60-d milk yield was also added to the model. Animal was fitted as a random effect. A significant association was detected between the RFLP-AB genotype and 305-d milk yield (p<0.05). The first 60-d cumulative milk yield was similar for the two genotypes (p = 0.21) and tended to be higher in the heterozygous cows. The heterozygous genotypes at the above mentioned locus had a trend to better reproductive performance than the homozygous. The results demonstrate that the RFLP B-allele can yield a higher 305-d milk production with a trend to better reproductive performance.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.89-96
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• 2016

This study comprised descriptive research the life stress and user satisfaction of female students who use University health clinic. From October 29 to November 11 2014, the 203 data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe with SPSS 21.0. The highest score were in 'study', the lowest were in 'friend'. There were significant different in 'Future' and 'study' by major departments, 'friend' different by grade. 'Lover' was higher in drinking group, in total and 'value' were higher by meal habit, in 'friend' was higher in group binge. The motivations of use were high in medical treatment and InBody. Most satisfaction item were free administration and emergency medical treatment. Thus it is necessary to different design to reduce life stress in female university students and to operate effectively in university health clinic.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.81-92
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of depression symptom on the self-rated health status(SRHS), the outpatient health service utilization and quality of life(QOL) also the relationship depression symptom with socio-demographic and health related factors. Methods: We selected 9,550 participants without chronic diseases from a total of 18,104 in the '2009 community health survey in Gyeongnam. They were assessed by using a Korean version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale(CES-D). Those with CES-D scores of 21 or greater were defined as having probable depression. Results: A probable depression were associated in bivariate analysis with gender, age, educational status, monthly household income, marital status, current smoking status, drinking habit, physical activities and body mass index. After adjustment for covariates, probable depression groups predicted a lower status in SRHS. Likewise probable depression groups predicted a higher utilization in outpatient health service. Also probable depression groups predicted a lower score in QOL. Conclusions: Probable depression influence SRHS, outpatient health service utilization and QOL even after adjusting for the socio-demographic, health related factors and chronic medical illness. Programs for prevention and management of depression will be helpful to promote health and QOL.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.82-90
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• 1995

Objectives : Insomnia is significantly influenced by the pre-sleep arousal, self efficacy, sleep hygiene, depression and anxiety. The authors tried to explore how these factors are related with the clinical features of sleep. Methods : Fifty three patients diagnosed as insomnia by DSM-IV criteria were studied. They filled up the pre-sleep arousal scale(PSAS), sleep efficacy scale(SES), sleep hygiene awareness and practice scale, BDI, and state and trait anxiety scales. Results: 1) The mean values of sleep-related variables were as follows : Sleep latency,136.89 minutes ; frequences of awakening during a night, 2.28 ; minutes to get back to sleep, 42.70 ; total sleep time, 180.19 minutes ; duration of illness, 72.00 months. 2) The mean scores of scales were as follows : PSAS(cognitive), 22.40 ; PSAS(somatic), 17.32 ; SES, 20.16 ; sleep hygiene knowledge, 25.96 ; caffein knowledge, 59.78 ; sleep hygiene practice, 42.12 ; BDI. 18.2 ; state anxiety, 41.24 ; trait anxiety ; 44.50. 3) In the subjects with superimposed depression, the mean frequency of awakening during a night and the mean pre-sleep arousal scale score were higher than in those without depression. 4) Frequency of awakening were correlated positively with a PSAS(a tight tense feeling in your muscle) and sleep hygiene awareness. PSAS(cognitive) were correlated positively with a PSAS(somatic). BDI correlated positively with a PSAS item(a jittery, nervous feeling in your body)and a SES item (not allow a poor night's sleep to interfere with daily activities). Anxiety scales were correlated positively with sleep hygiene practice scale sleep, and PSAS were correlated negatively with SES. Conclusions : The mean scores of PSAS, SES, sleep hygiene awareness and practice scale, BDI, state and trait anxiety scales of insomniacs were correlated either positively or negatively in insomnia patients. These factors seem to contribute to the development and maintainence of insomnia.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.675-681
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• 2002

Among Italian buffalo farmers, it is widely held that administering diets with high energy and protein concentrations is an effective way to increase milk production. In order to assess the validity of this opinion, we verified milk yield and physico-chemical characteristics from buffaloes that, from the $5^{th}$ month of lactation, were fed two total mixed rations (TMRs) which, given the same intake, should have led to satisfaction of protein requirements though with a slight energy deficit (diet A) or excessive amounts of energy and protein (diet B). Estimate of the energy and protein value of the diets and that of the corresponding requirements was carried out both by using two software programs derived from the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (1992), and with the method set up by INRA researchers (1988). The results obtained show that the two diets administered did not result in significant changes to the quantity of milk produced. However, with Diet B the protein concentration in the milk was significantly (p<0.01) higher, although this was partly offset by the higher concentration (p<0.05) of non-protein nitrogen (NNP). The Group B buffaloes also showed significantly higher blood urea levels (p<0.01), with concentrations exceeding those considered physiological for lactating buffaloes. Finally, while administering Diet A the Body Condition Score (BCS) was close to 6.5 (Wagner et al., 1988), whereas in buffaloes which used Diet B it sometimes increased by over 0.5 points. As regards which of the two methods compared is more suitable for expressing dietary energy and protein value and corresponding requirements, we feel that due to the high variability in the Italian Mediterranean buffalo's milk production aptitude, it would be premature to express a judgement on methods which rest on a common scientific base and do not differ substantially.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.94-102
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• 2014

Diet attrition and failure of long term treatment are very frequent in obese patients. This study aimed to identify pre-treatment variables determining dropout and to customise the characteristics of those most likely to abandon the program before treatment, thus making it possible to modify the therapy to increase compliance. A total of 146 outpatients were consecutively enrolled; 73 patients followed a prescriptive diet while 73 followed a novel brief group Cognitive Behavioural Treatment (CBT) in addition to prescriptive diet. The two interventions lasted for six months. Anthropometric, demographic, psychological parameters and feeding behaviour were assessed, the last two with the Italian instrument VCAO Ansisa; than, a semi-structured interview was performed on motivation to lose weight. To identify the baseline dropout risk factors among these parameters, univariate and multivariate logistic models were used. Comparison of the results in the two different treatments showed a higher attrition rate in CBT group, despite no statistically significant difference between the two treatment arms (P = 0.127). Dropout patients did not differ significantly from those who did not dropout with regards to sex, age, Body Mass Index (BMI), history of cycling, education, work and marriage. Regardless of weight loss, the most important factor that determines the dropout appears to be a high level of stress revealed by General Health Questionnaire-28 items (GHQ-28) score within VCAO test. The identification of hindering factors during the assessment is fundamental to reduce the dropout risk. For subjects at risk, it would be useful to dedicate a stress management program before beginning a dietary restriction.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1445-1454
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• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the effects of a sensory stimulation program on the growth (weight, height, head circumference, and chest circumference), behavioral development, behavioral states, and the heart rate of the infants. A total of 23 infants of 2 weeks old were divided into sensory stimualtion group (11 infants) and control group (12 infants). The infants of sensory stimulation group had received sensory stimulation for 6 weeks. Sensory stimulation program was composed of tactile and kinesthetic stimulation. We assessed growth, behavioral state and heart rate every week and behavioral development every 2 weeks. The results were as follows: 1. Body weight in sensory stimulation group, from two weeks after the sensory stimulation program, was significantly increased more than control group, but there was no significant difference in height, head circumference, and chest circumference between the two groups. 2. Behavioral developmental score of sensory stimulation group was significantly higher than that of control group from two weeks after the sensory stimulation program. Developmental states of sensory stimulation group showed more 'high average developmental state' than the control group from 4 weeks after sensory stimulation program. 3. Behavioral states of sensory stimulation group after the sensory stimulation program, the 'sleeping state' was significantly increased more than control group. The 'awakening state' and the state of fuss or crying were significantly less than those of the control group. 4. The heart rate of the sensory stimulation group after the sensory stimulation was significantly lower than the control group. These results indicate that the sensory stimulation program decreases heart rate and improves the sleeping state to be effective on promoting the growth and development of the infants. In view of these experiments, we suggest sensory stimulation program might be considered as a nursing intervention for growth and development of the infants not only in clinical settings but also at homes and in the communities.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.181-189
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was done to compare breast feeding rates and factors influencing feeding practice between late preterm ($34{\leq}GA<37$) and preterm infants (GA<34). Methods: A survey was done of 207 late preterm and 117 preterm infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) of 4 university hospitals in D city. Data were collected from July 2009 to June 2010 from 324 medical records in the NICU. Breast-feeding at home was checked either by telephone survey or questioning during hospital visits. Results: Rate of breast feeding for late preterm infants was significantly lower than for preterm infants. There was no significant difference in breast-feeding at home. We found differences in factors influencing breast feeding between the two groups. Factors influencing feeding for late preterm infants were type of delivery, mothers' occupation, feeding type during hospitalization, time elapse from hospital discharge, total admission days, infant's body weight at first feeding and length of NPO (nothing by mouth). Factors influencing feeding for preterm infants were birth order, maternal disease and obstetric complications, and one-minute Apgar score. Conclusion: Results of the study show low rates of breast-feeding for late preterm infants indicating a need for breast-feeding education for mothers of these infants.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.84-90
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary behavior on the nutritional status of university students in Korea. A dietary intake survey of 603 university students (223 males and 380 females) was conducted using a 24-hour recall method. The resulting data on dietary behavior and nutrient intakes were analyzed by the SAS program package. The main results were as follows : 1) Most of the subjects were in their twenties and no obese cases were found. 2) Dietary intake data showed that, except for vitamin C in the female students, the average daily intakes of most nutrients did lot meet the Korean Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA). The study also showed that most of the subjects, especially the female students, were concerned about having satisfactory physical appearances. Fat provided 25% of the daily energy intake, and this level was higher than the 20% recommended by the Korean Dietary Guidelines. In the female students, the iron intake from animal foods was lower than that from plant foods. 3) Male students were not very serious about healthy eating. However, the female group, who obtained a high score in dietary behavior, consumed more vegetables and had higher intakes of energy, protein, Ca, p, vitamin A, and vitamin C than the male group, even though they did not meet the Korean RDA in most nutrients. Energy intake from fats, as a percent of total energy intake, was lower than in the group of females who obtained higher stores in dietary behavior than the other groups. To sum up, the university students surveyed in this study were found to have the typical dietary behavior of young adults, such as frequent eating out and snacking. Female students were extremely conscious of their body images this can exert an important direct influence on their dietary intakes and health status. It is very important for university students to develop healthy lifestyles and desirable dietary behaviors, to best enable them to continue to lead a healthy lift: in their later years.