• Solar Energy
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.37-42
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• 1984

A computer code for an optimum design of solar space and domestic hot water heating system has been developed. The f-chart method developed by S.A. Klein et al. has been incorporated in the present computer code. The main conclusions obtained from the present work may be summarized as follows: (1) In Seoul area, about 46% of the total heating load can be obtained from the solar collectors whose total surface area is about one-third of the total heating floor area. (2) In Pusan area, total area of solar collectors should be about half of the total heating floor area in order to obtain an equivalent solar fraction of Seoul. (3) In cheju area, on the other hand, only about 42% of the total heating floor area of solar collectors is needed to get the same solar fraction as in Seoul and Pusan. (4) In order to get the first 50% solar fraction, only about 10-14 collectors ($4'{\times}8'$ collectors) are required, whereas about 48 collectors are needed to obtain the solar fraction of 100%. That is, roughly 3.5-4.5 times greater number of collectors are required to increase the solar fraction from 50% to 100%. Therefore, it can be concluded that it is relatively inefficient and less economical to build a solar system whose solar fraction exceeds more than 50%.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.140-147
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• 2016

This research aims to establish the size standard of university library's user space, and present the standard and method to calculate total area required in the planning of new building construction and remodeling. Nine university libraries newly constructed or remodeled since 2000 were selected among the libraries of large scale universities with more than 10,000 enrolled students as the target libraries in this research. The target libraries were classified into A group (five cases partially remodeled) and B group (four cases newly constructed or fully remodeled) on the basis of the change of times. A university library can be divided into three spaces (user space, administration space and public space). This research classified the reading room in the user space into bookshelf zone, reading zone, information/office zone and hall/other zone, and analyzed area ratio according to each zone. B group's bookshelf zone decreased 12% more than A group, and B group's reading zone increased 10% more than A group. However, there was no big change in the area ratio of information/office zone and hall/other zone. This can be interpreted that university library changes from book and archive preservation-oriented space to user-oriented space. This research presented a proper reading room area calculation method, based on the capacity of books, by reflecting such a change. Each zone's standard was set up through classification of domestic and international standards, based on which, the calculation method of university library's total floor area required was presented. The reason why there was difference in university library's total floor area required according to domestic standard and international standard was that the number of enrolled students per seat in the reading room was different. The area calculation methods presented in this research can be utilized as useful data upon planning university library construction or remodeling.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.15-23
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• 2017

The WGS conversion project of cadastral drawing (promoted by the Ministry of Land) is not able to reflect the cadastral registration due to subtle differences such as area and location. When converting the digital cadastral region to the world geodetic system, the boundary point coordinates must be changed to the legal coordinate units. However, there is a phenomenon that occurs in which the minute area changes do not coincide with the area registered in the cadastral registration when the coordinate unit is changed. In this study, we have developed a method to adjust many parcels collectively by applying a passive fine-tuning method used in cadastral resurvey project to solve these problems. Total 1, total 2+1, interval 1, interval 2+1, etc. were classified based on the number of parcels that need to be considered for the range of adjustment and the area condition. The analysis of the experimental area (after developing SW for comparison of each method) showed that the total 2+1 method is suitable for the location accuracy and the interval 2+1 method is suitable for the temporal efficiency.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2017

The slope of the road in the forest area has a characteristic of steep slope, so natural disasters such as slope collapse occur. The slope displacement observation technique according to landslide is being studied as a method to observe a wide area and a method to observe a small area. This is a study on high-precision digital map generation using ground LiDAR. It is possible to create a high - precision digital map by minimizing the US side using the 3D LiDAR in the steep slope area where the GPS and Total Station measurement are difficult in the maintenance of the danger slope area. It is difficult to objectively evaluate whether the contour lines generated by LiDAR are correct and it is considered necessary to construct a test bed for this purpose. Based on this study, if terrain changes such as landslides occur in the future, it will be useful for measuring slope displacement.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.41-49
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• 2012

This study aimed to estimate the economic value of the recreational fishing in the Jeonnam marine ranching area as a part of the total socioeconomic evaluation of the Jeonnam marine ranching program. A travel cost method was applied to the estimation of economic value of the recreational fishing in the Jeonnam marine ranching area and input variables included annual fishing trip days, average travel cost per trip, average catch amount, monthly income, marriage, age, and personal perception on the marine ranching program. In the analysis, due to its characteristic of count data, both poisson model and negative binomial model were used. Model results indicated that a negative binomial model was statistically more suitable than the poisson model as the overdispersion problem occurred in the poisson model. All signs of the estimated parameters were estimated as previous studies showed. Based on the results, the economic value per trip of the recreational fishing in the Jeonnam marine ranching area was estimated to be 145,000 won and the annual total economic value of the recreational fishing in the Jeonnam marine ranching area was analyzed to be 2,514,000 won. In addition, the change of total value by catch rate showed that the economic value could be increased by 180,900 won as the catch increased by one kilogram.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.217-225
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• 1993

This study was performed at Sa-Sang Industrial area in Pusan City. To measure the total suspended particulates(T.S.P) and $SO_3$ following places was selected industrial area, down town, residentail area. T.S.P was collected on glass filters by High-Volume Air Sampler, $SO_3$ was measured by PbO2 Candle method. The collected T.S.P was analyzed for various anlon(for example, $NO_3$, $SO_4$, $PO_4$, F, Cl) by ion Chromatography, and Pb by Inductively Coupled Plasma.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.178-186
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• 2018

Generally, in terms of the development of irrigation scheme, the efficient water resource management that supplies the irrigation water in consideration of the required time and accurate quantity to grow the crop should be conducted. The water resource assessment should precede to supply the irrigation water efficiently. The water resources assessment is divided into the water requirement analysis and the water availability assessment. In case of Korea, the major crop is paddy rice unlike crops of Africa, such as sugarcane, maize, and cassava, etc. Because it is not familiar with the method for upland irrigation development in tropical area, it needs to know the water resources assessment for irrigation scheme development about these crops. The Natama Scheme in Chiradzulu District of the Southern Malawi was selected as study area, which has tropical climate. From the collected meteorological data, the evapotranspiration was analyzed by Penman-Monteith Method and the effective rainfall was analyzed by USDA Soil Conservation Service Method. This study displays the results that for study area, the evapotranspiration varies from 2.80 mm/day to 5.51 mm/day and the effective rainfall varied from 2.1mm to 149.0mm. According to the selected crop (Green Maize, Dry Maize), the unit water requirement (UWR) and water demand (WD) considering the irrigation efficiency, irrigation time and irrigation area were estimated to be $0.00122m^3/s/ha$ and $0.0122m^3/s$ respectively. For the water availability assessment, the runoff of Natama scheme was calculated by specific yield method. The water availability was evaluated through reviewed differences of discharge between $Q80_{intake}$ and Total WD, and the irrigation water can be supplied sufficiently in the existing 10ha of Natama scheme. As a result of reviewing the extensibility of irrigable area, total WD of scheme is $0.02313m^3/s$, and $Q80_{intake}$ is $0.02387m^3/s$ ($Q80_{intake}$ > Total WD). Therefore, Natama scheme can be extended from 10 ha to 17 ha in the dry season in consideration of the $Q80_{intake}$.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.65-74
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• 1987

This study was carried out to investigate the bacterial contamination of retailed beef and pork in Seoul area. For this study 44 samples were collected at butcheries and department stores from March to April, 1987 and were examined on the following items. 1. Comparison of bacterial contamination between butcheries and department stores. 2. Degree of bacterial enumeration by repair method of injured microorganisms in the frozen beef and pork. 3. Degree of bacterial contamination in the frozen beef and pork. As the result of this study, the following conclusions were obtained. 1. Difference of bacterial contamination between butcheries and department stores was not significant. 2. Enumeration of total bacterial count by solid repair procedure resulted in about 1.5-fold increase in beef and about 1.8-fold increase in port. 3. Enumeration of total coliform count by liquid repair procedure resulted in about 32.1-fold increase in beef and about 12.0-fold in pork. 4. Salmonella species were not detected, but Staphylococcus species were detected 8 cases (18.2%) in beef, 7 cases (15.9%) in pork. 5. In total bacterial count, all beef samples were lower than 10$^6$/g, but 2 pork samples were higher than 10$^6$/g. 6. The ratio of total coliform count to total bacterial count was 0.07 in beef, 0.05 in pork by standard method and 0.48 in beef, 0.25 in pork by repair method.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.384-391
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• 2016

In this study, regions infected by pine wilt disease were extracted by using object-based classification method (OB-infected region), and the characteristics of special distribution about OB-infected region were figured out. Scale 24, Shape 0.1, Color 0.9, Compactness 0.5, and Smoothness 0.5 was selected as the objected-based, optimal weighted value of OB-infected region classification. The total accuracy of classification was high with 99% and Kappa coefficient was also high with 0.97. The area of OB-infected region was approximately 90 ha, 16% of the total area. The OB-infected region in Age class V and VI was intensively distributed with 97% of the total. Also, The OB-infected region in Middle and Large DBH class was intensively distributed with 99% of the total. In terms of the topographic characteristics of OB-infected region, the damages occurred approximately 86% below the altitude of 200 m, and occurred 91% with a slope less than 10 degree. The damage occurred a lot in low hilly mountain and undulating slope. In addition, the accessibility to road and residential area from OB-infected region was less than 300 m in large part. Overall, it was figured out that artificial effect is stronger than natural effect with regard to the spread of pine wilt disease.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.4
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• pp.608-616
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to suggest contingent valuation method, simple random sampling method, systematic sampling method, maximum practice area method, and overlay practice area method as the estimation methods for forest management area to estimate carbon dioxide sink by forest management as stated in Article 3.4 of the Kyoto Protocol. A case study for Chungcheongbuk-do was performed using maximum practice area method which was thought of as the most rational method within MRV(Measurable, reportable and verifiable). The forest management ratio was defined as forest management area over the total forest area. Based on the definition of forest management activity, forest area was divided into practice forest land and non-practice forest land. The area of forest mangement for practices was based on the 'National Forest Management Information System' and the history of practices from the 'Proposals on Private Management Information Database'. The area of forest management for non-practices was based on the public used forest land from 'Categorial map of forest land'. It was shown that the forest management area of Chuncheongbuk-do was 115,566 ha for practice forest land, and 131,008 ha for non-practice forest land. The forest managent ratio was 49.7% of the total forest area of 495,806 ha. This study made possible to the estimation of the forest management ratio under Kyoto Protocol, and had an advantage in searching for a practical method of forest management plan in which the forest management ratio could be enhanced.