• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.12 no.3_4
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• pp.75-84
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• 1997

Chromatographic retention behavior and separation of various phenol derivatives on a Partisil 10 ODS 3 column-with mobile phase containing $\alpha$-cyclodextrin-were systematically studied. The decrease in k' values caused by the addition of cyclodextrins in the mobile phase was based on the formation of an inclusion complex, resulting in weakening of the hydrophobic interaction between solutes and the stationary phase. The content of the organic solvent in the mobile phase also influenced k' values of the solutes, and k' values increased with a decrease of the content of organic solvent in the mobile phase. A simple equation has been derived that reveals the hyperbolic dependence of the capacity factor on the total concentration of cyclodextrin. A plot of the reciprocal of the capacity factor against (CD)$_T$ gives a straight line and the dissociation constant, K$_D$, of the inclusion complex can be calculated from the slope. The capacity factor decreased with increasing temperature. The enthalpy was calculated from the slope of van't Hoff plots. Under optimum conditions, some mixtures of phenol derivatives were able to separated successfully.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.185-185
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• 2009

Polypropylene beads (PP) coated with $TiO_2$ thin films were prepared by a rotating cylindrical plasma chemical vapor deposition (PCVD) reactor and were used to remove phenol in aqueous solution. The $TiO_2$ thin films of 416 nm thickness were coated on the PP particles uniformly. As the number of $TiO_2$-coated PP beads increases, the phenol is degraded faster, because of larger total surface area of photocatalysts for photodegradation. This study shows that a rotating cylindrical PCVD reactor can be a good method to prepare the particles coated with high-quality $TiO_2$ thin films, which can be applied to the pollutant removal by a photodegradation reaction of $TiO_2$ with high efficiency.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.468-474
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• 2009

Thyme leaves of aerial part in 5 domestic species was extracted by several solvens, and chemical composition of extracts was analyzed by GC-MS to determine the effective solvent for phenol compound extracts. Total phenol contents containing thymol and carvacrol according to methanol extracts of Ulleung island, Jeju middle mountain, Kyeonggido, Jeju alpine species, and Gangwondo were 92.21, 84.92, 77.43, 74.16, and 73.51%, while them of ethanol extracts of Gangwondo, Jeju middle mountain, Kyeonggido, Ulleung island, and Jeju alpine species were in the order of and their contents were 93.64, 93.62, 90.74, 89.52, and 72.65%, separately. Hexane extracts of Gangwondo and Ulleung island thyme were almost composed by phenol contents containing thymol for 100 and 95.71%.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.207-213
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to determine the possibility of using Wasabi japonica Matsum leaves as natural health food source. To accomplish this purpose, the contents of general and antioxidative nutrients of Wasabi japonica Matsum leaves were measured. The contents of carbohydrate, crude protein, crude lipid and ash are 53.41%, 25.00%, 7.95% and 13.64%. And the calories of Wasabi leaves was 385.23 Kcal. Total dietary fiber was 52.27%. The K was the largest mineral followed by Ca, P, Mg which means Wasabi leaves is alkali material. The contents of sinigrin and allyisothiocyanate in the wasabi leaves were 69.2 mg/g and 241.0 mg/g, respectively. Total phenol contents of the hot water extract and the 70% ethanolic extract were $19.44{\pm}0.23$ and $19.33{\pm}1.17mg$ GAE/g, respectively. The total flavonoids content of the hot water extract and the 70% ethanol extract were $7.69{\pm}0.71$ and $19.25{\pm}1.41mg$ QE/g, espectively. The general nutrients and other antioxidant bioactive materials in Wasabi japonica Matsum leaves were also potential materials for good health food.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.120-127
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• 2007

The objective of this research was to evaluate the ability of water and ethanol extracts from mulberry fruit (Morus alba L.) to influence the inhibitory activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and xanthine oxidase(XOase). The total phenol contents and sixteen phenolic compounds were investigated in water and ethanol extracts. In order to understand the factors responsible for the potent antioxidant and antihypertensive ability of mulberry, it has been evaluated for anti-oxidative activity using Fenton's reagent/ethyl linoleate system and for free radical scavenging activity using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl free radical generating system. The total phenol contents and total of phenolic compounds in ethanol extract showed higher levels than water extract in mulberry fruit six phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid, narigin, syringic acid, quercetin, naringenin, kampferol) has a higher individual phenolic compound content in the 60% ethanol extraction than 80% ethanol extract. The inhibitory activity on angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) were highest in 80% ethanol extract (9.0%). Also, activity of xanthine oxidase(XOase) inhibition appeared highest in 80% ethanol extracts and correlated well with the total phenolic content, which was modulated by the concentration of individual phenolic compounds. This result revealed, that strong biological activity was caused by specific phenol compound contents. Utilization of water and ethanol extracts from mulberry fruit are expected to be good candidate for development into source of free radical scavengers and anti-hypertentive activity

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 2011

Objective of this research was to investigate the volatile aroma compounds and phenol contents for preservative effects. Aerial part of 5 Korean natured species of thyme located in Jeju alpine, jeju middle mountain, Kyeonggido, Ulleung island, and Gangwondo was analyzed by thermal desorption gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (TD-GC-MSD) method. Jeju middle mountain thyme was relatively high 62 species and has been investigated a high concentration of $7365.22{\mu}g/m^3$ contents according to the quantitative analysis. Total phenol contents containing thymol and carvacrol of Jeju middle mountain thyme were relatively high and showed 35.92%.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.339-346
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• 2007

The influence of adding urea to phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins as a co-polymer component were investigated aiming at synthesizing useful phenol-urea-formaldehyde resins. Urea was added at 10% by total resin weight. Several methods for the addition of urea to the PF resins during synthesizing resins to see the co-polymerization occurs between urea and PF resins. The urea was added at the beginning, at three different middle stages, and at the end of PF resin synthesis. The copolymerized methylene bridges between phenol and urea molecules were not observed by $^{13}C-NMR;$ no signal around 50ppm. The curing of urea-modified PF resins, evaluated by dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA), showed some differences among the resins. DMA gel times ranged from 2.75 min to 3.25 min and the resins made with earlier urea additions showed slightly shorter gel times. The longest cure time and gelation time was observed for the resin PFU. Catalyst effects on the DMA cure time values of resins were not significant with different amounts of catalyst or different types of catalyst for all resins tested. Gel times of urea-modified PF resins shortened the most by triacetin catalyst.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.386-391
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• 2012

The principal objective of this study was to evaluate the quality characteristics of black garlic milk tofu prepared with five different levels (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2.0%) of black garlic concentrate (BG0~BG4). We conducted the pH, total phenol and flavonoids, Hunter's color values, mechanical characteristics, and a sensory evaluation analysis of black garlic milk tofu. The total phenol and flavonoid content of black garlic concentrate were 1.67mg/100 g and 1.07 mg/100 g. The more black garlic concentrate increased, the more lightness (L) decreased, but redness(a) and yellowness (b) increased. The hardness, gumminess, and chewiness scores significantly increased (p<0.05) in all black garlic milk tofu samples. In color, taste, flavor, texture, and overall quality, the score of milk tofu with 1.0% black garlic concentrate (BG2) increased the most.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.332-337
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• 1994

The antioxidant activity of solvent extracts isolated from barley leaves was investigated by measuring peroxide value. The fractions of methanol extract obtained from preparative TLC was also studies, with UV-Visible spectrum, total phenol contents and hydrogen donating ability(HDA) The antioxidant activity of various solvent extracts was, in decreasing order, methanol> ethyl ether> methylene chloride $\geq$ ethyl acetate $\geq$acetone> hexane. The antioxidant activity of the fractions of methanol extract was, in decreasing order, fraction 2> fraction 3> fraction 1 and their activity was all superior to that of tocopherol at 500 ppm level. All fraction(1, 2 and 3) exhibited a strong UV absorption at 280 m which would be specifically produced by phenolic compound. UV absorption at 280 m of fraction 2 was greater than those of fraction 1 and 3. In the visible spectrum of these fractions, the maximum .absorption wavelengths of fraction 1, 2 and 3 were 660, 460 and 460 m, respectively. Antioxidant activity of barley leaves seemed to be due to the flavonoids containing phenolic group by UV spectrum and total phenol content.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.90-97
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• 2018

Peach seeds contain a large amount of phenolic components and exhibit excellent physiological effects in various diseases. We examined the antioxidant effects of stone and seed of three peach cultivars (Miwhang, MH; Kanoiwa hakuto, KH; and Cheonhong, CH) by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, ferric reducing activity of plasma (FRAP) assay, and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) reduction. The results showed that the stone extracts of CH had higher levels of total phenols and flavonoids than those of the other cultivars do, and the stone extracts of KH and CH have the potential to reduce DPPH, FRAP, and CUPRAC activities. In addition, we found that KH, MH, and CH stone extracts decreased nitric oxide generation in RAW 264.7 and BV2 cells. The total phenol and flavonoid contents had no significant correlation with anti-oxidant activities. On the other hand, the anti-inflammatory activity had a low linear correlation with anti-oxidant activities and total phenol and flavonoid contents. The present results suggest that the correlation between antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of stone and seed, and the appropriate combination of the stone and seed extracts could be used as an anti-inflammatory treatment and prevention material, respectively.