• 보건행정학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2017

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the Hierarchical Condition Category (HCC) model, identify potentially high-cost patients, and examine the effects of adding prior utilization to the risk model using Korean claims data. Methods: We incorporated 2 years of data from the National Health Insurance Services-National Sample Cohort. Five risk models were used to predict health expenditures: model 1 (age/sex groups), model 2 (the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services-HCC with age/sex groups), model 3 (selected 54 HCCs with age/sex groups), model 4 (bed-days of care plus model 3), and model 5 (medication-days plus model 3). We evaluated model performance using $R^2$ at individual level, predictive positive value (PPV) of the top 5% of high-cost patients, and predictive ratio (PR) within subgroups. Results: The suitability of the model, including prior use, bed-days, and medication-days, was better than other models. $R^2$ values were 8%, 39%, 37%, 43%, and 57% with model 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. After being removed the extreme values, the corresponding $R^2$ values were slightly improved in all models. PPVs were 16.4%, 25.2%, 25.1%, 33.8%, and 53.8%. Total expenditure was underpredicted for the highest expenditure group and overpredicted for the four other groups. PR had a tendency to decrease from younger group to older group in both female and male. Conclusion: The risk adjustment models are important in plan payment, reimbursement, profiling, and research. Combined prior use and diagnostic data are more powerful to predict health costs and to identify high-cost patients.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.305-328
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• 2016

이 연구의 목적은 어린이도서관의 경제적 가치와 영향요인을 확인하는 것이다. 이를 위해 6개 어린이도서관의 이용자 중 부모를 대상으로 총 614부의 자료를 수집하였다. 개인당 월 이용료를 지불수단으로 채택하여 조건부가치측정법으로 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 지불의사금액(WTP)은 1인당 월 평균 9,243원으로 추정되었다. 둘째, 지불의사금액에 영향을 미치는 요인은 이용빈도, 만족도, 자녀수, 성별, 나이, 소득 등으로 나타났다. 셋째, 요인별 영향력은 성별을 제외한 나머지 요인 모두 단위가 하나씩 증가할수록 이용빈도(1.140), 만족도(1.335), 자녀수(1.417), 나이(1.124), 소득(2.426) 등으로 지불의사확률이 높았다. 반면에 성별에서는 여성이 남성에 비해 0.364만큼 지불의사확률이 낮았다. 이 연구의 시사점은 현재까지 잘 알려지지 않았던 어린이도서관의 경제적 가치에 대해 실제 이용자를 직접 면담하여 구체적인 금액으로 제시한 점이라고 할 수 있다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.101-128
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• 1992

How to distribute fisheries catches from producer to consumer is very important for everybody joined fisheries marketing channels (FMC), because most people are influenced their revenue and expenditure through marketing channels. Many institutions in Korea after 1960's have tried to develop the rationalization of FMC, but they have not gotten the satisfactory results in general in spite of a lot fruits. Comparing with general manufacturing industry, the fisheries industry has some specializations in the marketing channels. It makes them unique structure included wholesale market system similiar to fresh (perishable) food market with expertised technology. Wholesale market collects, distributes the fisheries catches and evaluates in by auction or bidding without consideration of producer's opinion. It is very necessary institution to make a decision to equatible price for fresh food and to play an important role for marketing effectiveness with minimum total transation and with massed reserve among institutions. But it has two weak points to increase the marketing cost and to make products bad fresh (perishable). Therefore, both Producer and consumer want to find the direct channels not to pass through wholesale market and to get more profit. I wanted to explain what problems of traditional FMC are and why the direct channel is necessary as follows in this paper. Chapter II : The types and specialization of FMC Chapter III : The structure and problem of fisheries wholesale market channel Chapter IV Marketing cost of FMC and direct channel I suggested when the direct channel in FMC is designed, new planner must carry out marketing functions which are performanced by wholesaler, middle man and the joined members of auction at wholesale market. In view of consumption area, these functions are : (1) the finding of production partner to make a business ; (2) communication of information ; (3) collecting ; (4) distribution ; (5) selecting and grading ; (6) evaluating ; (7) financing and payment ; (8) organization, in view of consumption area. The government must support also the group or individual of new direct channels to succeed it with (1) furnishing of market information (2) supplying of land and facility (3) financing (4) feed-back of dierct channels totally (5) making an opportunity of communication between producer and consumer. I want to emphasize again wholesale market is necessary and important institution for equatible price of fresh food in spite of the its weak points. At the same time. the direct channels are necessary to reduce the marketing cost and to keep better fresh food.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.187-210
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• 2006

China continues to experience an expansion of its e-Commerce industry. This is true both for B2C and for B2B sectors. B2C websites are created by various players. B2C E-commerce is divided into three categories in China: online direct sale, online retail, and online booking services. Online retail remains the major form of B2C business, and online booking services and online direct sale also maintained rapid growth. The rapid growth of B2C E-commerce in China was due to three factors. Firstly, the number of Internet users is increasing, which expands E-commerce user base. Secondly, users' acceptance and recognition of E-commerce are gradually increasing. Lastly, improvement on payment, logistics and credit also provides a better and better industrial environment for B2C e-commerce. The B2C sector has seen a low transaction volume in spite of its large number of websites. The B2B sectors has seen a higher transaction volume and more stable growth than the B2C sector. There is a wide range of the total market size estimated by different sources. China's C2C market witnessed rapid growth in 2005, the market growth may slow down in 2006 and 2007, due to heavy market competition, challenges to the business model and slow corporate user growth. But there is the bottlenecks in E-commerce in China. The purpose of this paper is contribute to development E-commerce in China by finding the solutions of the bottlenecks in E-commerce in China.

• 한국방재안전학회논문집
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2012

본 연구는 국내 건설산업에 종사하는 근로자에 대하여 재해율이 가장 높은 추락재해에 대한 직접비용을 분석하였다. 첫째, 건설업에서 추락재해로 인한 1인 평균 보험급여 지급액은 18,971천원 정도이다. 10년 동안 평균 추락재해자 수가 5,863명 일 때 추락재해로 인한 전체 손실 비용은 1,113억6천만원 정도이다. 둘째, 추락재해 비구조적 예방대책으로 비용중심의 경제성을 분석하였다, 예방대책에 대한 비용과 효과를 화폐가치로 표현한 자료가 없기 때문에 추락재해로 인한 재해손실 비용 금액을 새롭게 도입한 예방대책이 얼마나 감소시킬 수 있는가에 초점을 두면서 경제성 분석을 시도하였다. 셋째, 재해손실 규모를 파악하고 아울러 추락재해 원인에 대한 예방대책을 발굴하여 철저하게 시행한다면 재해손실 비용을 줄일 수 있는 가를 파악할 수 있다. 향후 비용중심 접근방법에서 본 재해손실 비용의 감소를 편익으로 추정할 수 있는 연구가 필요하다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.27-38
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• 2016

Backgrounds : Taiwan has similar national health insurance (NHI) system for traditional medicine with South Korea. Recently, new quality improvement policies for traditional medicine is being attempted in Taiwan. Objectives : This study aimed to review the Taiwanese NHI system for Chinese Medicine (CM) and introduce quality improvement policies. Methods : Research articles, reports, government publications and year books which handled traditional medicine system and NHI system in Taiwan were searched and collected. The authors analyzed and summarized the contents in a qualitative manner. Results : In Taiwanese NHI system, CM procedures and medication for outpatients are reimbursed through a mix of fee-for-service and global budget payment system. CM shares 4% of total expenditure of NHI in Taiwan. Mostly, the expenses for procedures are reimbursed regardless of disease type, however, in the specialized program for quality improvement, CM doctors have to comply with standard operating procedures (SOPs). Conclusions : Taiwanese NHI system implemented SOP-based new reimbursement system for CM. Yet, the scientific evidences for SOPs are not sufficient, it can be useful references when we develope disease related reimbursement system for Korean Medicine in South Korea.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.7-19
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 최근 환경재의 편익을 추정하기 위한 목적으로 환경경제학에서 사용하던 CVM을 보행환경개선사업의 가치 추정에 적용하였다. 이를 통해 주민들의 지불의사를 알아보고 보행환경개선사업으로 인한 편익을 정량적으로 산정해 보고자 한다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 쾌적하고 편안한 보행환경이 조성된다는 가상시나리오를 구축하여 보여주고, 지불형태, 지불유도방법 등을 고려하여 보행환경개선 사업지역에 인접해 있는 성북구 주민을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문조사를 토대로 하여 성북구 주민들의 지불의사를 추정해본 결과 보행환경 개선시 매월 627원의 보행환경 개선 부담금을 지불하고자 하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 보행환경 개선으로 인한 연간 총편익을 추정해보면 1,247,516,820원에서 286,305,110원에 이르는 것으로 추정되었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제102권3호
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• pp.338-344
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• 2013

이 연구는 산양삼의 상품 속성에 대하여 소비자들이 얼마만큼의 가치를 부여하고자 하는지를 파악하고 그것에 대한 경제적 가치를 평가하고 한다. 이를 위해 선택실험기법을 이용하였으며, 선택실험기법에 사용된 속성은 재배연령, 식재방법, 산양삼의 몸통 크기, 산양삼의 수염뿌리 길이, 색채 등과 같이 외관 특징에 기초하였다. 분석을 위해 모집단은 서울을 포함한 수도권에 거주하는 일반시민을 대상으로 하였으며, 조사방법은 설문면접조사로 총 173부의 설문지를 획득하였다. 분석결과, 모형은 안정적인 범위에 속하였으며, 응답자는 직파삼에 대하여 가장 높은 가 치를 부여한 반면 몸통크기에 대해서는 상대적으로 그 가치가 낮은 것으로 나타났다.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.141-169
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• 2009

This study investigated the effect of the money resource on the resource use behaviors of undergraduate students. The aim of the study was the examination of the relationship between undergraduate income and clothes-purchasing behavior. A total of 415 undergraduates residing in Gwangju City and Chonnam Province were interviewed by means of a questionnaire. SPSS 12.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Cronbach's $\alpha$, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range analysis and chi-square analysis were all conducted to acquire the results. The main results of this study are as follows. First, the average undergraduate income average was relatively high. Second, the motive for clothing purchases by undergraduates was to buy clothes similar to those which they already had. The undergraduates acquired their purchasing information from past experiences of buying clothes and considered design, quality and color when choosing their clothing. They purchased their clothes at retail stores and on average bought clothes about once a month. Although theaverage monthly expenditure on clothes was over 100,000 won, in general, the undergraduates spent between 50,000 and 100,000 won a month. They mainly paid cash when they purchased their clothes. Third, by analyzing the income, clothes-purchasing behavior, and clothes purchasing frequency of undergraduates, significant statistical differences in average monthly clothes expenditure and payment methods were detected. The results of the study can be used to understand the patterns of undergraduate money resource usage behaviors and can be utilized as an educational resource at home and within educational institutions.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2010

현재 턴키 대안입찰공사에서의 도급내역서 단가가 적정하게 책정되지 않고 있다. 그 사유는 각 입찰제도의 성격 및 그에 따른 단가책정 프로세스가 다르기 때문이며, 이러한 사유로 인하여 턴키 입찰에서는 총액을 맞추기 위한 단가가, 그리고 내역 입찰에서는 저가심의제를 통과하기 위한 단가가 도급내역서에 사용되고 있으면 그 단가는 각 공종별 적정단가라 할 수 없다. 그러나, 도급계약후에는 이러한 단가들이 각 입찰제도의 성격 및 그에 따른 단가책정 프로세스의 고려없이, 모두 도급기성, 설계변경, 물가변동 등 법적 기준단가로 사용되고 있으며, 또한, 저가하도급 판정 기준 및 실적공사단가로도 사용되고 있어 다른 제도에까지 영향을 주고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 시스템은 검증되지 않은 단가를 책정한 입찰자와 발주자에게 모두 리스크 상승요인으로 작용하고 있어, 본 연구에서 그 리스크인자를 규명하고 그 리스크의 정도를 파악하여 향후 그 리스크를 대비하고 관리할 수 있도록 하였다.