• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.436-443
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• 2012

Previous Korean total diet studies (KTDSs) have estimated dietary exposure to toxic chemicals based on 110-120 representative foods selected from over 500 foods appeared in the Korea National Health & Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES), which would result in a possible underestimation. In order to find measures for a closer-to-real estimate of dietary exposure to heavy metals, this study examined the feasibility of mapping foods to the representative foods in the KTDS by comparing estimates. In mapping, those foods not analyzed in the 2009 KTDS (443 out of 559 foods appeared in the 2007 KNHANES) were mapped to the 114 representative foods used in the 2009 KTDS based on the closeness in regards to biological systematics and morphological similarity. Dietary exposures to total mercury and lead were re-estimated using the content of total mercury and lead in 114 foods analyzed in the 2009 KTDS, food intake, and individual's own body weight for respondents in the 2007 KNHANES instead of mean body weight of Koreans used in the 2009 KTDS. The re-estimates of exposure with mapping were approximately 50% higher than the original estimates reported in the 2009 KTDS. In addition, mapping enabled the comparison of percentile distribution of the exposure among populations of different age groups. In conclusion, estimates via mapping resulted in a more comprehensive estimation of dietary exposure to heavy metals present in foods that Koreans consume.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.93-107
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• 1990

The purposes of this investigation were to determine the validity of various methods (available anthropometric equations and near-infrared light interactance) for estimating body fat and to develop multiple regression equations for the prediction of body fat. Thirty-eight healthy males(age: 20.87$\pm$7.17 yrs) and 12 females(19.58$\pm$2.19 yrs) underwent hydrostatic weighing to determine body fat. Anthropometric measurements were taken of height, weight, nin skinfolds and thirteen circumferences. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) Relative body fat determined by underwater weighing was 12.08$\pm$5.21% for the males and 17.97$\pm$5.75% for the females. 2) Circumference and skin fold that had the highest correlation with the body fat were waist girth in males and females(r=0.60, r=0.96, respectively), and subscapular in males(r=0.68) and triceps in females(r=0.96). 3) Corss-validation of 18 selected equations on males revealed total errors ranging from 3.76% to 5.06%. Among these equations, M3(Pollock et al.) demonstrated the least total error. Total error of estimation by near-infrared(NIR) was less than that of available anthropometric measurement equations. The results of the cross-validation of 12 equations on females revealed that F3(Sloan et al.) was clearly superior in accuracy of prediction. 4) Correlational analyses showed that estimation of body fat by NIR measurement seemed to be more closely associated with body fat determined by underwater weighing in women than men, in older subjects than younger ones, and in fatter subjects than leaner ones.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2012

Purpose: This study aims to discover the relation between the sleep duration and quality of adolescents and their body mass index. Methods: The study used data obtained through the 2009 online survey on adolescents health behaviors, targeting a total of 75,066 middle and high school students (39,612 of male students and 35,454 of female students). We first performed t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe's test and then the potential variables which was possibly related to the body mass index are determined from the tests. Using the potential variable, we performed the multiple regression analysis to finally identify the relation between the duration and quality of sleep. Results: As a result, the 39.8% of male students and the 46.5% of female students most frequently respond that the sleep duration was less than 6 hours, and 36.4% of male students and the 45.3% of female students respond that the quality of sleep was not good enough. The body mass index of both the male and the female students portionally decreases to their sleep duration, but the better quality of sleep makes their body mass index higher. Conclusion: In conclusion, the body mass index has some notable relationship with the sleep duration and quality for adolescents. It is advised to consider the sleep duration and quality in the business plans for adolescents in order for the prevention of their body mass index.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.259-264
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• 2013

전신방사선조사는 소아백혈병의 치료 방법 중 하나인 조혈모세포이식의 전처치로 이용되고 있으며, 현재 조직보상체를 사용하여 치료를 시행하고 있다. 그러나 조직보상체의 조건에 따라 인체 내부 장기에 미치는 영향을 직접 평가하는 것은 어려움이 있다. 이에 본 연구는 수학적 모의피폭체를 사용하여 방사선의 에너지와 선원과 환자와의 거리(source surface distance, SSD), 조직보상체와 환자와의 거리 변화에 따라 인체 장기의 선량을 평가하였다. 그 결과, 표면선량은 에너지 4 MV, SSD 280 cm, 조직보상체와 환자와의 거리 30 cm일 때 5.84 G/min 으로 가장 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 또한 조직보상체와 환자와의 거리가 30 cm 이하였을 때 TBI에서 가장 이상적인 선량분포를 나타냄을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this health promotion project for Korean medicine is to promote the health of climacteric women in Boeun-gun. Methods: During the project, pressure needle acupuncture treatment, herbal medicine treatment, meditation pore therapy, and health education were conducted. To evaluate the results, basic health surveys (body height, body composition test, blood pressure etc.), female hormone tests, Kupperman's index (KI), Menopause-specific quality of life questionnaire (MENQOL), and Perceived stress scales (PSS) were conducted. Results: No significant change was observed in the body composition test and blood pressure after the project. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) was significantly increased after the project, but Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and total estrogen levels were not significantly changed. KI and MENQOL scores significantly decreased after the project, and significantly decreased in 4 out of 11 items of KI and 3 out of 4 domains of MEMQOL. No significant change was observed in the PSS score after the project. Conclusions: From the results of this project, it can be seen that the Korean medicine health promotion project can help alleviate symptoms of climacteric syndrome and postmenopausal syndrome.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.783-794
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• 1995

영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원 종합건강진단센터에서 1994년 5월 20일부터 9월 30일까지 종합건강진단을 받은 성인 661명(남 472명, 여 189명)을 대상으로 이들의 신장, 체중, 혈청지질치(총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 고밀도 지단백), 혈압과 impedance를 측정하였고, 이들 측정치를 이용하여 체질량지수, Katsura 지수, 동맥경화지수, 저밀도 지단백, 체지방 비율을 산출하여 체지방 비율과 혈청 지질치 및 혈압과의 관련성을 규명하였다. 체지방 비율에 따른 분포는 남자의 경우 체지방 비율이 20% 이상인 제1군이 15명(3.2%), 여자의 경우 25% 이상인 제 1군이 7명 (3.7%)으로 나타났다. 체중은 남자와 여자에서 체지방 비율에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었으나(p<0.01)신장은 세 군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 남자에서는 총 콜레스테롤치, 중성지방치, 고밀도 지단백, 저밀도 저단백, 동맥경화지수가 세군간에 유의한 차이가 있었고(p<0.01) 여자에서는 총 콜레스테롤과 저밀도 지단백은 세 군간에 유의한 차이가 있었으나(p<0.05) 중성지방치, 고밀도 지단백은 세 군간에 차이가 없었다. 체질량지수와 Katsura 지수는 남녀 모두에서 세 군간에 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.01). 상관관계분석에서는 체지방 비율이 남자에서는 체중, 체질량지수, Katsura 지수, 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 저밀도 지단백, 동맥경화지수, 수축기 및 확장기 혈압과 유의한 상관관계가 있었고 고밀도 지단백과는 유의한 역상관관계가 있었다. 여자에서는 체지방 비율이 나이, 신장, 체중, 체질량지수, Katsura 지수, 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 저밀도 지단백, 동맥경화지수와 유의한 상관관계가 있었고 고밀도 지단백과는 유의한 역상관관계가 있었으나 혈압과는 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 심혈관계질환의 위험인자인 총 콜레스테롤과 LDL/HDL비를 종속변수로 하고 나이, 체질량지수, 체지방 비율을 독립변수로 한 다중회귀분석에서 총 콜레스테롤의 경우 남자에서는 체지방 비율, 나이, 체질량지수 모두가 총 콜레스테롤에 유의한 영향을 미치는 변수로 나왔으며$(R^2=0.1286)$, 여자에서는 체지방 비율과 나이가 유의한 영향을 미치는 변수였다$(R^2=0.3399)$. LDL/HDL비의 경우는 남자에서 체질량지수만이 유의한 영향을 미치는 변수였고$(R^2=0.0954)$, 여자에서는 체지방 비율, 나이, 체질량지수 모두가 유의한 영향을 미치는 변수였다$(R^2=0.3164)$. 수축기 및 확장기 혈압을 종속변수로 한 다중회귀 분석에서는 남자에서는 수축기 혈압에 나이, 저밀도 지단백, 총 콜레스테롤이 유의한 영향을 미치는 변수였고$(R^2=0.1297)$, 확장기 혈압에는 나이만이 유의한 영향을 미치는 변수였다$(R^2=0.0972)$. 여자에서는 수측기 혈압에 나이와 총 콜레스테롤이 유의한 영향을 미치는 변수였고$(R^2=0.1705)$, 확장기 혈압에는 나이만이 유의한 영향을 미치는 변수였다$(R^2=0.1218)$. 이상의 결과에서 체지방 비율은 비만이나 혈청 지질치는 잘 반영한다고 생각할 수 있으나 혈압을 반영하는데는 미흡한 점이 있다고 생각되며 앞으로 체지방 비율과 혈청 지질치 및 혈압과의 관련성을 확립하기 위해서는 본 연구에서 고려하지 않은 혈압에 미치는 다른 요인들을 독립변수로 고려한 추가 보완 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.185-198
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to compare food habits and nutrient intakes with body mass index of hypertensive patients commuting to a Local Health Center. A total of 85 patients were divided into two groups according to BMI. The non-obese group comprised 43 subjects with BMI below 25㎏/$m^2$ , while the obese group comprised 42 subjects with BMI above 25㎏/$m^2$ . All Subjects were interviewed for general characteristics, food habits, clinical characteristics, effort for health maintenance and the knowledge of hypertension and nutrition. Anthropometric assessments such as weight, height, waist-hip ratio and biochemical measurement of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and fasting blood glucose(FBG) were obtained from subjects. In general characteristics, smoking, drinking, exercise, and hypertension status were not significantly different between the two groups. Food habits and the means of daily energy and nutrients were not significantly different between the two groups. An analysis of the percentage of RDA(Recommended Dietary Allowances of Korea, 2000) consumed by patients showed that but for ascorbic acid and phosphorus, all nutrients were below the RDA. And intakes of vitamin $B_1$(P<0.001), vitamin $B_2$(P<0.01), niacin(P<0.001) of the obese group were significantly lower than that of the non-obese group. Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and fasting blood glucose were in the normal range and there was not a significant difference in the two groups. Therefore, more effective nutrition education programs about exercise, smoking, caloric intake, vitamins and minerals are required for hypertensive patients commuting to Local Health Center.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.110-122
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• 2006

Objective : This study was conducted to quantify chronic lead exposure from various media(ie. working environment, food, ambient air), and to certify the usefulness of exposure assessment using Monte-Carlo simulation in the fields of occupational health. Methods : Data were obtained from Korean Industrial Health Association, Korea Food and Drug Administration, and the Ministry of Environment. Then lead worker's exposure was estimated indirectly from various media and parameters (ie. volume inhaled, body weight, dietary intake, etc.). Uncertainty was analyzed by Monte Carlo simulation with Crystal Ball software. Exposure doses and hazard indices were simulated with various hypothetical scenarios including weekly working hours and respiratory protective equipment. Results : Without respiratory protective equipment, the total exposure dose per kilogram of body weight of lead workers was estimated as $5.45{\times}10^{-3}mg/kg/day$, and hazard index was estimated as 2.26, and exposure contributions were calculated as follows : working environment(82.42 %); foods(17.57 %); and ambient air(0.01 %). But, if working condition has changed - reduction of working hours and using respiratory protective equipment, the total exposure dose per kilogram of body weight was estimated between $1.34{\times}10^{-3}-1.49{\times}10^{-3}mg/kg/day$, and hazard index was estimated between 0.56 - 0.62. Conclusions : This study suggested that occurrence of hazardous impact(ie. increased blood pressure) through lifetime lead exposure would be expected, and that the Monte-Carlo simulation was useful for the fields of occupational health.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.806-820
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• 1996

The relationship between exercise and hone mineral density (BMD) was investigated in 153 healthy women. The BMD of lumbar spine, femur(neck, ward's triangle, trochanter) and total body was determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in a group subjects(65) aged 19-59 years who had been exercising(swimming or aerobic dancing) regularly for at least 2 years as well as in a similar group of nonexercising control subjects(88). Weight, height, total lean body mass(=weight-total fat body mass-bone mineral content), animal and meat Ca, Ca index, energy expenditure, BMD, PYD/Cr were significantly higher in the exercisers than the controls. There were significantly negative correlations between age, ALP and osteocalcin and BMD, but significantly positive correlations between weight, BMI, total fat body mass and total lean body mass and BMD. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that total lean body mass may be a better independent predictor to BMD than total fat body mass. The nutrient intakes were more closely related to BMD in the exercisers than the controls, but energy expenditure was more closely related to BMD in the controls than the exercisers Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that BMD was closely related to menopause, osteocalcin, age, weight in both groups but energy intake in the exercisers alone, energy expenditure in control alone. In premenopausal women, the exercisers had significantly greater BMD than the controls. But, in postmenopausal women, no significant difference between two groups was detected. When compared to BMD of the subjects with same age range to minimize the effect of age, aerobic dancing appears to be capable of exerting a positive effect on BMD in a group of subjects aged 19-44. However, no relationship of the swimming to BMD could be identified in a group of subjects aged 37-59. The results of this study suggest that the usefulness of exercisng appears to be significantly greater in preemenopausal women than postmenoparusal women and weight bearing activity, aerobic dancing is associated with increasing BMD at the weight bearing sites and could be beneficial in the prevention of bone loss. But the usefulness of swimming on bone should be further investgated.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.384-390
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• 2012

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered to be a serious metabolic disease which may cause systemic complications. The present study was designed to clarify a difference on stress, physiological variables and their correlation between diabetic (DM group) and nondiabetic adults (control group). The levels of body weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, body mass index, body fat mass, total cholesterol (TcH), triglyceride (TG), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), total bilirubin (TB), autonomic balance (AB), stress index (SI), fatigue index (FI), and heart rate (HR) were all significantly higher in the DM group than in the control group. However, the levels of autonomic activity (AA), stress resistance (SR), and electrocardiac stability (ES) were significantly lower in the DM group than in the control group. The percentages of persons with abnormal levels in the Tch, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, TG, AST, ALT and GGT were significantly greater in the DM group than in the control group. In the correlation of glucose and hemoglobin A1c (HBA1c) to stress indices, the DM group had a significant relationship with AB, SR, SI, FI, ES, and HR, whereas the control group had no significant relationship with these, excepting AB. These results suggest that DM was harmfully associated with body, biochemical and stress indices and that blood glucose and HBA1c levels must be exhaustively regulated.