• Composites Research
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.207-212
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• 2014

The shape optimization of composite flexbeam sections of a bearingless helicopter rotor is studied using a finite element (FE) sectional analysis integrated with an efficient evolutionary optimization algorithm called particle swarm assisted genetic algorithm (PSGA). The sectional optimization framework is developed by automating the processes for geometry and mesh generation, and the sectional analysis to compute the elastic and inertial properties. Several section shapes are explored, modeled using quadratic B-splines with control points as design variables, through a multiobjective design optimization aiming minimum torsional stiffness, lag bending stiffness, and sectional mass while maximizing the critical strength ratio. The constraints are imposed on the mass, stiffnesses, and critical strength ratio corresponding to multiple design load cases. The optimal results reveal a simpler and better feasible section with double-H shape compared to the triple-H shape of the baseline where reductions of 9.46%, 67.44% and 30% each are reported in torsional stiffness, lag bending stiffness, and sectional mass, respectively, with critical strength ratio greater than 1.5.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.389-402
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• 2008

In December 2005, one(A) of the two pre-engineered warehouse buildings in the port of K City of Korea was completely destroyed and the other(B) was seriously damaged to be demolished. Over-loaded snow and unexpected blast of wind were the causes of the accident and destructive behavior was brittle fracture caused by web local buckling and lateral torsional buckling at the flange below rafter. However, the architectural design technology of today based on material non-linear method does not consider the tolerances to solve the problem of such brittle fracture. So, geometric non-linear evaluation which includes initial deformation, width-thickness ratio, web stiffener and unbraced length is required. This study evaluates the structural safety of 4 models in terms of width-thickness ratio and unbraced length using ANSYS 9.0 with parameters such as width-thickness ratio of web, existence/non-existence of stiffener and unbraced length. The purpose of this study is to analyze destructive mechanism of the above-mentioned two warehouse buildings and to provide ways to promote the safety of pre-engineered buildings.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.43-55
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• 2008

비틂시험에서 전단탄성계수와 감쇠비에 상응하는 변형률 산정의 복잡성은 여러 방법에 의하여 해결되어 왔다. 특히, 수정 등가반경법은 공진주/비틂전단 시험의 모든 변형률 영역에서 변형률에 따른 등가반경비 곡선을 보다 효과적으로 나타내는데 적합하다. 감쇠비 산정시 수정 등가반경법을 쌍곡선 모델, 수정 쌍곡선 모델, 램버그오스굿 모델등에 적용시켜 보았다. 연구결과는 감쇠비 산정시 재래식 등가반경법에 의한 하나의 등가반경 수치를 사용하는 것은 적절치 않다는 것을 보여주었다. 이력감쇠뿐 아니라 미소변형률 영역에서의 흙의 감쇠 현상을 고려하기 위하여 새로운 모델이 개발되었고, 이러한 두 가지 복합감쇠에 상응하는 변형률 산정시 부가적 조정이 필요한지 검토해 보았다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.157-165
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 선철의 제조과정에서 부산물로 발생되는 수경성 입도조정 고로 슬래그(이하HMS-25라 함)의 철도 노반재로서의 적용성 및 성능평가 검토를 하였다. 실험은 기본물성 측정을 위한실내시험, 일축압축강도시험 및 정ㆍ동적 특성분석을 위한 모형토조실험 및 공진주/비틂 전단시험을 실시하였다. HMS-25의 일축압축강도시험 결과, 수경성에 의한 강도 증진 효과를 확인하였다. 토조시헌에서는 HMS-25를 이용하여 조성한 노반이 흙노반에 비해 지지력 및 침하량측면에서 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 공진주/비틂전단시험에서는 전단탄성계수는 구속압의 0.5 제곱으로 증가하였으며, 재령에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.281-301
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• 2004

The paper begins by presenting a unified variational approach to the lateral-torsional buckling (LTB) analysis of doubly symmetric prismatic and tapered thin-walled beams with open cross-sections, which accounts for the influence of the pre-buckling deflections. This approach (i) extends the kinematical assumptions usually adopted for prismatic beams, (ii) consistently uses shell membrane theory in general coordinates and (iii) adopts Trefftz's criterion to perform the bifurcation analysis. The proposed formulation is then applied to investigate the influence of the pre-buckling deflections on the LTB behaviour of prismatic and web-tapered I-section simply supported beams and cantilevers. After establishing an interesting analytical result, valid for prismatic members with shear centre loading, several elastic critical moments/loads are presented, discussed and, when possible, also compared with values reported in the literature. These numerical results, which are obtained by means of the Rayleigh-Ritz method, (i) highlight the qualitative differences existing between the LTB behaviours of simply supported beams and cantilevers and (ii) illustrate how the influence of the pre-buckling deflections on LTB is affected by a number of factors, namely ($ii_1$) the minor-to-major inertia ratio, ($ii_2$) the beam length, ($ii_3$) the location of the load point of application and ($ii_4$) the bending moment diagram shape.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2002

적층된 박벽 복합재료 보의 자유 진동에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 박벽 C형강 복합재료의 동적 거동에 적용 가능한 일반적인 해석 모델을 개발하였다. 이 모델은 classical lamination theory를 기초로 두고 있으며, 임의의 적층 상태의 구성 즉, 대칭뿐만 아니라 비대칭의 적층 상태, 그리고 다양한 경계조건에 따른 휨과 비틀림 형상의 연계(coupling)을 설명하였다. 변위를 기반으로 한 일차원 유한 요소 모델은 박벽 복합재료 보의 고유 진동수와 그에 대응하는 진동 모드를 예측하기 위해 개발되었다. 운동방정식은 Hamiton의 원리로부터 유도되었으며, 수치적인 결과는 박벽 복합재 보에서 복합재료의 진동수와 모드 형상에 대해 적층각, 계수비, 그리고 경계조건의 영향을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.3-12
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• 1975

As for two dimensional added mass coefficients for straight framed hull forms in a free surface of an ideal fluid, theoretical calculations by F.M. Lewis, vertical, K. Wendel, J.H. Hwang, and etc. are available; vertical modes of rectangular and triangle sections by Lewis, vertical, horizontal and torsional models of rectangular and triangle section by Wendel, and systematical calculations for vertical modes of single chine forms by Hwang. In this paper, employing the conformal transformation by which a unit circle and its exterior region can conformally mapped to a polygon and its exterior region, the author calculated two dimensional added inertia coefficients systematically for straight framed sections with single chine in horizontal and torsional modes of vibrations. As the results, it was found that sloping side angle is an important factor measuring the magnitude of two dimensional added inertia coefficient for a set of given values of the sectional area coefficient and the beam-draft ratio. To grasp it cleary in physical sense, pressure distributions are investigated for some typical section contours. The numerical results are presented graphically in the form of two dimensional added sectional area coefficients with beam-draft ratios and sloping side angles as parameters, so that the data may conveniently utilized for estimation of the added inertia coefficients based on a three parameter technique.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2013

The dynamic characteristics of west coast sand were investigated in order to evaluate the design properties of the offshore wind turbine foundations to be constructed in the West Sea. Torsional shear tests were performed at different confining pressures and densities on specimens constituted by the dry fluviation method. The strain-dependent shear modulus and damping curves were obtained, together with modulus degradation curves. The results show that the confining pressure is more influential on the dynamic characteristics of the sand than the density. It was also found that the dynamic curves from this study were similar to those proposed by others. The modulus degradation ratio $G/G_{1st}$ varies slightly at a small strain level, but increases significantly once beyond the intermediate strain level.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2022

When the center of stiffness and the center of mass of the structure differ under the seismic load, torsion is caused by eccentricity. In this study, an analysis model was modeled in which the positions of the core and the plane rotation axis of a 60-story torsional atypical structure with a plane rotation angle of 1 degree per floor were different. The structural behavior of the analysis model was analyzed, and the earthquake response behavior of the structure was analyzed based on the time history analysis results. As a result, as the eccentricity of the structure increased, the eccentricity response was amplified in the high-rise part, and the bending and torsional behavior responses were complex in the low-order vibration mode. As a result of the analysis, the maximum displacement and story drift ratio increased due to the torsional behavior. The maximum story shear force and the story absolute maximum acceleration showed similarities for each analysis model according to the shape of the vibration mode of the analysis model.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2010

In order to analyze the vibro-impacts in the torsional system, several clearance types of nonlinearities should be included with the analytical or numerical method. These kinds of nonlinear factors can cause the errors while the system is calculated specifically with the numerical method, also it might take too long to get right answers with the every nonlinearity in the original system. Therefore, there are several methods developed for the sake of overcoming the deficiency of the analysis with the original system and saving the calculating time. The original system can be reduced by keeping the system characteristics such as from 14 to 6 DOF. Especially, since the torque flow in the torsional system is connected with the specific gear ratios, the original system can be transferred into the simpler system corresponding to each gear ratio rather than the original system, which can also show the same system characteristics such as the natural frequencies and the mode shapes. By using the reduced system, the calculating time can be saved and the redundant nonlinear effects for the system analysis can be ignored without any numerical errors.