• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.321-328
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• 2012

We have designed a 30 cm cryogenic space infrared telescope for astronomical observation. The telescope is designed to observe in the wavelength range of 0.5~2.1 ${\mu}m$, when it is cooled down to 77 K. The result of the preliminary design of the support structure and support method of the mirror of a 30 cm cryogenic space infrared telescope is shown in this paper. As a Cassegrain prescription, the optical system of a 30 cm cryogenic space infrared telescope has a focal ratio of f/3.1 with a 300 mm primary mirror (M-1) and 113 mm secondary mirror (M-2). The material of the whole structure including mirrors is aluminum alloy (Al6061-T6). Flexures that can withstand random vibration were designed, and it was validated through opto-mechanical analysis that both primary and secondary mirrors, which are assembled in the support structure, meet the requirement of root mean square wavefront error < ${\lambda}/8$ for all gravity direction. Additionally, when the M-1 and flexures are assembled by bolts, the effect of thermal stress occurring from a stainless steel bolt when cooled and bolt torque on the M-1 was analyzed.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제62권12호
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• pp.1668-1677
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• 2013

This paper deals with the power loss and thermal characteristics of induction motor for machine tools according to the rated power and speed. To reduce the fabrication error by thermal strain in rotational machine tools, we calculated the power loss and thermal behavior of induction motors. Firstly, the inverse design of general induction motors for machine tool spindle has been performed. The inverse design results are compared with the torque-speed characteristic curve in motor's catalog. The power loss are calculated by finite element method(FEM) at rated condition. Secondary, the transient thermal characteristics of induction motors are calculated by equivalent thermal resistance model from Motor-CAD S/W. The inverse design, power loss and thermal behavior calculation for induction motors with various rated power and speed has been performed. Finally, to verify the design and calculation process of induction motor, we implemented the experimental set with 0.4kW 1710rpm class industrial induction motor model. The obtained thermal characteristics of experimental model confirmed that the design and power loss calculation processes are appropriate to the prediction of thermal strain in rotational machine tools.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.108-115
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• 2015

Electro-mechanical actuator installed on aircraft consists of a decelerator which magnifies the torque in order to rotate an axis connected with aircraft control surface, a control section which controls the motor assembly through receiving orders from cockpit and a motor assembly which rotates the decelerator. Electro-mechanical actuator controls aircraft altitude, position, landing, takeoff, etc. It is an important part of a aircraft. Aircraft maneuvering causes vibrations to electro-mechanical actuator. Vibrations may result in structural fatigue. For that reason, it is necessary to analyze the system structural safety. In order to analyze the system structural safety. It is needed reasonable finite element model and structural response stress closed to real value. In this paper, analytic model is derived by using the simplified finite element model, and damping ratio which is closely related to response stress is derived by using modal test. So, we developed analytic model in less than 10 % error rate, compared with modal test. Vibration response stress close to real value was estimated from analytic model modified with modal experimental damping ratio. Estimation method for damping ratio with empirical formula was suggested partly. Finally, It was proved that electro-mechanical actuator had reasonable structure margin of safety at environmental random $3{\sigma}$ stress during life cycle.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.447-453
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• 2016

The reduction technologies of exhaust gas from both the off-road engine and on-road vehicles are important. It is possible to apply various combustion technologies with engines after the application of a treatment technology to this field. In this study, main injection timing, pilot injection timing, and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rate were selected as the experimental parameters whose effects on the emission of exhaust gases and on the fuel consumption characteristics were to be determined. In the experiment, the emission of nitrogen oxide (NOx) and Smoke, and the Torque at the same fuel consumption level, were measured. The experimental data were analyzed using the Taguchi method with an L9 orthogonal array. Additionally, analysis of variation (ANOVA) was used to confirm the influence of each parameter. Consequently, the level of each parameter was selected based on the signal-to-noise ratio data (main injection timing, 3; pilot injection timing, 3; EGR rate, 2), and the results of the Taguchi prediction were verified experimentally (error: NOx, 10.3 %; Smoke, 6.6 %; brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), 0.6 %).

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.21-33
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• 2014

Background: Significant technological development and changes happened in the tractor industries. Contrariwise, the test procedures of the major standard development organizations (SDO's) remained unchanged or with a little modification over the years, demanding new tractor test standards or improvement of existing ones for tractor performance, safety, and comfort. Purpose: This study focuses on reviewing the research trends regarding performance, safety and comfort evaluation of agricultural tractors. Based on this review, few recommendations were proposed to revise or improve the current test standards. Review: Tractor power take-off power test using the DC electric dynamometer reduced human error in the testing process and increased the accuracy of the test results. GPS signals were used to determine acceleration and converted into torque. High capacity double extended octagonal ring dynamometer has been designed to measure drawbar forces. Numerical optimization methodology has been used to design three-point hitch. Numerous technologies, driving strategies, and transmission characteristics are being considered for reducing emissions of gaseous and particulate pollutants. Engine emission control technology standards need to be revised to meet the exhaust regulations for agricultural tractors. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) program has been used to design Roll-Over Protective Structures (ROPS). Program and methodology has been presented for testing tractor brake systems. Whole-body vibration emission levels have been found to be very dependent upon the nature of field operation performed, and the test track techniques required development/adaptation to improve their suitability during standardized assessment. Emphasizes should be given to improve visibility and thermal environment inside the cab for tractor operator. Tractors need to be evaluated under electromagnetic compatibility test conditions due to large growing of electronic devices. Research trends reviewed in this paper can be considered for possible revision or improvement of tractor performance, safety, and comfort test standards.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2008

전동기의 카오스 현상은 실시간 구현에 있어 바람직하지 않은 동특성으로서, 일반적으로 정상상태에서 전동기 속도가 진동을 한다든지 토크가 랜덤하게 변하는 특징이 있다. 본 논문은 카오스 현상을 갖는 영구자석형 동기 전동기의 적응제어기법을 제안한다. 전동기의 계수(parameter)는 어느 범위 안에서 랜덤하게 변화하는 시변특성을 갖는다. 제어기 설계는 우선, 전동기의 비선형 시스템 모델을 공칭 선형시스템 이론을 적용하여 선형화한다. 또한 실시간에서 시스템 계수의 변화로 인해 발생하는 제어오차를 보상하기 위한 보조제어기법을 제안하며 리아푸노브 안정성 이론을 적용하여 그 제어규칙을 산출한다. 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통하여 제안한 제어기법의 타당성 및 신뢰성을 검증하며 기존의 제어기법과 비교 분석하여 성능의 우수성을 입증하였다. 또한 PSoC(Programmable System-on-Chip)기반 구동 드라이브를 포함하는 실시간 전동기의 제어시스템 실험을 통해 실제 적용가능성을 검증한다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2000

The stewart platform manipulator proposed by stewart is the parallel manipulator which is composed of several independent actuators connecting the upper plate with the base plate and capable of executing a six degree of freedom motion. The manipulator has a structure of a closed loop form, and provides better load-to-weight ratio and ratio and rigidity than a serial manipulator with an open loop form. Moreover, the manipulator has high positional accuracy because position errors of actuators are not additive. Because of these advantages, this manipulator is widely used in many engineering applications such as a driving simulator, a tool of machining center, a force/torque sensor and so on. When this Stewart platform manipulator is controlled in joint space, it is difficult to design a controller using an analytic method due to nonhnearity and unknown parameters of actuators. Therefore, a PID controller is often used because of easiness in applications. To find the PID control gain, a trial-and-error method is generally used. This method is time-consuming, and does not guarantee a optimal gain. Thus, this paper proposes a GA-PID controller which selects an optimal PID control gain using genetic algorithms. And this proposed controller is evaluated experimentally and shows acceptable performance.

• 센서학회지
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.55-62
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• 1996

본 논문에서는 개발된 편광방식 스테레오 모니터링(KAERI-PSM) 시스템의 성능을 평가하기 위해 6 D.O.F의 퓨마 로보트를 이용한 원격조작 실험을 수행하였다. 카메라의 관측각도를 달리하는 3가지 원격조작실험은 6명의 실험자가 힘반향 조이스틱을 사용하여 로보트 암을 (1) 직접 (2) 일반 모니터 (3) 동기방식 스테레오 영상 모니터 및 (4) 개발된 편광방식 스테레오 영상 모니터를 통하여 보면서 6가지의 조합된 방법으로 총 36번 수행하여 걸린 평균 시간과 평균 에러 발생 수를 비교하는 것이다. 실험 결과 스테레오 영상 모니터를 사용한 원격작업은 일반 모니터를 이용했을 때 보다 훨씬 짧은 시간에 정확히 수행할 수 있었으며, 물체 이동에 대한 카메라의 각도가 실험의 주요한 변수가 됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한 동기방식과 편광방식의 비교에서 속도와 정확도 면에서는 두 방식이 비슷했으나 눈의 피로도로 인한 작업의 안정성 측면에서는 편광방식이 우수함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.361-366
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• 2012

본 논문은 퍼지 제어기를 이용하여 전기 이륜차의 속도를 제어한다. 전기 이륜차는 스로틀에 대하여 빠른 응답성과, 정속주행 시 안정성이 요구 된다. 그러나 현재 양산중인 전기 이륜차는 1.5KW(50cc)급으로 탑승자 및 수화물 중량, 도로 상태(비포장 길, 아스팔트 길) 및 바람의 저항 등 부하 변동에 따라 속도 변화가 매우 크므로 정속 주행이 어려우며, 오르막길과 내리막길의 경사도에 따라 급격한 속도 변화가 발생된다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 속도의 오차와 오차의 변화량을 퍼지 제어기의 입력 값으로 사용하고, 모터의 Q축 제어 량을 퍼지 제어기의 출력 값으로 설정 하여 퍼지 제어기를 구성하였다. 모터의 D축 제어 량은 Q축 제어 량에 비례적으로 설정하여 매입형 영구 자석 동기 전동기(Interior Permanent Magnet synchronous Motor, IPMSM)를 장착한 전기 이륜차를 구동하였다. 본 논문에 적용된 제어 대상은 1.5KW급 전기이륜차로서 모터의 속도 제어를 위하여 제안된 알고리즘을 이용한 퍼지 제어기를 사용 하였으며, 매입형 영구 자석 동기전동기의 토크 제어를 위하여 D, Q축 전류 제어기를 사용 하였다. 제안된 알고리즘을 이용한 퍼지 제어기는 설정된 속도를 잘 추종하였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.127-132
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• 2009

In the working population, muscle fatigue and musculoskeletal discomfort are common, which, in the case of insufficient recovery may lead to musculoskeletal pain. Workers suffering from musculoskeletal pains need to be rehabilitated for recovery. Isokinetic testing has been used in physical strengthening, rehabilitation and post-operative orthopedic surgery. Frequency analysis of electromyography (EMG) signals using the mean frequency (MNF) has been widely used to characterize muscle fatigue. During isokinetic contractions, EMG signals present strong nonstationarities. Hilbert-Haung transform (HHT) and autoregressive (AR) model have been known more suitable than Fourier or wavelet transform for nonstationary signals. Moreover, several analyses have been performed within each active phase during isokinetic contractions. Thus, the aims of this study were i) to determine which one was better suitable for the analysis of MNF between HHT and AR model during repetitive maximum isokinetic extensions and ii) to investigate whether the analysis could be repeated for sequential fixed epoch lengths. Seven healthy volunteers (five males and two females) performed isokinetic knee extensions at $60^{\circ}/s$ and $240^{\circ}/s$ until 50% of the maximum peak torque was reached. Surface EMG signals were recorded from the rectus femoris of the right thigh. An algorithm detecting the onset and offset of EMG signals was applied to extract each active phase of the muscle. Following the results, slopes from the least-square error linear regression of MNF values showed that muscle fatigue of all subjects occurred. The AR model is better suited than HHT for estimating MNF from nonstationary EMG signals during isokinetic knee extensions. Moreover, the linear regression can be extracted from MNF values calculated by sequential fixed epoch lengths (p> 0.0I).