• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.667-686
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• 2014

Tapered concrete filled double skin steel tubular (CFDST) columns have been used in China for structures such as electricity transmission towers. In practice, the bearing capacity related to the connection details on the top of the column is not fully understood. In this paper, the experimental behaviour of tapered CFDST stub columns subjected to axial partial compression is reported, sixteen specimens with top endplate and ten specimens without top endplate were tested. The test parameters included: (1) tapered angle, (2) top endplate thickness, and (3) partial compression area ratio. Test results show that the tapered CFDST stub columns under axial partial compression behaved in a ductile manner. The axial partial compressive behaviour and the failure modes of the tapered CFDST stub columns were significantly influenced by the parameters investigated. Finally, a simple formula for predicting the cross-sectional capacity of the tapered CFDST sections under axial partial compression is proposed.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2001

Top-to-bottom compression strength of corrugated fiberboard boxes is partly dependent on the load-carrying ability of the central panel areas. The ability of these central areas to resist bending under load will increase the stacking strength of the box. The difference of box compression strengths, among boxes which are made with identical dimensions and fabricated with same components but different flute sizes, is primarily due to difference of the flexural stiffness of the box panels. Top-to-bottom compression strength of a box is accurately predicted by flexural stiffness measurements and the edge crush test of the combined boards. This study was carried out to analyze the flexural stiffness, maximum bending force and maximum deflection for various corrugated fiberboards by experimental investigation. There were significant differences between the machine direction (MD) and the cross-machine direction (CD) of corrugated fiberboards tested. It was about 50% in SW and DW, and $62%{\sim}74%$ in dual-medium corrugated fiberboards(e.g. DM, DMA and DMB), respectively. There were no significant differences of maximum deflection in machine direction among the tested fiberboards but, in cross direction, DM showed the highest value and followed by SW, DMA, DMB and DW in order. For the corrugated fiberboards tested, flexural stiffness in machine direction is about $29%{\sim}48%$ larger than cross direction, and difference of flexural stiffness between the two direction is the lowest in DMA and DMB.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2000

In simply supported composite beams, the neutral axis of the composite cross section usually is located the top flange of the steel I-shape, so that the top flange does not impart much strength to the member. This suggests that omitting the top flange entirely could be a means to lower the cost of the beam without greatly reducing the strength. The purpose of this investigation is to research flexural strength and behavior of the composite beams with reduced top flange of steel. Five specimens with H and inverted T steel section were tested. As the test results, comparison of the experimental to computed full-plastic moment, and variations of flexural strength with reduced top flange were analyzed.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.17-23
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• 1999

Top-to-bottom compression strength of corrugated fiberboard boxes is partly dependent on the load-carrying ability of the central panel areas. The ability of these central areas to resist bending under load will increase the stacking strength of the box. The difference of box compression strengths, among boxes which are made with identical dimensions and fabricated with same components but different flute sizes, is primarily due to difference of the flexural stiffness of the box panels. Top-to-bottom compression strength of a box is accurately predicted by flexural stiffness measurements and the edge crush test of the combined boards. This study was rallied out to analyze the flexural stiffness, maximum bending force and maximum deflection for various corrugated fiber-boards by experimental investigation. There were significant differences between the machine direction (MD) and the cross-machine direction (CD) of corrugated fiberboards tested. It was about 50% in SW and DW, and $62%{\sim}74%$ in dual-medium corrugated fiberboards(e.g. DM, DMA and DMB), respectively. There were no significant differences of maximum deflection in machine direction among the tested fiberboards but, in cross direction, DM showed the highest value and followed by SW, DMA, DMB and DW in order. For the corrugated fiberboards tested, flexural stiffness in machine direction is about $29%{\sim}48%$ larger than cross direction, and difference of flexural stiffness between the two direction is the lowest in DMA and DMB.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.182-186
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• 2009

기존의 번데기동충하초의 자실체 생산은 자연계에서 채집된 버섯의 조직을 분리하거나 다중의 포자를 이용하는 방법이 대표적이었으나 본 연구를 수행한 결과, 단포자를 선발한 후 교배조합에 의한 F1균주를 이용한 배양이 안정적임을 확인 할 수 있었다. 단포자의 특성으로는 자실체의 형성이 양호하며 균주의 안정성이 우수한 균주를 선발하고 조합형성능이 우수한 균주를 선발하여야 한다. 본 연구를 통하여 06S05의 단포자를 획득하였으며 06S05${\times}$06S01, 06S05${\times}$06S33균주를 선발하였으며 06S05${\times}$06S33균주를 예당 3호로 명명하여 국립종 자원에 품종보호 등록되었다.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2008년 영문 학술대회
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• pp.358-363
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• 2008

The spray cross-section characteristics of two-phase spray that using external-mixing nozzle injected into a subsonic cross flow were experimentally studied with various ALR ratio that is $0{\sim}59.4%$. Suction type wind tunnel was used and experiments were conducted to ambient environment. Several plain orifice nozzles with L/d of 30 and orifice diameter of 0.5 mm and orifice length 1.5 mm were tested. Free stream velocity profiles at the injection location were measured using hot wire. Spray images were captured to study collision point and column trajectory. Phase Doppler particle analyzer(PDPA) was utilized to quantitatively measuring droplet SMD, volume flux. Measuring probe of PDPA positions was moved 3-way transverse machine. SMD distributions were layered structure and peaked at the top of the spray plume and low value at bottom of the spray. Volume flux of spray was distributed to the two side region and volume flux quantity decreased when ALR ratio increased. It was found that the perpendicularly injected two-phase spray jet of external mixing into a cross flow showing that mistlike spray moved away from the test section bottom region.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to verify (i) a consistent calibration verification for the assessment of method linearity and (ii) calibration agreement with calibration settings. We validated calibration verification through method linearity with different lot number of individual calibrators that span the working range for 9 tests except salicylate with control sample in test. We evaluated that it covered broad analyte range to assay from near zero to the top of the measuring range with 5 or 6 points every three times for 10 analytes in TDM test. Target values were plotted on X-axis with assigned or observed values on the Y-axis. Working range were as follows. Calibration verification of the measuring range (maximum to minimum values) has been validated asetaminophen 0.1 to $304.6_{\mu}g/mL$, salicylate 0 to $1005_{\mu}g/mL$, valproic acid 3.2 to $154.19_{\mu}g/mL$, digoxin 0.17 to 5.65 ng/mL, vancomycine 1.3 to $80.51_{\mu}g/mL$, carbarmazepine 0.1 to $22.3_{\mu}g/mL$, phenytonin 0.6 to $40.21_{\mu}g/mL$, theophyline 0.2 to $40.21_{\mu}g/mL$, primidone 0 to $24.07_{\mu}g/mL$, phenobarbital 0.6 to $60.0_{\mu}g/mL$. Drawing a straight line through five or six points of these data showed good linearity. We are sure that it is important to assess the calibration verification of a test method to ascertain the lowest and highest test results that are reliable.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.545-553
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• 2016

이 논문에는 교량바닥판의 지간장이 짧은 단지간용 프리캐스트 콘크리트패널에 대해 수행한 정적하중 재하실험 결과들을 나타내었다. 단지간용 콘크리트패널은 콘크리트패널 하면에 콘크리트리브가 부착되어 있으며, 기존 LB-DECK과 달리 콘크리트패널 상면에 Top bar가 없는 단면이다. 콘크리트패널에 부착되는 콘크리트리브의 개수와 단면 상세는 교량바닥판의 지간장과 철근콘크리트바닥판 두께 변화에 따른 설계하중에 대해 변수해석 결과를 토대로 결정하였다. 콘크리트패널 상면에는 현장타설되는 콘크리트와 합성거동을 위해 전단철근을 배치하였다. 변수해석을 통해 산정된 콘크리트패널이 설계하중에 대해 사용성과 안전성을 만족하는 가를 확인하기 위해 정적하중 재하실험을 수행하였다. 지간장 1.6 m인 단지간 콘크리트패널 실험체 3개 제작한 후 정적하중 재하하면서 각 실험체의 처짐, 균열, 그리고 최종 파괴양상을 살펴보았다. 설계하중이 작용할 때 각 실험체의 처짐, 균열하중, 그리고 균열폭을 토대로 사용성을 평가하였다. 또한 각 실험체의 최종 파괴양상과 극한강도를 토대로 계수설계하중에 대한 안전성을 평가하였다. 실험 결과 단지간용 콘크리트패널이 사용성과 안전성을 만족하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 추가적으로 단지간용 콘크리트패널을 적용할 수 있는 교량바닥판의 지간장 범위를 검토하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제85권4호
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• pp.563-571
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• 2023

Girdling underpinning joints are key areas of concern for the pier-cutting bridge-lifting process. In this study, five specimens of an underpinning joint were prepared by varying the cross-sectional shape of the respective column, the process used to treat the beam-column interface (BCI), and the casting process. These specimens were subsequently analyzed through static failure tests. The BCI was found to be the weakest area of the joint, and the specimens containing a BCI underwent punching shear failure. The top of the girdling beam (GB) was subjected to a circumferential tensile force during slippage failure. Compared to the specimens with a smooth BCI, the specimens subjected to chiseling exhibited more pronounced circumferential compression at the BCI, which in turn considerably increased the shear capacity of the BCI and the ductility of the structure. The GB for the specimens containing a column with a circular cross-section exhibited better shear mechanical properties than the GB of other specimens. The BCI in specimens containing a column with a circular cross-section was more ductile during failure than that in specimens containing a column with a square cross-section.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.131-141
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• 2021

The present study is following a series of research investigations on design resources coming from collected data referring to users' awareness and preferences. The aim of this research is to test the Healthcare Environmental Color Index as a basis for practitioners in the field of healthcare design. An array of color samples selected from previous research, have been presented to the respondents via an online survey, in order to identify the preferences of the two groups on the relation between environmental color and health. As a result of the first experiment and through the comparison of processed data, the maximum percentage of respondents from each group is validating the relation between environmental color and health. For the second experiment we intend to highlight the patterns of color preferences for each group, and thus to test the color samples healing function. The compared data also showed a higher awareness of Koreans than Romanians on the potential of color applied to healing environment. Last but not least in the third experiment we show the top five color samples preferred by each group. It is significant that the comparison of the results validated once more some of our previous findings related to the healthcare environment, such as: the general preference for the green hue (associated to fatigue relax according to color psychology) and the blue hue (sedation release effect) but also the yellow hue - associated to bright energy. Three out of the top five preferred color samples have been identical to both groups while the other two samples have shown characteristic variations. These results show that similarities are strong and can be used in a glocal design strategy as an accessible tool for any practitioner. Based on the Healthcare Environmental Color Index and users' preferences analysis, a new design culture for healthcare can be established and developed.