• 대한치과의료관리학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of toothbrush bacterial growth, whether the dryness of the toothbrush head differs depending on the number of holes in the head, and to use these results as a reference for future toothbrush design. Two-millimeter holes were created on the head of the toothbrushes in groups of three, one, or zero holes. We made the solution with Streptococcus mutans, and the toothbrushes were placed in the solution and agitated. The toothbrushes were shaken to remove moisture and allowed to air-dry. The toothbrush heads were swabbed with saline and then placed in two inoculation groups. The first group was inoculated with a 102 dilution of the S. mutans culture and the second was inoculated with the original culture. After incubation, bacterial colony numbers were measured. The number of holes on the toothbrush head correlated with a decrease in number of cultured bacterial colonies. Our model of a toothbrush head with holes indicated that these holes in the toothbrush head were effective in reducing the level of microbial contamination and that a greater number of holes creates an improved toothbrush sanitation effect. The average number of colonies on the head of toothbrush by number of holes was high, followed by the number of holes 0, 1 and 3, and the average number of colony among toothbrush heads was same. The use of a toothbrush with holes between the toothbrush head indicates that it is effective in reducing the level of microbial contamination between the toothbrush head and toothbrush and the higher the number of holes, the better the effect.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.296-304
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to propose a method for the effective management of toothbrush contamination. Toothbrush microbial contamination was analyzed according to the duration of toothbrush use, frequency of toothbrush use per day, and toothbrush storage location. We also analyzed the microbial reduction effect of vinegar, antimicrobial mouth rinse, bamboo salt, and baking soda, which are sterilization materials that can be easily used every day. We collected 45 toothbrushes from university dormitories from May to June 2018. To determine the degree of microbiological contamination with general bacteria, coliform bacteria, and Staphylococcus aureus, bristle samples were cultured at $36^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours using 3M$^{TM}$ Petrifilm plates and then measured based on Petrifilm evaluation criteria. Toothbrush microorganisms were analyzed according to the duration of use, frequency of use per day, storage location, and effect of each sterilization material. General bacteria, coliforms, and S. aureus contamination increased with frequency and duration of use (p<0.05). In particular, S. aureus showed a statistically significant increase to 36.15 CFU/ml after 1 month, 504.23 CFU/ml after 2 months, and 2,386.67 CFU/ml after 3 months (p<0.05). We found that 1% vinegar was the most effective substance for reducing general bacteria, coliforms, and S. aureus. In addition, 1% antimicrobial mouth rinse solution applied for 5 minutes was the most effective in reducing S. aureus. It is crucial to recognize the importance of toothbrush care and store toothbrushes in a dry place and replace them periodically. We recommend use of vinegar and antimicrobial mouth rinse solution to disinfect toothbrushes. These should be applied as a 1% solution for at least 1 minute. Proper care of toothbrushes is important in maintaining oral health as well as overall health. Instructions on toothbrush care should be given when teaching children or adults how to brush teeth.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.223-228
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• 2020

본 연구는 사용 중인 칫솔의 관리법과 구강내 세균의 산생성도에 따른 칫솔의 세균량을 측정하여 비교한 후 올바른 칫솔 관리를 위한 교육자료를 개발하는데 기초자료로 제시하고자 한다. 건강한 20대 성인 50명의 1개월이상 사용 중인 칫솔을 수거하여 칫솔의 세균수와 pH를 측정하였다. 하루 칫솔질의 횟수가 4회인 경우 pH는 4.97로 가장 높았고 세균수는 42.16(104×CFU/ml)으로 가장 낮게 나타났으며 칫솔의 사용 교체 시기가 1개월인 경우 pH가 5.35로 가장 높았고 세균수는 19.80(104 × CFU/ml)로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 욕실에 보관한 경우 pH는 4.78로 가장 낮았고 세균수는 149.46(104 × CFU/ml) 가장 높게 나타났으며 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.01). 연구결과 칫솔의 세균을 차단하기 위해서는 가정에서 오염된 칫솔을 간단하게 살균할 수 있는 방법을 연구하고 개발해야 할 것이다. 또한 칫솔질 교육을 할 때 올바른 칫솔 세척 방법과 보관법에 대하여 교육을 할 필요가 있다고 생각된다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2021

PURPOSE. The study compared the color change, lightness, and translucency of hybrid resin ceramics exposed to toothbrush abrasion and surface treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Four hybrid ceramics [Lava Ultimate (LU), Vita Enamic (EN), Shofu HC (SH), and Crystal Ultra (CU)] were compared with a glass-ceramic (Vita Mark II) control. One hundred and twenty specimen blocks were prepared using a precision saw machine. Specimens in each material were divided into four subgroups based on the surface treatment (polishing or staining) and a storage medium (water or citric acid). Simulated tooth brushing with a mixture of 100 RDA (radioactive abrasives) with 0.3 ml distilled water was used for 3650 cycles (7300 strokes) for each specimen. Measurements for the color change, lightness, and translucency were measured after toothbrushing using a spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis compared outcomes using paired t-test, ANOVA, and Tukey post hoc test. RESULTS. The maximum color change was identified in SH (stained acid) [1.44 (0.40)], whereas the lowest was identified in EN (polished water) [0.66 (0.16)] material. The maximum and minimum loss of surface translucency was observed in SH (polished water) [12.3 (0.52)] and EN (stained acid) [6.5 (0.55)] specimens, respectively. Lastly, loss of lightness was the highest in VM (polished acid) [69 (0.95)], whereas the lowest was observed in CU (stained water) [56.7 (0.86)]. CONCLUSION. The comparison presented a significant effect of toothbrush abrasion on translucency and lightness of the hybrid resin ceramics. Color change was not significantly influenced irrespective of the storage medium employed. Surface staining demonstrated the preservation and stability of color and optical properties under the influence of toothbrush abrasion and chemical trauma.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.242-248
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• 2015

어린이집 유아들이 사용하는 칫솔 및 양치 컵의 미생물 오염도와 분리된 식중독 미생물의 독소 유전자 및 독소 생산능력을 분석하여 칫솔과 양치 컵에 의해 발생할 수 있는 식중독을 예방하고자 칫솔 75개, 칫솔걸이 29개, 양치 컵 65개를 실험하였다. 일반세균수는 평균 5.3 log CFU 검출되었고 칫솔은 평균 6.7 log CFU 검출되어 가장 높은 오염도를 나타내었다. 대장균군은 칫솔 75건 중 41건 (54.7%), 칫솔걸이 29건 중 13건 (44.8%), 양치 컵 65건 중 29건 (44.6%)에서 검출되었으며 진균수는 평균 3.2 log CFU 검출되었고 칫솔이 평균 4.6 log CFU 검출되어 칫솔의 대장균군, 진균 오염도가 가장 높게 나타났다. Salmonella spp.는 모든 시료에서 검출되지 않았으나 B. cereus는 칫솔 75건 중 1건 (1.3%), 양치 컵 65건 중 2건 (3.1%)에서 검출되었고 S. aureus는 양치 컵 65건 중 1건 (1.5%)에서 검출되었다. 칫솔에서 분리된 B. cereus의 경우 nheA, nheB, nheC, hblC, hblD, hblA, entFM 등 7종의 설사독소 유전자가 검출되었고 양치 컵에서 분리된 B. cereus 2균주는 nheA, nheB, nheC, entFM 설사독소 유전자만 검출되었다. 칫솔에서 분리된 B. cereus의 경우 HBL, NHE 설사독소를 생산하였고 양치 컵에서 분리된 B. cereus 2균주는 모두 NHE 설사독소만을 생산하였다. B. cereus는 ${\beta}-lactam$계 항생제에 내성을 나타내었고 S. aureus는 ampicillin과 penicillin에만 내성을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과는 대부분의 칫솔과 양치 컵이 양치 후 젖은 상태로 화장실에 보관되거나 젖은 상태로 자외선 살균고에서 살균되는 등 부적절한 보관가 살균방법이 주요 원인으로 분석되었다. 따라서 면역력이 취약한 어린이집 유아가 사용하는 칫솔 및 양치컵을 건조한 후 자외선 살균고 등을 이용 살균하여 상대 습도가 낮은 건조한 곳에 보관하여야 할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.727-734
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• 2010

Objectives : The aim of this study was to assess the oral health care of the elderly in long-term care facility on caregivers' behaviors. Methods : Cross-sectional study in a cluster sample of 171 caregivers recruited from 17 facilities located in the Province of Gangwon. The Questionnaire was consisted of 16 items contained oral hygiene care, denture care, oral health education and general characteristics(Chronba's ${\alpha}$=0.87). Using SPSS WIN 12.0, descriptive statistics and chi-square test were conducted to examine the subjects general characteristics, the status of oral health education and denture care. Results : 1. The mean age of care givers was 42 years and 88.9% education experience rate was found. 2. Above 70% of them was found in daily oral hygiene care after every meal. They used toothbrush and toothpaste, they keep the toothbrush properly. 3. The denture care was conducted by most of care givers, containing proper storage. But three of ten care givers was cleaned denture by toothpaste or used water only. It was severe at the care givers didn't received oral health education(p<0.05). Conclusions : The contents of oral health education for care givers should contain the denture care(time and the reason shouldn't use toothpaste). Further large-scale longitudinal studies are needed to determine professional oral health care and to develop evidence of the dental hygiene practice for the elderly in long-term care facilities.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.22-30
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• 2005

수복물의 변연 미세 누출과 마모 개선을 위해 표면 전색제가 개발되었으며 이의 효과에 대해 알아보기 위해, 규격화된 치경부 5급 와동을 25개의 소구치의 협면에 형성하고 Single Bond와 Z-250으로 수복한 뒤, $37^{\circ}C$의 증류수에 7일간 보관한 후 무작위로 5군으로 나누고 다음과 같은 재료로 제조사의 지시에 따라 표면 처리하였다 : No sealing ; Single Bond Adhesive ; Biscover ; Fortify ; Optiguard. 그 후 잇솔질 마모시험을 시행하였다. 표면 조도는 잇솔질 전후에 profilometer로 측정되었고 paired t-test와 ANOVA로 비교하였다. 접착면과 표면변화는 전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 미세누출 평가를 위해 시편은 $2\%$ methylene blue 용액으로 염색한 뒤, 협설로 잘라 제작하였다. 입체현미경을 이용하여 교합면쪽과 치경부쪽 계면에서 미세누출을 관찰하고 Kruskal-Wallis와 Mann-Whitney U test를 이용하여 그 결과를 비교하였다. 표면 조도는 잇솔질 후 수치가 증가하였으나 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내지는 않았다. 전자 현미경 관찰 결과, 표면 전색제가 접착면에 부분적으로 남아있기도 하였으나 많은 부분에서 떨어져 나간 상태였다. 특히, 미세 틈새가 치경부쪽 변연에서 나타났다. 미세누출 실험에서는 법랑질에서 더 봉쇄효과가 좋았으며 교합면쪽 변연에서 군간에 유의할만한 차이를 나타내었다. 조절군과 Single Bond를 도포한 군에서는 치경부쪽 변연보다 법랑질쪽 변연에서 유의하게 좋은 변연 봉쇄 효과를 나타내었다.

• 대한치위생과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2018

This research is intended to develop oral health education program that can improve quality of oral health of infants by investigating the actual condition of oral health education provided to students major in early childhood education and contents and method of oral health education that they needed. A questionnaire survey was conducted for 427 students enrolled in related departments such as the Early Childhood Education Division and the Early Childhood Education Department at five universities in Gyeongsangnam-do. Questionnaires consisted of general characteristics, awareness of oral health, presence of experience in oral health education, necessity of oral health education, preference for oral health education method, oral health education contents. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS(Statistical Package for the Social Science) Ver 20.0. 1. Presence of experience in oral health education based on the general characteristics showed statistically significant differences only concerning the 'school system' and the 'school year' (p<0.05), and subjective awareness of oral health based on the presence of oral health education experiences showed statistically significant differences concerning the 'interest in oral health' and the 'importance of oral health' (p<0.05). 2. Necessity of oral health education based on the subjective awareness of oral health showed statistically significant differences concerning the 'interest in oral health' and the 'importance of oral health' (p<0.05). 3. Necessity of oral health education based on the preference for oral health education method showed statistically significant differences concerning the 'intention to participate in oral health education' and the 'oral health education cycle' (p<0.05). 4. The most necessary information for oral health education is proper toothbrushing method 4.24, cause of tooth decay and prevention method 4.13, helpful food and poor food for tooth 3.97, toothbrush selection and storage method 3.85. Fluoride application and fissure sealant were lowest 3.38. As a result of this research, necessity of oral health education was large regardless of general characteristics, experience in oral health education, subjective awareness of oral health, and preference for oral health education. Also the more the 'interest in oral health' in 'subjective awareness of oral health', the more the 'necessity of oral health education' and 'intention to participate in oral health education'. Therefore it is necessary to develop systematic and repetitive oral health education for students major in early childhood education.