• Title/Summary/Keyword: Tool Steel Powder

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Comparison of punch life of powder high speed tool steel and high speed tool steel (분말고속도공구강과 고속도공구강의 펀치 수명 비교)

  • Lee, Woo-Ram;Lee, Chun-Kyu
    • Design & Manufacturing
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.9-14
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    • 2022
  • A lot of research is being done on metal materials to improve the lifespan of molded parts. As a result, excellent mold materials have been developed that withstand high hardness at high temperatures and frictional heat generated from high-speed cutting. In this study, the press mold life of powder high-speed tool steel and general high-speed tool steel was compared. Powdered high-speed steel is composed of alloying elements such as tungsten, maldividene, cobalt, chromium, and vanadium in steel, which improves wear resistance compared to high-hardness and high-speed tool steels. The mold parts of both steel types were manufactured in the same way from heat treatment to machining, and the powder high-speed tool steel was 66HRC and the high-speed tool steel was 61HRC. As a result of the experiment, it was observed that the number of punching of powder high-speed tool steel was improved by 40-50%, and powder high-speed tool steel had fewer impurities, uniform texture, and excellent surface structure. It has a microscopic structure.

A study about sculpture characteristic of SKD61 tool steel fabricated by selective laser melting(SLM) process (SLM 공정으로 제작된 SKD61 공구강의 조형 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Yun, Jaecheol;Choe, Jungho;Kim, Ki-Bong;Yang, Sangsun;Yang, Dong-Yeol;Kim, Yong-Jin;Lee, Chang-Woo;Yu, Ji-Hun
    • Journal of Powder Materials
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.137-143
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    • 2018
  • In this study, two types of SKD61 tool-steel samples are built by a selective laser melting (SLM) process using the different laser scan speeds. The characteristics of two kinds of SKD61 tool-steel powders used in the SLM process are evaluated. Commercial SKD61 tool-steel power has a flowability of 16.68 sec/50 g and its Hausner ratio is calculated to be 1.25 by apparent and tapped density. Also, the fabricated SKD61 tool steel powder fabricated by a gas atomization process has a flowability of 21.3 sec/50 g and its Hausner ratio is calculated to be 1.18. Therefore, we confirmed that the two powders used in this study have excellent flowability. Samples are fabricated to measure mechanical properties. The highest densities of the SKD61 tool-steel samples, fabricated under the same conditions, are $7.734g/cm^3$ (using commercial SKD61 powder) and $7.652g/cm^3$ (using fabricated SKD61 powder), measured with Archimedes method. Hardness is measured by Rockwell hardness testing equipment 5 times and the highest hardnesses of the samples are 54.56 HRC (commercial powder) and 52.62 HRC (fabricated powder). Also, the measured tensile strengths are approximately 1,721 MPa (commercial SKD61 powder) and 1,552 MPa (fabricated SKD61 powder), respectively.

Stage 1 compaction behavior of tool steel under die pressing (금형압축 하에서 공구강 분말의 1단계 압축거동)

  • Kim, Gi-Tae;Kim, Jong-Seong
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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    • v.21 no.7
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    • pp.1073-1080
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    • 1997
  • The stage 1 compaction behavior of tool steel powder under die pressing was studied. The friction effects between the powder and the die wall under different die pressing modes were also investigated. The elastoplastic constitutive equations based on the yield functions by Fleck et al. and by Shima and Oyane were implemented into a finite element program to simulate die compaction processes. Finite element calculations were compared with experimental data for densification and density distribution of tool steel powder under single and double action die pressing. Finite element calculations using the yield function by Fleck et al. agreed better with experimental data than by Shima and Oyane.

Applications in Powder Compaction of Iron Powder - Influence of Tool Material on Tool Life

  • Sandberg, Odd;Krona, Andreas;Berg, Sigurd;Kaad, Flemming;Nord, Goran
    • Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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    • 2006.09a
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    • pp.411-412
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    • 2006
  • A high nitrogen PM tool steel has shown to have an excellent galling resistance due to the introduction of a high amount of a low friction phase predominantly consisting of VN. Tool making and heat treatment are according to standard procedures. An increase of tool life of more than two times compared to ordinary tool steels is found. Furthermore, the new low friction tool steel shows a potential for sintered parts with higher densities through the applica bility of increased compaction pressure or minimized lubricant amount.

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Powder Sintering Characteristics of Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced SKD11 Tool Steel Sintered by Spark Plasma Sintering (방전플라즈마 소결법으로 제조된 탄소나노튜브 강화 SKD11 금형강의 분말소결 특성)

  • Moon, Je-Se;Jung, Sung-Sil;Lee, Dae-Yeol;Jeong, Young-Keun;Kang, Myung Chang;Park, Chun-Dal;Youn, Kook-Tae
    • Journal of Powder Materials
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.157-162
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    • 2015
  • SKD11(ASTM D2) tool steel is a versatile high-carbon, high-chromium, air-hardening tool steel that is characterized by a relatively high attainable hardness and numerous, large, chromium rich alloy carbide in the microstructure. SKD11 tool steel provides an effective combination of wear resistance and toughness, tool performance, price, and a wide variety of product forms. Adding of CNTs increased the performance of mechanical properties more. 1, 3 vol.% CNTs was dispersed in SKD11 matrix by mechanical alloying. SKD11 carbon nanocomposite powder was sintered by spark plasma sintering process. FE-SEM, HR-TEM and Raman analysis were carried out SKD11 carbon nanocomposites.

Powder Metallurgical Tool Steel Solutions for Powder Pressing and Other High-performance Cold Work Applications

  • Schemmel, Ingrid;Marsoner, Stefan;Makovec, Heinz
    • Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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    • 2006.09b
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    • pp.841-843
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    • 2006
  • In high-performance cold work applications, tool failure depends on the predominating loading conditions. Typical failure mechanisms are a combination of abrasive wear, adhesive wear, plastic deformation, cracking and edge crumbling. In this paper we demonstrate how the microstructure of tool steels can be positively influenced by modifying the alloying system and the production route to meet the demands of the different loading situations which occur during operation. The investigation was focused on ductility, fatigue strength and wear resistance. Theoretical considerations were confirmed by practical tests.

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Mechanical Property Improvement of the H13 Tool Steel Sculptures Built by Metal 3D Printing Process via Optimum Conditions (금속 3D 프린팅 공정 최적화를 통한 H13 공구강 조형체의 기계적 특성 향상)

  • Yun, Jaecheol;Choe, Jungho;Lee, Haengna;Kim, Ki-Bong;Yang, Sangsun;Yang, Dong-Yeol;Kim, Yong-Jin;Lee, Chang-Woo;Yu, Ji-Hun
    • Journal of Powder Materials
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.195-201
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    • 2017
  • In this study, H13 tool steel sculptures are built by a metal 3D printing process at various laser scan speeds. The properties of commercial H13 tool steel powders are confirmed for the metal 3D printing process used: powder bed fusion (PBF), which is a selective laser melting (SLM) process. Commercial H13 powder has an excellent flowability of 16.68 s/50 g with a Hausner ratio of 1.25 and a density of $7.68g/cm^3$. The sculptures are built with dimensions of $10{\times}10{\times}10mm^3$ in size using commercial H13 tool steel powder. The density measured by the Archimedes method is $7.64g/cm^3$, similar to the powder density of $7.68g/cm^3$. The hardness is measured by Rockwell hardness equipment 5 times to obtain a mean value of 54.28 HRC. The optimum process conditions in order to build the sculptures are a laser power of 90 W, a layer thickness of $25{\mu}m$, an overlap of 30%, and a laser scan speed of 200 mm/s.

A Finite Element Analysis for Densification Behavior and Grain Growth of Tool Dteel Powder Compacts (공구강 분말 성형체의 치밀화 거동과 결정립 성장에 관한 유한 요소 해석)

  • 전윤철
    • Journal of Powder Materials
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.90-99
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    • 1997
  • Densification behavior and grain growth of tool steel powder compacts during pressureless sintering, sinter forging, and hot isostatic pressing were investigated. Experimental data were compared with results of finite element calculations by using the constitutive model of Abouaf and co-workers and that of McMeeking and co-workers. Densification and deformation of tool steel powder compacts were studied by implementing power-law creep, diffusional creep, and grain growth into the finite element analysis. The shape change of a powder compact in the container during hot isostatic pressing was also studied. The theoretical models did not agree well with experimental data in sinter forging, however, agreed well with experimental data in hot isostatic pressing.

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Characterization of the complex(B+C+N) Diffusion Layers Formed on Tool Steels (공구강에 형성된 복합(B+C+N) 확산층의 특성 연구)

  • Lee, Jong-Hun;Yu, Wi-Do;Im, Yeong-Mok;Gwon, Gi-Hyeon
    • 연구논문집
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    • s.33
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    • pp.175-182
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    • 2003
  • In this study, the wear resistance of the complex powder diffusion treated KS STD 61 has been investigatived. KS STD 61 tool steel was pretreated in quenching and tempering processes to obtain the tempered martensitic microstructure. The samples were packed with complex powder in steel pot($\Phi$90x60mm) and heated in a box furnace. the complex powder diffusion treatment are carried out at $540^{\circ}C$, $520^{\circ}C$, $500^{\circ}C$ for 40min, 1.5hr and 2.5hr. The microstructure, microhardness, wear resistance, and coating layer thickness of the complex powder diffusion treated samples were investigation. The weight loss of as heat treated sample was 0.4mg and that of the complex powder treated at $540^{\circ}C$ for 2.5hr was 0.17mg. These result means that the wear resistance of tool steels can be easily improved by the powder diffusion process at conventional tempering treatment temperature.

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DUAL SPEED LASER RE-MELTING FOR HIGH DENSIFICATION IN H13 TOOL STEEL METAL 3D PRINTING

  • IM DOO JUNG;JUNGHO CHOE;JAECHEOL YUN;SANGSUN YANG;DONG-YEOL YANG;YONG-JIN KIM;JI-HUN YU
    • Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
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    • v.64 no.2
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    • pp.571-578
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    • 2019
  • The densification behavior of H13 tool steel powder by dual speed laser scanning strategy have been characterized for selective laser melting process, one of powder bed fusion based metal 3d printing. Under limited given laser power, the laser re-melting increases the relative density and hardness of H13 tool steel with closing pores. The single melt-pool analysis shows that the pores are located on top area of melt pool when the scanning speed is over 400 mm/s while the low scanning speed of 200 mm/s generates pores beneath the melt pool in the form of keyhole mode with the high energy input from the laser. With the second laser scanning, the pores on top area of melt pools are efficiently closed with proper dual combination of scan speed. However pores located beneath the melt pools could not be removed by second laser scanning. When each layer of 3d printing are re-melted, the relative density and hardness are improved for most dual combination of scanning. Among the scan speed combination, the 600 mm/s by 400 mm/s leads to the highest relative density, 99.94 % with hardness of 53.5 HRC. This densification characterization with H13 tool steel laser re-melting can be efficiently applied for tool steel component manufacturing via metal 3d printing.