• 치위생과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.320-329
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• 2023

Background: Oral frailty has garnered considerable interest following its identification as a risk factor for physical frailty. The Korean oral frailty diagnosis criteria have emphasized the need for extensive research on oral frailty diagnostic items and interventions. Our study performed an in-depth analysis of the tongue-palate pressure patterns in healthy community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Of the 217 older adults aged ≥60 years who visited a senior center in Wonju, 205 participants who completed tongue pressure measurement were included in the final analysis. Pressure changes over time were recorded by instructing the participants to press their tongue against the hard palate with for 7 seconds per cycle. The participants were divided into the normal and abnormal tongue pressure (NTP and ATP, respectively) groups based on whether they achieved the target tongue pressure at least once; tongue pressure patterns were compared between the groups. Furthermore, the average time taken to achieve the standard tongue pressure value was calculated for the participants in the NTP group and used to evaluate the decrease in tongue pressure in the ATP group. Results: Among the 205 participants, 40.5% had ATP. The tongue pressure graph revealed a gentle and consistent incline that was maintained even after achieving standard tongue pressure in the NTP group. The graph was more extreme in the ATP group, and the changes in the pressure type varied across individuals; the tongue pressure was only 48.4%, 40.7%, 31.9%, and 22.6% of the NTP in the participants in their 60s, 70s, 80s, and ≥90s, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusion: Tongue pressure weakness was observed in 40.5% of the healthy community-dwelling older adults. Furthermore, ATP graphs were observed in the patients with tongue pressure weakness. Thus, activities improving the oral function in community-dwelling older adults and systematic oral rehabilitation programs should be devised to promote normal swallowing.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to verify the usefulness and practicality of the program in the daily life of the elderly by performing a three-dimensional tongue muscle exercise for the elderly to identify the dysphagia, swallowing ability, and tongue pressure. Methods: The subjects of the study were 29 elderly people aged 65 or older living in Busan, divided into a oral exercises group and tongue strength training program combined with oral exercises group, and operated 16 times for 8 weeks twice a week, and the pre and post-program evaluation was conducted in the 1st and 8th weeks. For variable selection, 7 general characteristics, 5 oral health-related characteristics, 5 Likert scale for swallowing disorder, repetitive swallowing ability test for swallowing power measurement, and tongue pressure measurement was used. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS window program 25.0 version (IBM), general characteristics and homogeneity tests, oral health-related characteristics and homogeneity tests were chi-square test, swallowing disorder, swallowing ability, and change in tongue pressure were paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, t-test, Mann-Whitney U test for swallowing disorder and changes in swallowing ability and tongue pressure, and Spearman's correlation for the relationship between swallowing disorder and swallowing ability and tongue pressure. Results: As a result of tongue strength training program combined with oral exercise, both relieve swallowing disorder and improve low eating and tongue pressure than oral exercise, and the difference in improvement effects of both relieve swallowing disorder, swallowing ability, and tongue pressure is higher. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, it is believed that simple and practical oral muscle function reinforcement products and practical use are needed, and institutional devices to seek oral health promotion programs for the elderly are needed.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.156-166
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• 2017

본 연구는 만성 뇌졸중 환자들을 대상으로, 혀의 객관적인 수치로 측정할 수 있는 기계(Iowa Oral Performance Instrument, IOPI)를 사용하여 혀의 최대 저항 훈련프로그램을 수정하고, 혀 정확도 훈련을 추가한 프로그램을 적용하여 혀 근력과 구어기능에 미치는 효과를 비교하고자 실시하였다. 뇌졸중으로 진단받은 입원 및 외래환자를 각각 20명씩 실험군인 혀 저항정확도훈련 치료군과 대조군인 구강안면운동 치료군으로 나누어 각 치료를 대상자들에게 총 4주간 30분씩, 주 5회 실시하였고, 혀 근력과 구어기능 능력을 변화를 알아보기 위해 중재 전, 후에 혀 전방거상 압력(Anterior Tongue Pressure; ATP), 혀 후방거상 압력(Posterior Tongue Pressure; PTP), 최대발성시간(Maximum Phonation Time; MPT)을 측정하였다. 본 연구의 결과 중재 전 후 혀 저항정확도훈련 치료군과 구강안면운동 치료군의 혀 근력과 구어기능은 유의하게 향상하였으나, 두 군 사이의 비교에서 혀 저항정확도훈련 치료군과 구강안면운동 치료군 간의 혀 근력과 구어기능의 변화량은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 따라서 혀 저항정확도훈련이 기존 구강안면운동 치료보다 혀 근력 및 구어기능 향상에 효과적이지는 않은 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.146-160
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• 2000

The current study aimed to establish rationales for using three different voice therapies (resonant voice, accent method, and tongue-tip trills) by comparing the aerodynamic, and vocal fold closure characteristics under three therapies. A total of 8 male under/graduate students(tenors) participated as subjects. In order to compare aerodynamic characteristics, air flow rates and subglottal pressures were measured using Phonatory function analyzer under three therapy conditions. The characteristics of vocal fold closure patterns also were examined by comparing closed quotients(CQ) measured by Electroglottograph(EGG) under three therapy conditions. However, maximum phonation time (MPT) was measured under only resonant voice and tongue-tip trills using Aerophone II. The results are summarized as follows : 1) CQ, subglottal pressure and MPT decreased significantly under resonant voice as compared with throat voice, but the air flow rate increased significantly under resonant voice. 2) CQ decreased significantly under accent method as compared with throat voice, but both air flow rate and subglottal pressure increased significantly under accent method. 3) Both CQ and MPT decreased significantly under tongue tip trills as compared with throat voice, but air flow rate and subglottal pressure increased significantly under tongue-tip trills. Clinical implications of results were discussed in light of differential effects of three voice therapies.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.237-244
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• 2016

An unsteady three-dimensional simulation based on Reynolds time-averaged governing equation and RNG $k-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model, was presented for pump-as-turbine, the pressure fluctuation characteristic of hydraulic turbine with guide vane was obtained. The results show that the time domains of pressure fluctuation in volute change periodically and have identical cycles. In volute tongue and inlet pressure fluctuations are light, while in dynamic and static coupling interface pressure fluctuations are serious; In impeller blade region the pressure fluctuation of pressure surface are lighter than that of suction surface. The dominant frequencies of pressure fluctuation concentrate in low frequency region, and concentrate within 2 times of the blade passing frequency.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2023

이 연구의 목적은 평균 혀, 입술, 볼의 압력을 비교하여 구강 내 근육 불균형을 확인하고 근 기능 훈련에 따른 변화를 관찰하는 것이다. 구강 악습관으로 인한 근 기능 이상이 관찰되는 환자들을 대상으로 장치를 동반한 근 기능 훈련을 시행하였다. 압력 측정 장치를 사용하여 구강 근육의 기능 향상 정도를 측정하였다. 연구 대상은 만성 구호흡, 손가락 빨기, 입술 빨기, 혀 내밀기, 잘못된 연하 습관과 같은 구강 악습관이 있는 21명의 환자들로 구성하였다. 치료 전, 두 그룹 간의 측정값을 비교했을 때 혀와 입술의 측정값 사이에 큰 차이가 관찰되었다. 혀의 측정값은 근 기능 훈련을 시작하고 나서 1개월 이후 가장 크게 증가하였고 입술의 측정값은 치료 시작 후 3개월에서 6개월 사이에 가장 큰 폭으로 증가하였다. 대조군에서 측정한 혀, 입술, 우측 볼, 좌측 볼의 값은 실험군이 근 기능 훈련을 시작하고 나서 6개월 이후 측정한 값과 매우 유사했다. 장치를 동반한 근 기능 훈련을 꾸준히 시행할 경우, 혀와 입술의 압력이 눈에 띄게 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 또한 구강 악습관으로 인한 구강 근육 불균형이 관찰되는 환자의 경우 적어도 6개월 이상의 근 기능 훈련이 추천된다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.54-58
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation between tongue pain and tenderness of tongue by digital palpation (DP) in Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) patients. Methods: One hundred thirty-four consecutive patients (60 BMS with tongue pain and 74 non-BMS) who attended the Department of Oral Medicine (Chosun University Dental Hospital, Gwangju, Korea) from January 2018 to December 2018 were included in this study. The examined sites were anterior, lateral (right and left) and central part of the tongue. The pain sites were reported by the patients and the tender points on DP test were recorded by the clinicians. DP test was performed by well-trained clinicians with palpation of the tongue with 0.5 kg pressure using the thumb and index finger. Obtained results for BMS and non-BMS group were compared using t-test (p<0.05). Results: 1. The BMS group had higher tender score on DP test of the tongue and there was a significant difference between the BMS and non-BMS groups. 2. The accuracy of the pain site and the tender point was shown to be 0.68 total (anterior 0.68; right lateral 0.69; left lateral 0.70; central 0.61). Conclusions: This study suggests that the tenderness to DP of the tongue could be related to the painsites in the BMS patients. Further study is needed to confirm the usefulness of DP test of the tongue to examine the BMS patients.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.349-359
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• 2011

An unsteady numerical analysis has been carried out to study the strong impeller volute interaction of a centrifugal pump with six backward swept blades shrouded impeller. The numerical analysis is done by solving the three-dimensional Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes codes with standard k-${\varepsilon}$ two-equations turbulence model and wall regions are modeled with a scalable log-law wall function. The flow within the impeller passage is very smooth and following the curvature of the blade in stream-wise direction. However, the analysis shows that there is a recirculation zone near the leading edge even at design point. When the flow is discharged into volute casing circumferentially from the impeller outlet, the high velocity flow is severely distorted and formed a spiraling vortex flow within the volute casing. A spatial and temporal wake flow core development is captured dynamically and shows how the wake core diffuses. Near volute tongue region, the impeller/volute tongue strong interaction is observed based on the periodically fluctuating pressure at outlet. The results of existing analysis also proved that the pressure fluctuation periodically is due to the position of impeller blade relative to tongue.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.303-310
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• 2019

본 연구는 성인과 노인의 구강근기능(저작력, 혀근력, 구순력, 협근력)을 비교분석하고 구강건강 관련 삶의 질과 연하 장애에 영향을 미치는 구강근기능을 조사하였다. 2017년 12월부터 2018년 5월까지 대전과 논산시에 거주하는 20세 이상 성인 73명을 조사하였다. 수집된 검사자료는 SPSS 18.0 프로그램을 이용하여 ANOVA, 상관분석, 회귀분석을 하였다. 연령층별 저작력은 우측, 좌측 구치교합력을 평가한 결과 노년층이 (8.93, 10.80) 성인층(12.51, 14.61) 중년층 (11.63, 14.75)에 비해 감소하였다(p>0.05). 혀근력은 성인층(60.55), 중년층(50.61), 노년층(37.43) 집단간 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p=0.000). 구순력은 노년층(8.57)이 성인층(12.01), 중년층(11.37) 보다 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았다(p=0.000). 구강건강 관련 삶의 질에 미치는 구강근기능은 혀근력이었고, 연하장애에 영향을 미치는 요인도 혀근력이었다. 혀근력은 자연치아수(r=.566, p<.05), 구순력(r=.497, p<.05)과 유의한 순상관관계가 있었다. 구강건강 관련 삶의 질과 연하장애에 영향을 미치는 요인은 혀근력이었다(p<0.05). 노화에 의한 구강근기능 저하의 위험성 인식이 필요하다. 특히 혀근력은 삶의 질과 연하장애와 관련된다. 연령증가시 치아상실로 인한 구강기능 감소뿐만 아니라 구강근기능 저하로 인한 저작, 연하 구강기능 감소의 위험성을 인식하고 고령사회에서 구강건강 관련 삶의 질 증진을 위해 정기적 구강관리 및 구강근훈련의 필요성이 제안되었다.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.55-68
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• 2022

서론 : 본 연구는 연하장애 환자의 혀 운동 및 측정 도구들에 대한 고찰을 통해 도구의 원리와 특징을 확인하여 임상 적용을 위한 정보를 제공하고자 하였다. 본론 : 연하재활 분야에서 혀 운동 및 측정 도구로 활용되고 있는 15개의 도구를 확인하였고, 원리에 따라 벌브 센서 원리, 저항 센서 시트 원리, 마우스피스형 센서, 기타 기술의 도구로 분류하였다. 벌브 센서는 IOPI, KSA, TPM-01이 있었으며, 사용방법이 다소 간편하지만 혀의 압력 측정 시 위치 고정에 대한 제한점이 있었다. 저항 센서 시트는 I-SCAN, KEI, IPMD, PRESLA가 있었고, 모두 입천장에 고정이 가능하여 벌브 센서 원리에 비해 안정적인 위치에서 혀 압력 측정이 가능하다. 하지만 제작과정이 복잡하고, 많은 비용이 소모된다는 단점이 있었다. 마우스피스형 원리는 MOST, T-Station, SwallowSTRONG, LFDS가 있었으며, 도구의 특성상 개인의 구강에 맞게 제작되어 혀 압력 측정 시 고정이 가능하고, 안정적인 측정이 가능하다. 하지만 제작 과정에서 많은 비용이 발생하며, 세밀한 움직임의 측정과 내구성에 제한점이 있었다. 기타 도구로는 OPG, TTS, OroPress, TPWA가 있으며, 빛 감지의 원리와 무선 측정이 가능하다는 장점이 있다. 하지만 신뢰도와 타당도가 입증되지 않아 추후 연구가 필요한 실정이다. 결론 : 본 연구는 1990년대부터 현재까지 개발된 혀 운동 및 측정 도구들의 분석을 통해 연하재활 분야에서 활용할 수 있는 정보를 제시하였다. 이에 임상에서 도구의 선택 과정에 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다. 향후에는 기존 도구들의 장단점들을 고려하여 임상뿐만 아니라 가정에서도 활용 가능한 혀 운동 및 측정 도구 개발이 필요하다.