• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.439-444
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• 2003

The burial culture has prevailed in our county because of the effect of Confucianism. First of all, tombs've had an negative effect on the vista of national land and caused an ineffective use of national land recently. for this reason, the systematic management of the toms is necessary The purpose of this project is to identify tombs' geographical coordinates from orthoimage and to analysis algorithms for extracting tombs on the satellite image. We've used IKONOS image for those purpose, because it's very similar to KOMPSAT-2 image's characteristics which will be launched near future. and, It will make the best use of tombs management of each local government.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.27-36
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to classify of the Metal Feathered Trim in old tombs. First, Feathered Trim is 5 types, Feathered Trim I-A, Feathered Trim I-B, Feathered Trim II-A, Feathered Trim II-B, Feathered Trim II-C in according to upper part of central insert plate style. Feathered Trim I-A, I-B, II-B type was general style that was found in most of the old tombs in ancient Silla, Gaya. Feathered Trim II-A type was excavated from the only Silla tombs and II-C type was excavated from Gaya tombs. Feathered Trim I-A type was worn previous to I-B type, and II-B, C type was worn previous to II-A type. Feathered Trim 5 types was influenced by the scythe style that was 'Scythe-shaped' tail.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.30
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• pp.183-200
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to examine the custume of Stone statues in roylal tombs and graves in Shilla dynasty. Stone statues in royal tombs and graves in Shilla dynasty. Stone statues in royal tombs and graves are divided into statues of the twelve horary signs(十二支像) and stone figure of a man(石人像). The results are as follows. 1. Statues of the twelve horary signs are found eleven in royal tombs and graves. First statues of the twelve horary signs in assumed Shinmunwangrung(推定神文王陵) wear long robe(長袍) pants(袴) skirt(裙) It says that the costume element of Shilla and the costume element of Tang are mixed. But statues of the twelve horary signs was developed as a tutelary god. Statues of the twelve horary signs in Kimyoushinmyo(金庾信墓) wear jacket pants(袴) instead of long robe(長袍). Also as attaching instead of long robe. Also as attaching other color cloth in collar of jacket or not they are showing dress of mulitary officer. next statues of the twelve horary signs in Hondokwangrung(憲德王陵) wear long robe(長袍) pants(袴). it says that they imitate assumed Shinmunwangrung(推定神文王陵) Kimyoushinmyo(金庾信墓). And statues of the twelve horary signs in the rest of royal tombs and graves put on decorative armor. 2. Stone figure of a man are found is Song-dokwangrung(聖德王陵) Wonsongwangrung(元聖王陵), Hungdokwangrung(興德王陵) and divided into two types. Type 1 wear long robe(長袍) and Yangdang(裲襠). They stend for the best dress uniform of military officer. Type 2 wear Danreong(團領) with side slash. They stend for common soldier.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.55 no.3 s.93
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• pp.94-107
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• 2005

Kokuryo mural tombs are located in Jipan and Pyongyang, where were capital Cities of Kokuryo. Although there are many studies performed about costumes in Kokuryo mural tombs so far, the studies comparing regional differences are rare. In this study, we tried to compare about the costumes in Kokuryo mural tombs between Jipan, where was the capital city in early period (BC37-AD426) and Pyongyang, where was the capital city for 241 years after the King Jang Su moved.(AD427-AD668) The results of this study are as following. There are differences between Jipan and Pyongyang in the shape of Chima(skirt) and the direction of Yeomim (adjusting the necklines). While there was only one type, long and narrow pleated skirt in Jipan area, another type of Chima was existed in Pyongyang area including the one in Jipan. Also, the direction of Yeomim was different. Left was popular in Jipan while it was right in Pyongyang. Moreover there are no man's Po(coat) with straight collar which was considered as a basic shape in Kokuryo mural tombs costumes so far. Also we found that Baji(pants) was an ordinary woman's costume, not only for underwear.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.712-722
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to classify of the Hair ornaments in old tombs of the Three Kingdom States. Hair ornaments was divided into Combs, Rod-like hairpins, Chae[;釵], Boyo[;步搖] Combs were 2 type in according to the tooth's space, wide-tooth comb[;梳] and fine-tooth comb(;比). The general name of two type was called Jeul(;櫛). Combs were excavated from the only ancient Silla tombs. Rod-like hairpins were called Gha(叉) or Jam(:簪). They were found in most of the old tombs in Goauryeo, Baekje, ancient Silla tombs. The style was L-type and embellished circular head-type. Chae(;釵) was understand Cha(:叉) that had two tongs. Chae(:釵) was generally U-type and rarely hairtweezers -type. Jakchae(;爵釵) was understand distinctive Chae(;釵) hanged with phoenix. This type was excavated from the only Baekje tombs of King of Muryeong. Boyo(;步搖) was originally a hair decoration of the northern nomadic tribes which had been introduced to the Wijin period. Boyo gained its popularity by the women in Dang Dynasty, hair ornaments were considered indicators of status and wealth. Boyo(;步搖) hair accessory features of which are suspended from a elaborate hairpin structure. Such pieces were designed to sway as their wearer walked. The bequest was not found, but we catch the Boyo(; 步搖) that was women'head decoration in painting of old tombs in Goguryeo.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.168-197
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• 2017

This paper considers two aspects of the wooden chamber tombs with stone mound that were constructed in Wolseong North Burial Ground, in Gyeongju: tomb form and the group tomb complex. The basic unit of a wooden chamber tomb with stone mound consisted of a single round mound, covered with an additional earthen layer and surrounded by a circle of protective stones, within which a single wooden chamber was located. The form of a wooden chamber tomb with stone mound could therefore 1) be round, consisting of a single tomb unit, 2) consist of two or more attached tomb units, 3) or consist of multiple attached chambers in a single mound. The single tomb contained the burial of a single individual, and the attached tomb contained two or more individuals who were blood relations or connected by marriage. Multiple attached chambers tombs usually consisted of wooden chamber burials of the lowest rank, and have only been identified in the royal burial area of Wolseong North Burial Ground. At the Jjoksaem Area of Wolseong North Burial Ground, which is currently, under investigation, tombs have been found in small clusters along the slightly raised ground. This is likely the result of small groups of kin relations, upon selecting points along the slightly raised ground as their burial area, having constructed midsized and large single tombs and attached tombs along the axis of the slightly raised ground, which were then surrounded by smaller 'satellite' tombs. It is through this process that the tomb complex of the different groups came to be formed. The tombs of the royal burial area of Wolseong North Burial Ground, including the Daereungwon Tomb Complex, also formed group tomb complexes. Forming the centers of the group tomb complexes of the royal tomb area were huge individual round tombs where the Maripgan rulers were laid to rest or a gourd-shaped dual mound tomb, which was the final resting place of the king and his queen consort. These central tombs were surrounded by large and smaller tombs. Of the individuals that were buried in the group tomb complexes, there would have been individuals that were of equal status or social position, such as husbands and wives or blood relations, but it is unlikely that all of the buried individuals were related by blood, given the significant difference in the sizes of the tombs. It is likely that the individuals buried in the lower ranked tombs included in the group tomb complexes were 'dependents' of the deceased of the central tomb and his or her direct family who maintained a subservient relationship. Such tomb forms and group tomb complexes that can be observed amongst the wooden chamber tombs with stone mounds of Wolseong North Burial Ground provide insights into the nature of the social groups of the Silla center during the Maripgan Period. It is hoped that future studies undertaking a more detailed analysis of the data may make further contributions to unveiling the various aspects of Silla society.

• Bangmulgwan gwa yeongu (The National Museum of Korea Journal)
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• v.1
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• pp.150-173
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• 2024

The Gyeongsang region experienced an epoch-making social transformation approximately around the second to first century BCE, including the replacement of Bronze Age types of tombs (such as dolmens, stone cist tombs, and earthen tombs with flat capstones) with clusters of wooden coffin tombs and the emergence of wajil pottery (soft stoneware) and ironware. These shifts in the archaeological material evidence have been discussed in the context of the formation of the states that comprised the three Han confederacies and in relation to wooden coffin tombs built in later periods. This paper explicates the appearance of clustered wooden coffin tombs with accompanying ironware by categorizing them. In particular, it examines the emergence of wooden coffin tombs by creating the Wolseong-dong type, which differs from Tomb No. 5 in Joyang-dong and Tomb No. 1 in Daho-ri with their deep burial pits and large quantities of prestige goods and soft stoneware items. The Wolseong-dong type of tomb commonly features ironware, including flat-bladed iron axes, oblong cast iron axes, iron wire, iron chisels, and iron swords; a small slender, rectangular wooden coffin tomb with a shallow burial pit of less than sixty centimeters; and pottery of a type preceding soft stoneware, such as long-necked jars, triangular attached-rim pottery bowls and pots, and mounted vessels. There are also a few bronzeware items found in them, but no prestige goods. This study scrutinizes tombs in Tamni-ri in Uiseong, Hagu-ri in Gyeongju, and Hakjeongdong in Daegu by comparing them with the Wolseong-dong type, and it confirms that in Sinseodong in Daegu, Wolseong-dong type tombs and later Joyang-dong type tombs have separate spatial distributions within the site. This also indicates that the Wolseong-dong type is a valid categorization among wooden coffin tombs. Although the rise of the Wolseong-dong type tomb is associated with the migration of a group, I reserve judgement on whether its origins should be understood in the context of the iron culture in the southwestern region of South Korea that was sparked by King Jun's advance to the south or if they lie in the western region of North Korea. Either way, the Wolseong-dong type is thought to be the tombs of a group of people with lower hierarchical status than the occupants of the later Joyang-dong type.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.27-40
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to comprehend the procurement system of iron materials and the production process of ironwork in royal tombs constructions in the later Joseon period. For this purpose, sixteen Sanneung-uigwes were analyzed. The following conclusions have been reached through the study. First, it was procuring five types of iron materials in constructions of royal tombs. Sincheol had been supplied up to the mid-18th century. On the other hand, the amount of jeongcheol was increased rapidly. Because of the procurement system of initial tools was changed from bokjeong(a kind of tribute) to self-production in the Noyaso. Second, the government stockpiles were utilized as much as possible than bokjeong to manage the limited construction period and sudden construction start. Third, before moving the site of tombs, the melting furnace was installed in the Gungisi(armament factory). The amount of the melting furnace was increased from 5 to 8 since producing the initial tools in the Noyaso. Fourth, six kinds of master artisans were worked in the field of producing ironwork. Metal worker was assigned to one person per melting furnace. Fifth, the quality of final iron materials was controlled by use. Since the 19th century, it had been produced enhanced ironwork.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.653-655
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• 2005

More than 70 percent of terrestrial territory of Korea is mountainous areas where degradation becomes serious year by year due to illegal tombs, expanding golf courses and stone mine development. We elaborate the potential usage of high resolution image for the monitoring of the phenomena. We made the classification of tombs and the statistical radiometric characteristics of graves were identified from this project. The graves could be classified to 4 groups from the field survey. As compared with grouping data after clustering and discriminant analysis, the two results coincided with each other. Object-oriented classification algorithm for feature extraction was theoretically researched in this project. And we did a pilot project, which was performed with mixed methods. That is, the conventional methods such as unsupervised and supervised classification were mixed up with the new method for feature extraction, object-oriented classification method. This methodology showed about $60\%$ classification accuracy for extracting tombs from satellite imagery. The extraction of tombs' geographical coordinates and graves themselves from satellite image was performed in this project. The stone mines and golf courses are extracted by NDVI and GVI. The accuracy of classification was around 89 percent. The location accuracy showed extraction of tombs from one-meter resolution image is cheaper and quicker way than GPS method. Finally we interviewed local government officers and made analyses on the current situation of mountainous area management and potential usage of KOMPSAT-II images. Based on the requirement analysis, we developed software, which is to management and monitoring system for mountainous area for local government.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.77-86
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• 2013

Uigwe is official reports of the Joseon dynasty. They published from early Joseon but remain from 17C. We can search many hidden informations in them. Ga-Jungjagak (temporary T-shaped house) is one of them. It is unique architecture of the Joseon dynasty but it doesn't exist now at all. We can see many drawings describing Ga-Jungjagak (temporary T-shaped house) located next to Jungjagak in Uigwe. Jungjagak (T-shaped house) was built in royal tombs for sacrifice. Ga-Jungjagak was built in royal tombs for sacrifice as Jungjagak but existed temporarily. In this study, I want to find the process of norms Ga-Jungjagak in old records, official reports and annals of the Joseon Dynasty. Results are as follows: Ga-Jungjagak is the sacrifice space for queens in royal tombs. It is need to avoid sacrifice of delight and sorrow at the same time. They sacrifice to represent sorrow after the death of kings and queens for three years. After three year, they sacrifice to represent delight for kings and queens became ancestral gods. Ga-Jungjagak was destroyed three years later to combined sacrifices. The shape of Ga-Jungjagak is similar to Jungjagak in the same tomb. But dimensions of Ga-Jungjagak are equal or smaller than Jungjagak and decorations are abstemious.