• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.88-92
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• 2010

This study was conducted to compare the quality characters of 15 different tomato cultivars ('Dotearang Dia', 'Super Dotearang', 'Super sunroad', 'Hoyong', 'Mirokku', 'Baccuhs', 'Mascara', 'Poseidon', 'Radido', 'Madison', 'Rapsodie', 'Solomon', 'Amaral', 'Picasso', 'Tymaxx') and find out the correlation among the quality characters in order to get basic informations for exporting tomato. The $a^*/b^*$ value of fruit surface showed from 2.8 to 4.8, but there was no significant difference in fruit surface color value, such as $a^*$, $b^*$ and $a^*/b^*$ among the cultivars. The respiration and ethylene production rate also were not shown any significantly difference among cultivars. The firmness of fruit was higher in 'Picasso', 'Tymaxx' and 'Madison' cultivars. The contents of soluble solids was higher in 'Hoyong' and 'Dotearang Dia' cultivars. The vitamin C content was higher in 'Super Sunroad' and 'Dotearang Dia' cultivars. The titratable acidity was higher in 'Hoyong' cultivars. The sugar/acid ratio that depended on soluble contents was lower in 'Amaral', 'Picasso', 'Tymaxx' cultivars that showed lower soluble contents. Conclusionally, The firmness that was one of the most important quality character in exporting tomato was higher in European cultivars, but soluble solide and vitamin C content were higher in Japanese cultivars. The significant correlation coefficient values were determined (more than p = 0.05) between $a^*/b^*$ and other quality characters. The results suggested that surface color was the most suitable character represented tomato qualities. The high coefficient value (r = 0801) between $a^*/b^*$ and the contents of soluble solids. The firmness and the contents of soluble solids that is the most important factor for exporting showed significant negative correlation (r = -0.611).

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.472-477
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• 2004

To improve biomass and astaxanthin production by wild-type Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous simultaneously in shake flask culture, physical factors, nutritional factors and carotenogenesis stimulating factors affecting astaxanthin production were studied on base of HPLC quantitative analysis. The results suggested that carotenogenesis precursor composition acetic acid, mevalonic acid, tomato extract, and carrot extract could increase the productivity of astaxanthin markedly based on the optimized temperature, initial pH value, carbon and nitrogen sources conditions.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.377-389
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• 2013

Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) is a kind of pharmacological and biological component and its application is wide and useful in Korea specially, becoming aging society in the near feature. GABA is request special dose for the purposed biological effect but the production of concentrated GABA is very difficult due to low concentration of glutamic acid existed in the fermentation broth. To increase GABA concentrate using fermentation technology, high content of glutamic acid is required. For this reason, various strains which have the glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and can convert glutamic acid to GABA, were isolated from various fermented foods. Most of GABA producing strains are lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi, especially added monosodium glutamate (MSG) as a taste enhancer. Optimizing the formulation of culture media and the culture condition, GABA conversion yield and amounts were increased. Finally GABA concentration of fermentation broth in batch or fed batch fermentation reached 660 mM or 1000 mM, respectively. Furthermore formulation of culture media for GABA production developed commercially. Many studies about GABA-rich product have been continued, so GABA-rich kimchi, cheese, yogurt, black raspberry juice and tomato juices has been also developed. In Korea many biological effects of GABA are evaluated recently and GABA will be expected to be used in multipurpose.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2018

This study was conducted to compare the physicochemical properties of newly developed artificial medium and conventional plug medium and to investigate the proper irrigation interval to produce the high quality tomato seedlings. The five existing artificial media (organic medium coir, mixed medium Tosilee and Q plug, and inorganic medium LC and rockwool) and four newly developed artificial medium (mixed medium TP-S1 and inorganic medium PU 14-S1, PU-7B, and PU 15-S1) were used to grow tomato 'Yegwang' with irrigation interval of one-day (14 times), two-day (7 times), and three-day (5 times) for 14 days. The pH was the significantly highest in the PU 15-S1. All growing medium measured were in the range of pH 5.17-6.90. EC was the highest in the Q plug. The initial germination rate was the highest in the PU 15-S1. The final germination rate and mean daily germination were not significantly different in all growing medium except for the PU 14-S1. Growth of tomato seedlings at 15 days after sowing was the greatest in the Q plug. At 29 days after sowing, seedlings were also the greatest in the Q plug, followed by rockwool and PU-7B. Also, growth was better in the one-day interval treatment. As a result, we confirmed the applicability of the artificial medium to tomato plug seedlings in this experiment, and seedlings were the greatest in the Q plug. Therefor, it is considered that adding nutrients to the artificial medium of the newly developed medium PU-7B, and applying the irrigation one-day interval can produces high quality tomato seedlings similar to using Q plug.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.27-38
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• 1986

This experiment was conducted to observe the changes of $CO_2$ production, firmness and lipid components of tomato fruits at the temperature of $15^{\circ}C,\;20^{\circ}C\;and\;25^{\circ}C$ each. The phenomenon of climacteric rise appeared first at $25^{\circ}C$. The firmness of tomato fruits during storage were decreased rapidly under $25^{\circ}C$ but slowly under $15^{\circ}C$. The total lipid contents of tomato fruits were decreased under $15^{\circ}C\;and\;20^{\circ}C$ until the middle stage of storage but were increased rapidly at $15^{\circ}C$ from 30 to 40 days in storage. Various changes were not observed at the neutral lipid contents of tomato fruits. But. glycolipid and phospholipid contents were increased. The results which were observed the composite fatty acid of each lipid components were a lot of palmitic acid as a saturated fatty acid and linoleic acid. linolenic acid and oleic acid as an unsaturaturad fatty acid at the all fractions which were neutral lipid, glycolipid and phospholipid. The ratios of saturated fatty acid to unsaturated fatty acid of tomato fruits during storage were generally increased at the fraction of neutral lipid. tended to decrease at the fraction of glycolipid and were almost constant at the fraction of phospholipid.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 2014

Purpose: In protected crop production facilities such as greenhouse and plant factory, farmers should be present and/or visit frequently to the production site for maintaining optimum environmental conditions and better production, which is time and labor consuming. Monitoring of environmental condition is highly important for optimum control of the conditions, and the condition is not uniform within the facility. Objectives of the paper were to investigate spatial and vertical variability in ambient environmental variables and to provide useful information for sensing and control of the environments. Methods: Experiments were conducted in a strawberry-growing greenhouse (greenhouse 1) and a cherry tomato-growing greenhouse (greenhouse 2). Selected ambient environmental variables for experiment in greenhouse 1 were air temperature and humidity, and in greenhouse 2, they were air temperature, humidity, PPFD (Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density), and $CO_2$ concentration. Results: Considerable spatial, vertical, and temporal variability of the ambient environments were observed. In greenhouse 1, overall temperature increased from 12:00 to 14:00 and increased after that, while RH increased continuously during the experiments. Differences between the maximum and minimum temperature and RH values were greater when one of the side windows were open than those when both of the windows were closed. The location and height of the maximum and minimum measurements were also different. In greenhouse 2, differences between the maximum and minimum air temperatures at noon and sunset were greater when both windows were open. The maximum PPFD were observed at a 3-m height, close to the lighting source, and $CO_2$ concentration in the crop growing regions. Conclusions: In this study, spatial, vertical, and temporal variability of ambient crop growing conditions in greenhouses was evaluated. And also the variability was affected by operation conditions such as window opening and heating. Results of the study would provide information for optimum monitoring and control of ambient greenhouse environments.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2018

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are parasites that attack many field crops and orchard trees, and affect both the quantity and quality of the products. A root-colonizing bacterium, Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6, possesses beneficial traits including strong nematicidal activity. To determine the molecular mechanisms involved in the nematicidal activity of P. chlororaphis O6, we constructed two mutants; one lacking hydrogen cyanide production, and a second lacking an insecticidal toxin, FitD. Root drenching with wild-type P. chlororaphis O6 cells caused juvenile mortality in vitro and in planta. Efficacy was not altered in the fitD mutant compared to the wild-type but was reduced in both bioassays for the mutant lacking hydrogen cyanide production. The reduced number of galls on tomato plants caused by the wild-type strain was comparable to that of a standard chemical nematicide. These findings suggest that hydrogen cyanide-producing root colonizers, such as P. chlororaphis O6, could be formulated as "green" nematicides that are compatible with many crops and offer agricultural sustainability.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.413-419
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• 2009

The appropriate dripper position in perlite bag was investigated for tomato production. Drippers were laid at 5(F5), 15cm (F15) away from the stem base or 5cm at first and then moved to 15cm later (M5-15). Roots were developed more near the stem base in F5, while less in F15. Roots were distributed evenly in M5-15. In vertical distribution of water in perlite bag, water content was higher as it went deeper with the variation by dripper positions. Yield was high in F15 and low in F5. In conclusion the position of dripper is the best at 15cm from the stem base in perlite bag culture in view of root distribution and yield.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.155-160
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• 2009

The production of dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) melanin is known to be essential factor for pathogenicity in Colletotrichum lagenarium. However, the genetic diversity of melanin genes was not much known among Colletotrichum spp. To investigate the variability of melanin gene in Colletotrichum spp. that cause anthracnose on diverse crops including tomato, we cloned and sequenced partial sd, one of DHN melanin genes encoding for scytalone dehydratase, from eight strains of C. coccodes, C. acutatum, C. truncatum C. caricae, and C. musae. The size of PCR-amplified sd ranged 437 bp to 545 bp. The nucleotide sequence identity of sd among the Colletotrichum strains tested varied from 49% to 99%. All of the PCR-amplified sd from eight strains contain an intron and have two exons coding for 122 amino acids. Overall, the size and nucleotide sequence of sd varied among the five Colletotrichum spp. Sequence identity of the predicted scytalone dehydratase protein of 122 amino acids ranged 50 to 99%. Phylogentic analysis based on the sd nucleotide sequences revealed that the five Colletotrichum spp. could be genetically divided.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.10-14
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• 2008

Batcterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of important and widespread diseases worldwide as well as in Korea. Bacterial wilt disease caused by R. solanacearum has been reported mainly in solanaceous crops including eggplant (Solanum melongena), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), potato (S. tuberosum), and pepper (Capsicum annuum). A total of 48 strains of R. solanacearum from eggplant were collected during 2005 and 2006. They were confirmed as R. solanacearum by PCR amplification with primer pair flipcF/flipcR resulting in production of 470-bp DNA fragment. The 15 isolates exhibited pathogenicity on eggplant and tomato, but less virulent on pepper than other species. The biovar of collected isolates, which have been reported of five types worldwide, were classified as biovars 3 and 4 by physiological test. Biovar 4 was the dormant type without pathogenicity on eggplant rootstock, whereas biovar 3 had pathogenicity on eggplant rootstocks that is resistant to R. solanacearum, indicating necessity of breeding new rootstock with resistance to R. solanacearum biovar 3