• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2023.04a
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• pp.156-156
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• 2023

Salinity is a major abiotic stress that limits rice productivity in many regions of the world. In order to develop salt stress tolerant rice plants, genetic engineering is a promising approach. We characterized the molecular function of rice C3H2C3 as a really interesting new gene (RING). Oryza sativa RING finger protein H2-3 (OsRFPH2-3) was highly expressed in 100 mM NaCl. To identify the localization of OsRFPH2-3, we fused vectors that include C-terminal GFP protein (35S;;OsRFPH2-3-GFP). OsRFPH2-3 was expressed in the nucleus in rice protoplasts. An in vitro ubiquitin assay demonstrated that OsRFPH2-3 possessed E3-ubiquitin ligase activity. However, the mutated OsRFPH2-3 were not possessed any E3-ubiquitin ligase activity. Under salinity conditions, OsRFPH2-3-overexpressing plants exhibited higher chlorophyll, proline, SOD, POD, CAT, and soluble sugar contents and lower H₂O₂ accumulation than wild-type plants, supporting transgenic plants with enhanced salinity tolerance phenotypes. OsRFPH2-3-overexpressing plants exhibited low Na+ accumulation and Na+/K+ ratios in their roots. Theses results suggest that overexpression of OsRFPH2-3 can make plant insensitivity about salinity conditions.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.150-159
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• 1996

This study was conducted to investigate the inhibition of protox activity and the PPIX accumulation of the oxyfluorfen-tolerant and-susceptible rice cultivars with barnyardgrass, a typical susceptible weed in accordance by oxyfluorfen treatment. The susceptible rice cultivars and barnyardgrass showed more inhibition of protox activity due to the treatment of oxyfluorfen than the tolerant rice cultivars. Especially in the concentration at $10^{-6}$M treatment, protox activity of the susceptible rice cultivars and barnyardgrass were the completely inhibited but the tolerant rice cultivars kept 32~59% of activity compared to the control. As the treatment concentration increased, the content of PPIX accumulation increased and it increased untill four hours of light exposure but it tended to decrease these after. The content of PPIX accumulation by the treatment of oxyfluorfen was more pronounced in the light condition than in the dark. Under the light and dark conditions, the susceptible rice cultivars and barnyardgrass showed more PPIX accumulation than the tolerant rice cultivate. Especialiy the susceptible barnyardgrass had more than the rice. With the treatment of GC and DA, tetrapyrrole biosynthesis inhibitor, the herbicidal activity by oxyfluorfen was inhibited, and the susceptible rice cultivars and barnyardgrass tended to have less effective than the tolerant rice cultivars and the content of chlorophyll or PPS accumulation tended to be similar.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.409-413
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• 2015

To enhance phytoremediation, which removes heavy metal from soil, transgenic plants were applied to contaminated soil. We constructed a transformation vector expressing both $TgMTP_1$ (T. goesingense metal tolerance protein):HA and TgMTP:GFP genes. Transgenic plants were generated using an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system that expressed the two vectors. Screening and analysis confirmed the incorporation of foreign genes into the Arabidopsis thaliana genome. Callus was induced in the 116 T3 line. These transgenic plants and calli were used for further analyses on the accumulation of Ni. The 116 T3-line plants and calli from selected lines were resistant to heavy metals and accumulated Ni in their leaves. The expression level of TgMTP RNA was equal in all leaves, but protein stability increased in the leaves with Ni treatment. According to these results, we suggest that $TgMTP_1$-overexpressing plants may be useful for phytoremediation of soil.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.26-31
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• 2000

This study was carried out to obtain the basic information for breeding cold-tolerant rice varieties with high yield-productivity through wide crosses between indica and japonica rice. Genetic analysis was conducted using 55 F$_1$s obtained from half-diallel crosses among eleven cultivars of various origin including indica and japonica rice. Screening for cold tolerance was done with cold-water irrigation after transplanting until ripening stage. Both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects were highly significant in all characters associated with dry matter accumulation at 30 and 50days after cold-water irrigation (DAC). The variance of GCA was much larger than that of SCA in plant height, shoot dry weight per plant (DWP), crop growth rate (CGR) and cold-water response index (CRI) of these characters except CRI of shoot dry weight per plant. The DWP, CGR and CRI of these characters of Gaochan 102, Tong88-7 and TR22183 were markedly higher than those of the others. GCA effects of these varieties on DWP, CGR and their CRI were also higher than those of the others, indicating that they are useful as promising parents for breeding cold-tolerant varieties. Analysis of genetic parameters for 11$\times$11 half-diallel F$_1$s revealed that inter-locus gene interaction were concerned in the expression of plant height at 50 DAC, CRI of DWP at 50 DAC, and CRI of CGR, and that intra-locus gene interaction for plant height and the other characters were partial dominance and over-dominance, respectively. Narrow-sense heritability (h$^2$$_{N}$) was the highest in plant height as 0.729, and the lowest in CRI of DWP at 30 DAC as 0.048, suggesting that selection for cold tolerance will be quite effective in case that the selection criterion is the performance itself.f.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.646-652
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• 2010

Gambejaeseup-tang (GBJST) have recently been used as an anti-obesity herbal medicine but their effect and mechanism of action have not been studied. We modified ingredients of GBJST based on the previous experiments about exploring herbs to suppress triglyceride accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We investigated the effects of modified GBJST on energy, glucose and lipid homeostasis using female rats with diet-induced obesity and their action mechanism was also determined. Rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) were divided into 3 groups: rats in each group received 0.2 or 2 g water extracts of modified GBJST (L-GBJST or H-GBJST) or 2 g cellulose per kg body weight (a negative control) on a daily basis. A further group was fed a low-fat diet (LFD) as a positive control. We found that modified GBJST dose-dependently decreased body weight and mesenteric and retroperitoneal fat more than the control. This decrease was due to the reduction in energy intake and the increase of energy expenditure. HFD increased fat oxidation more than LFD and modified GBJST further increased fat oxidation as a major energy source more than the control in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, H-GBJST improved glucose tolerance without changing serum insulin levels during an oral glucose tolerance test. H-GBJST also suppressed the increase of serum total and LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels by HFD. In conclusion, modified GBJST have a good anti-obesity effect by decreasing energy intake and increasing energy expenditure mainly as fat in female rats with diet-induced obesity. It also improves glucose tolerance and lipid metabolism.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.20-24
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• 2003

Proline is known as an osmotrotectant to enhance tolerance against both salt and dehydration stresses. A P5CS ($\Delta^1$-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase) plays a major role in regulation of synthesis of proline. An overexpression of the mothbean P5CS gene in transgenic tobacco plant increased the levels of proline and osmotolerance. In an attempt to look for the possibility to use content of proline as well as a level of P5CS gene expression as molecular markers for salt tolerance, the amounts of proline and transcript levels of P5CS were measured as functions of either concentration of NaCl or length of treatment period among different species of zoysiagrass. Hybridzoysia showed the highest level of proline ($329\mu\textrm{g}$/g.f.w.) among five different species of zoysiagrass at 250 mM NaCl in 24 hours. The level of P5CS transcript was also the highest in the hybridzoysia at 250 mM NaCl in 24 hours. The transcriptions of P5CS gene were induced at the rates of 1.2, 1.2, 1.8, and 1.8, upon treatment of 250 mM NaCl in Z. japonica, Z. matrella, Z. sinica and hybridzoysia respectively. Based on a correlation between the level of P5CS transcript and the proline content among different species of zoysiagrass, a comparative structural analysis of the gene for P5CS from either Z. sinica or hybridzoysia may lead to an understanding of mechanism for salt tolerance shown differently among zoysiagrasses.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.684-693
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• 2014

Abiotic stress conditions such as cold, drought, and salinity trigger physiological and morphological changes and yield loss in plants. Hence, plants adapt to adverse environments by developing tolerance through complex regulation of genes related to various metabolic processes. This study was conducted to construct a coexpression network for multidirectional analysis of salt-stress response genes in Brassica rapa (Chinese cabbage). To construct the coexpression network, we collected KBGP-24K microarray data from the B. rapa EST and microarray database (BrEMD) and performed time-based expression analyses of B. rapa plants. The constructed coexpression network model showed 1,853 nodes, 5,740 edges, and 142 connected components (correlation coefficient > 0.85). On the basis of the significantly expressed genes in the network, we concluded that the development of salt tolerance is closely related to the activation of $Na^+$ transport by reactive oxygen species signaling and the accumulation of proline in Chinese cabbage.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.204-209
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• 2004

The main purpose of this study was to select a B. schmidtii population which has high cadmium tolerance and remediation and to determine the difference of cadmium uptake patterns among populations. One-year-old B. schmidtii seedlings were treated with 0, 0.4, 0.8mM CdSO$_4$. 3/8H$_2$O for two months. Cadmium concentrations in different positions of stem and cadmium concentrations and contents of leaves, stems and roots were analyzed. Also soil cadmium concentrations were analyzed. B. schmidtii was highest in root and lowest in shoot tip, showing a gradual decrease from root to shoot tip. The shoot to root Cd concentration ratios were over 1.26. It is concluded that B. schmidtii has good potential for phytoextraction as a shoot accumulator, which can be used for remediation of cadmium-contaminated areas. But tolerance differs between populations. Therefore B. schmidtii should be used as a means of phytoremediation after selection for Cd tolerance is performed.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.323-329
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• 2011

MuSI, a gene that corresponds to a domain that contains the rubber elongation factor (REF), is highly homologous to many stress-related proteins in plants. Since MuSI is up-regulated in the roots of plants treated with cadmium or copper, the involvement of MuSI in cadmium tolerance was investigated in this study. Escherichia coli cells overexpressing MuSI were more resistant to Cd than wild-type cells transfected with vector alone. MuSI transgenic plants were also more resistant to Cd. MuSI transgenic tobacco plants absorbed less Cd than wild-type plants. Cd translocation from roots to shoots was reduced in the transgenic plants, thereby avoiding Cd toxicity. The number of short trichomes in the leaves of wild-type tobacco plants was increased by Cd treatment, while this was unchanged in MuSI transgenic tobacco. These results suggest that MuSI transgenic tobacco plants have enhanced tolerance to Cd via reduced Cd uptake and/or increased Cd immobilization in the roots, resulting in less Cd translocation to the shoots.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.357-363
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to investigate whether exogenous proline (Pro) could confer freezing tolerance of spinach and determine fluctuations of free amino acids in spinach leaf tissues under freeze-induced stress. Treatment with Pro (10 mM) resulted in more accumulation of Pro (~2.6-fold) in Pro-treated spinaches compared to untreated ones. These Pro-pretreated spinaches were more freezing-tolerant, showing more turgid leaves and petioles compared to untreated controls. However, when spinaches pre-treated with or without Pro were subjected to freezing, there was no significant difference in overall amino acid contents, emphasizing the role of Pro as an osmoprotectant. Freezing stress prompted intensification of total amino acid contents irrespective of pretreatment with Pro. Asp, Glu, Ala, and Val were the most abundant free amino acids due to increased protein degradation and nitrogen mobilization for plant survival under freezing stress. Arg, a precursor for the synthesis of polyamines in plants, was profoundly enhanced under freezing stress. This implies that Arg plays an important role in modulating freezing tolerance. Gly, Leu, and Ile were maintained at relatively low levels in all treatments. However, Ser, Tyr, and Lys as primary constituents of dehydrins were accumulated under freezing stress, suggesting that they might play a role in increasing cryoprotective activity under freezing stress.