• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.520-523
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• 2004

A phase-locked loop control system designed by using the linear quadratic regulator approach is presented in this paper. The system thus designed is optimal system when system is in locked state and the parameter value of loop filter which is an active PI filter can be obtained easily. By considering the structure of loop filter of phase-locked loop is included in the process to be controlled, a type 1 servo system can be constructed when voltage control oscillator is considered as an integrator. The integral gain of the proposed system obtained by linear quadratic regulator approach can be used as an optimal value to design the parameter of loop filter. The implemented result in controlling the second-order lag pressure process by using the proposed scheme show that the system response is fast with no overshoot and no steady-state error. Furthermore, the experimental results are also shown in term of output disturbance effect rejection, tracking and process parameter changed.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.1847-1852
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• 2003

Ultrasonic motors have many excellent performances. A variety of ultrasonic motors has been developed and used as an actuator in motion control systems. However, this motor has nonlinear characteristics. Therefore, it is difficult to achieve the precise position control system incorporating with the ultrasonic motor. This paper describes a position control scheme for traveling-wave type ultrasonic motor using a pseudo-derivative control with feedforward gains (PDFF) controller designed by the coefficient diagram method (CDM). The PDFF control system satisfies both the tracking and regulation performances, which are the most important for the precise position control system. The CDM is shown to be an efficient and simple method to design the parameters of PDFF controller. The effectiveness of the proposed control system is demonstrated by experiments.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.187-190
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• 2012

Background: High incidence of gallbladder cancer (GBC) is reported from North India, with elevated concentrations of heavy metals in water and soil. This Indo-Japan collaborative study compared presence of heavy metals in gallbladder tissues. Methods: Heavy metal concentrations were estimated in Indian GBC and cholecystitis tissues and compared with Japanese GBC and cholecystitis tissues. Spectrophotometry was done for 13 Indian gallbladder tissues (8 GBC, 5 cholecystitis) and 9 Japanese (5 GBC, 4 cholecystitis). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) thin foil element analysis was done in 10 Indian samples (6 GBC, 4 cholecystitis). Results: Chromium, lead, arsenic and zinc were significantly high in Indian GBC compared with Japanese GBC. Chromium, lead and arsenic were significantly high in the Indian cholecystitis tissues compared to the Japanese. TEM of Indian tissues demonstrated electron dense deposits in GBC. Conclusion: Heavy metals-chromium, lead, arsenic and zinc are potential carcinogens in Indian GBC from endemic areas. This preliminary study links presence of heavy metals in gallbladder cancer tissues in endemic areas.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.197-201
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• 2013

This paper describes the fabrication and characterization of graphene based carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) gas sensors. Graphene was synthesized by thermal decomposition of SiC. The resistivity $CO_2$ gas sensors were fabricated by pure graphene and graphene decorated Au nanoparticles (NPs). The Au NPs with size of 10 nm were decorated on graphene. Au electrode deposited on the graphene showed Ohmic contact and the sensors resistance changed following to various $CO_2$ concentrations. Resulting in resistance sensor using pure graphene can detect minimum of 100 ppm $CO_2$ concentration at $50^{\circ}C$, whereas Au/graphene can detect minimum 2 ppm $CO_2$ concentration at same at $50^{\circ}C$. Moreover, Au NPs catalyst improved the sensitivity of the graphene based $CO_2$ sensors. The responses of pure graphene and Au/graphene are 0.04% and 0.24%, respectively, at $50^{\circ}C$ with 500 ppm $CO_2$ concentration. The optimum working temperature of $CO_2$ sensors is at $75^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.237-242
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• 1999

As one of the key parameters to determine $CO_2$ flux between air - sea interface, it is quite important to know p$CO_2$, which has involved much uncertainty, mainly due to the complex variations of sea surface p$CO_2$ and the paucity of samples, made in ocean. In order to improve the interrelationship between partial pressure (p$CO_2$) and different physical and biochemical parameters in global sea surface water, a new empirical relation is established to correlate and parameterize p$CO_2$ in the mixed layer using the data from recent WOCE cruises. Meanwhile, by new empirical relation, abundant historical hydrographic and nutrients ship data, Levitus data set and NOAA/AVHRR(SST), p$CO_2$ have been accumulated and applied. Then effort has to be made fur promotion of this study to correlate and parameterize p$CO_2$ in the mixed Layer with different physical and biochemical parameters. and further attribute this huge historical data sets and NOAA/AVHRR(SST) data to estimate p$CO_2$. In this paper we analyzed more interrelationship between the model and ship/satellite data set. Finally, the inter-annual variations of p$CO_2$ in sea are presented and discussed.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.231-236
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• 1999

Accurate ocean surface fluxes with high resolution are critical for understanding a mechanism of global climate. However, it is difficult to derive those fluxes by using ocean observation data because the number of ocean observation data is extremely small and the distribution is inhomogeneous. On the other hand. satellite data are characterized by the high density, the high resolution and the homogeneity. Therefore, it can be considered that we obtain accurate ocean surface by using satellite data. Recently we constructed ocean surface data sets mainly using satellite data. The data set is named by Japanese Ocean Flux data sets with Use of Remote sensing Observations (J-OFURO). Here, we introduce J-OFURO. The data set includes shortwave radiation, longwave radiation, latent heat flux, sensible heat flux, and momentum flux etc. Moreover, sea surface dynamic topography data are included in the data set. Radiation data sets covers western Pacific and eastern Indian Ocean because we use a Japanese geostationally satellite (GMS) to estimate radiation fluxes. On the other hand, turbulent heat fluxes are globally estimated. The constructed data sets are used and shows the effectiveness for many scientific studies.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.493-498
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• 1994

The response of crossbred Holstein milking cows to the neutralized urea-treated rice straw feeding was investigated. Rice straw was treated with 6% urea for at least 21 days and further with sulfuric acid for overnight to complete the neutralization. The neutralized straw was then sun-dried and its feeding value was compared with that of the dried non-neutralized urea-treated straw. They were fed to the cows with concentrates either by the ration formulation based on the nutrient requirements for milk production recommended by NRC or by the traditional way in which straw was fed ad libitum and concentrates at 1 kg/2 kg of milk production. The results showed that milk production as well as milk composition of cows were not different between neutralized and non-neutralized straw. The feeding of the neutralized straw could significantly reduce the supply of protein-rich feed such as soybean oil meal, and it was demonstrated that ammonium sulfate in the neutralized straw could be utilized as effective as the plant origin protein. The results also suggested that if the traditional feeding method is applied to the dairy cattle, protein content of the supplementing concentrates should be increased to meet the requirement.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.487-491
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• 1994

The experiment was carried out to study the digestibility of nutrients in the neutralized urea-treated rice straw when it was fed singly or in combination with concentrates. A total of 8 crossbred Holstein steers were randomly allocated in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design consisted of 4 treatments, in which the neutralized straw/concentrates ratio on DM basis varied as 100/0, 90/10, 80/20 and 70/30. The results indicated that the digestibility of DM, ether extract and NFE, and TDN and DE of the diets tended to increase with an increase in the level of concentrates. Regression analysis showed that the values of intercepts should be used for estimating DM digestibility, TDN and DE of neutralized straw, when it was fed with concentrates. Digestibilities of crude fiber, NDF and ADF tended to be higher when it was fed singly than when fed with concentrates. Digestibilities of organic matter and CP were not so much changed with the increasing level of concentrates. Although the animals singly fed the neutralized straw showed positive body weight gain and N-balance, it should be necessary to supplement the concentrates to get more body weight gain and N-balance in the crossbred Holstein steers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.1 no.2 s.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2001

The flood damage due to heavy rainfall caused by not only geographical factor, but also social factors. In this paper we derived the flooding potential factors, and analyzed resident's understanding of flooding through the Tokai disaster of Japan, occurred in september 2000. Furthermore, the urban rate obtained by the data comparison between 1975 and 1985 using GIS is evaluated to estimate the effect of rainfall-runoff mechanism due to the urbanization. These efforts could be served as the information of flood damage for the communication with the residents and it would be helped the minimization of flood damage.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.271-281
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• 2009

This paper presents a novel multiband microstrip-fed right angle slot antenna design technique for multiple independent frequency bands. The new technique uses various slot sizes at various appropriate positions. We first propose a tri-band slot antenna consisting of three right angle slots. Then, a quad-band slot antenna is developed with four right angle slots which achieves slant ${\pm}45^{\circ}$ linear polarization, omnidirectional pattern coverage, good antenna gain, and acceptable impedance bandwidths over all the operating frequency range. Moreover, an open-circuited tuning stub is introduced to achieve good impedance matching. Both proposed antennas are designed on a ground plane of RT/duroid 5880 substrate with a thickness of 1.575 mm. The real measurable results show that the desired frequencies used in wireless communication systems, namely, WLAN and WiMax, are efficiently achieved.