• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2008

This study investigated the quality of tofu prepared by treating soybean milk with deep seawater as a coagulant. The quality and shelf-life of the tofu prepared using the deep seawater coagulant were determined and compared to those using $CaSO_4$, surface seawater, and intermediate seawater coagulant. The tofu made with the deep seawater coagulant was firmest. In addition, the deep seawater tofu product had more, smaller particles in the microscopic view, compared to the tofu made from surface and intermediate seawater coagulants. The deep seawater tofu product had the lowest viable cell counts and turbidity. In addition, the deep seawater tofu product had a longer extended shelf-life. From these results, deep seawater appears to improve the texture, taste, and shelf-life of tofu when used as a coagulant.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.161-166
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• 1999

CaCl2 and water soluble degraded chitosan mixtures were used as coagulants for extending the shelf life of tofu. Microbial counts, pH, and turbidity in tofu immersion solution were analyzed during the periods of storage at 4oC and physico chemical properties of tofu were determined by rheological properties, color and yield. There was no significant difference in moisture content and yield between tofu made with and without chitosan. Failure stress and stress relaxation values were reduced when chitosan was added to CaCl2, but there was no significant change among contents of chitosan added to tofu. The pH values were decreased at the beginning and then slowly increased after 14 days storage. The changes in turbidity were increased during storage, but the change in 2.0g degraded chitosan mixture with 7.0g CaCl2 coagulant(2.0:7.0 ratio) was lower than others and initial turbidity was lower as much as chitosan added to coagulant. These data showed that the water soluble degraded chitosan had a good anti microbial effect and increases the shelf life of tofu.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.113-116
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• 2007

We investigated the characteristics of various Tofu coagulants extracted from sea tangle using treated deep ocean water (DOW) as the solvents. The coagulants were typical solutions extracted from sea tangle using raw DOW and strongly electrolyzed acidic (SAC) or alkaline (SAK) water. The total dissolved solids (TDS), NaCl and electric conductivity were increased in the coagulant solution extracted by SAC than the others. In the coagulant solutions extracted by acidic electrolyzed solvent, aspartic acid content (13.5 mg/100 g) was higher than others (11.2 and 12.1 mg/100 g). The Tofu obtained using coagulants extracted with treated DOW had the water contents ranging from 79.55% to 80.04%. The contents of crude protein (12.1 g/100 g) and Na, Ca, K and Mg were relatively higher than general Tofu commercially available. Therefore, coagulant solutions extracted from sea tangle using treated DOW can be used to develop natural high-grade tofu for practical use.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.441-446
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• 2017

Among the many foods, it is hard to find perfect food with nutrition and functionality like beans. Korean food culture is the main ingredient of korean culture, kochujang, soybean paste, and soy sauce, and processed soybean tofu is the main ingredient. Soybean meets high quality protein and fat, and it has excellent results in prevention and treatment of all kinds of diseases. Soybean food is becoming a new generation health food. In countries where animal protein intake is low, soybean is used as a protein source instead of animal protein. Tofu, a processed food, is a complete food with high digestibility. In order to publicize the superiority of soybean nutritional value, Tofu processing and powder were investigated by observing the size, shape and characteristics of bean powder using domestic soybeans and imported soybean, and the variation of the amount of coagulant.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.769-775
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• 2010

Quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of spirulina with added tofu were investigated in the presence of different coagulants ($CaSO_4$, $MgCl_2$, Glucono delta lactone (GDL), vinegar). The yield of the spirulina tofu was the highest when coagulated with GDL. The pH of spirulina tofu with $MgCl_2$ was the highest compared to those of other coagulants. The tumidity of spirulina tofu was the highest with $MgCl_2$. In the color analysis of spirulina tofu, the L (lightness) value was the highest with $CaSO_4$, whereas a (redness) value was the highest with $MgCl_2$. C-phycocyanin contents were the highest with the $CaSO_4$. Phycoerythrin of spirulina tofu for vinegar was 0.194 mg/mL, and GDL content was 0.214 mg/mL. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of spirulina tofu was the highest with $MgCl_2$ $IC_{50}$ values of the DPPH radical scavenging activity of spirulina tofu with $MgCl_2$ was 89.2 mg/g, GDL 93.5 mg/mL, $CaSO_4$ 116.7 mg/mL, and vinegar 118.0 mg/mL. The texture analyses (TPA) results showed that hardness was in the order of vinegar>$MgCl_2$>GDL>$CaSO_4$. For the overall acceptability of the preference test, the spirulina tofu that was made using $MgCl_2$ coagulant had the highest score. Based on these results, it is suggested that $MgCl_2$ is the proper coagulant for the preparation of spirulina with added tofu.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.636-642
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• 2013

해양 암반 심층수의 두부 응고제로서 활용 가능성을 확인하기 위하여 시판 두부 응고제 3종($MgCl_2$, $CaSO_4$ 및 glucono-${\delta}$-lactone)으로 제조한 두부와 농축하여 8 $^{\circ}Brix$로 농도 조절한 해양 암반 심층수를 두유 L당 20, 25 및 30g씩(SW-20, 25, 30) 첨가하여 제조한 두부의 품질특성을 분석하였다. 두부의 제조 수율은 SW-30에서 유의적으로 높았으며, 순물의 탁도는 해양 암반 심층수를 응고제로 사용한 실험군에서 유의적으로 높았다. 두부의 수분은 72.72~74.86%, pH는 6.09~7.01이었는데, glucono-${\delta}$-lactone을 응고제로 사용한 두부에서 유의적으로 낮았으며, 여타 시료간에는 유의차가 없었다. 두부의 무기물 함량은 응고제에 함유되어 있는 무기물의 영향을 많이 받아 응고제의 주요 무기물이 두부에서도 다량 검출되었으나, 25 mg/kg 미만의 미량 무기질은 응고제의 영향이 적었다. 두부의 명도와 황색도는 해양 암반 심층수로 응고한 실험군간에는 유의차가 없었다. 두부의 물성 중 경도는 시판 응고제를 사용한 두부에 비해 해양 암반 심층수를 사용한 두부에서 유의적으로 낮았다. 관능평가 결과 두부의 응고제는 질감과 맛에 영향을 미쳤는데, 경도가 낮거나 높을 경우 질감에 대한 기호도도 감소하였으며, 응고제로부터 유래한 쓴맛이나 신맛도 관능적 특성을 크게 저해하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 해양 암반 심층수는 두부의 이화학적 특성에 있어 시판 응고제로 제조한 두부와 유사한 특성을 나타내었으며, 관능적 특성은 오히려 우수하여 두부 응고제로 활용 가능성이 충분하였다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.576-583
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to compare the quality characteristics of silken tofu products from the commercial market in Korea. Seven types of commercial silken tofu were sampled and their physicochemical properties, including soluble solid contents, salinity, pH, total acidity, moisture contents (total solid contents), crude protein and fat contents were evaluated. The TPA results suggest that the texture of silken tofu was very different from one another according to the type of and the amount of coagulant. The commercial silken tofu showed a range of pH 5.53~6.48, total acidity of 0.12~0.32%, soluble solid contents of 2.62~5.07 °Brix, salinity of 2.28~4.30%, and moisture contents of 87.10~92.24%, respectively. In terms of the coagulant of tofu, besides the GDL (glucono-δ- lactone), other coagulants such as MgCl₂ for making 'silken tofu' in the Korean tofu market. The quality characteristics differed depending on the constituents of sample and the coagulants of tofu used. These results are expected to be useful in identifying new trends in the domestic silken tofu industry.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.547-553
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• 2007

강황 첨가 두부의 응고제 종류에 따른 품질 특성을 살펴본 결과는 다음과 같다. 강황 첨가 두부의 수율은 Milky-Mg, 복합 응고제, GDL첨가 두부의 순으로 높은 수율을 나타냈으며, $MgCl_2$ 첨가 두부가 가장 낮은 수율을 나타내었다. 응고제별 강황 첨가 두부의 산도는 0.005$\sim$0.012이었으며 각 시료간의 유의한 차이가 없었다. pH는 복합 응고제를 첨가한 강황 두부가 가장 낮았고, $MgCl_2$ 첨가 두부가 가장 높았다. (p<.001). 탁도는 응고속도가 늦은 GDL 첨가 두부가 가장 높았으며 p<0.01에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 수분 함량은 $CaCl_2$ 첨가 두부가 가장 높게 나타났으며, Milky-Mg 첨가 두부가 가장 낮게 나타났다(p<0.001). 강황 첨가 두부의 기계적 특성 중 색도에서 L값(명도)은 Milky-Mg 첨가 두부가 가장 밝았으며, a값(적색도)은 GDL 첨가 두부가 가장 높게 나타났으나 b값(황색도)은 가장 낮게 나타났다. 강황 첨가 두부의 texture 측정결과 견고성은 $CaSO_4$ > $CaCl_2$ > $MgCl_2$ > 복합응고제 > GDL > Milky-Mg 순이었으며, 응집성은 시료간에 p>.05에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 탄력성, 검성, 부서짐성은 견고성이 높은 $CaSO_4$, $CaCl_2$, $MgCl_2$ 첨가 두부가 높게 나타났다. 외관과 질감의 기호도에서 복합 응고제와 GDL 첨가 두부가 가장 높은 점수를 얻었으며, 맛과 향의 기호도에서도 복합 응고제와 $CaSO_4$, GDL 첨가 두부가 높은 평가를 얻어 전반적으로 강황 0.01% 첨가 두유에 복합 응고제 0.45% 첨가와 GDL 0.3% 첨가 시 시각적 기호도와 기능적인 면에서 우수한 강황 두부로 제조될 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.329-333
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• 2011

떫은감(청도반시) 분말을 첨가한 두부 제조법을 개발하기 위하여, 감 분말의 첨가 시기(응고제 첨가 직전과 직후)와 양(0, 3, 6, 9%)을 달리하여 두부를 제조하여 품질 특성을 조사하였다. 감의 첨가 시기가 응고제 첨가 직전인 경우가 직후인 경우보다 높은 두부 수율과 좋은 관능적 품질특성(외관, 조직감, 전체적인 기호도)을 보였다. 두부의 수율은 감 첨가구가 무첨가구보다 높은 결과를 보였으나 첨가량에 따른 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. 감의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 L값은 감소하였으나 a값과 b값은 큰 변화 경향을 보이지 않았다. 두부의 hardness, chewiness, crispness는 감 분말 6% 이상 첨가구에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. DPPH 유리기 소거능은 감의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였지만 3%와 6% 사이에 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. 관능적 품질특성 중 외관과 색은 첨가구가 보다 나쁘게 평가되었으나 냄새, 콩비린내, 떫은맛 및 조직감은 첨가량에 따른 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았고 전체적인 기호도는 9% 첨가구가 유의적으로 낮은 점수를 보였다. 따라서 떫은감 분말을 첨가하여 두부를 제조할 경우, 적합한 첨가 시기와 양은 응고제 첨가직전과 3-6% 정도인 것으로 확인되었다.

• 식품과학과 산업
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.171-183
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• 2021

Tofu has been consumed as source of protein in Asia for hundreds of years and it was first known in US and Europe by Asian immigrants during 1900s. Lately it is being spotlighted for excellent plant-based protein that has nutritional value. Tofu has long been the most widely used ingredients in Asia and it has been developed into various forms such as tofu, yuba, fried tofu, tofu sheet, fermented tofu and more according to food culture. With development of equipment, coagulant, packaging and pasteurization, now we can have advanced flavor, productivity and distribution of tofu. Tofu has been brought to customer's attention, people who prefer more health oriented, sustainable and eco-friendly food during COVID-19 pandemic season. Furthermore, this global trend is expected to be continued. In response to the trend we need more study on new texture of tofu, substitution of meat, dairy, and various commercialization of HMR in future.